Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer) ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Infant ; Picornaviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use

Objective: To synthetize the new-type GO-DEX-β-CD/DOC and Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC inclusion compound, and study its high-efficiency loading, sustained-release and permeability as transdermal delivery for docetaxel (DOC) composites. Methods: The concentration of DOC was determined by high efficiency liquid chromatography. The high-efficiency loading, sustained-release and permeability as transdermal delivery of GO-DEX-β-CD/DOC and Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC were studied, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of them were determined by centrifugation. The GO-DEX-β-CD/DOC and Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC were applied onto the female mice skin in vitro and in vivo to develop the permeability of them. Results: The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC were higher than GO-DEX-β-CD/DOC, and its slow release property and permeability as transdermal delivery were better. The results showed that the accumulation permeation amount was (22.512 ± 0.715) μg after Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC being applied over 90 h, DOC concentration in skin reached a peak at 15 min by the application of Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC. After 5 h of administration, DOC concentration in the blood of female mice reached (76.886 ± 1.232) μg/mL. Conclusion: The preparation techniques of Fe3O4/GO-Na/DOC was feasible with better sustained release and transdermal effect, which had a promising application prospect.

Child ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Breast Neoplasms ; therapy ; Consensus ; Female ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy

Objective To analyze the associations between particulate air pollution (PM10,PM25) and stroke daily attack or mortality. Methods Meta-analysis method was used to polysynthetically analyze 16 quantitative studies about the associations between particulate air pollution and stroke daily attack or mortality. The relative odds ratio(OR) of stroke attack or mortality associated with per 10 μg/m3 increase of particulate matter concentration was used as effective value,taking a sensitivity analysis for the results. Results A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10was associated with a 1.09% (95%CI: 0.10%-2.08% ) increase in stroke daily attack (OR=1.011,95%CI: 1.001-1.021)and 0.70% (95%CI: 0.60%-0.80% ) increase in stroke daily mortality (OR= 1.007, 95%CI: 1.006-1.008). The results of sensitivity analysis supported above results. As for PM2.5 OR appeared to be 1.001 (95%CI: 0.992-1.010) with a 10 μg/m3 increase in stroke daily attack and 1.052 (95%CI:0.958-1.154) for daily mortality. Conclusion There are positive associations between PM10 and stroke daily attack and mortality, increase of PM25 was not associated with stroke attack and mortality.

Objective To investigate the effects of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the oxidative stress induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in the rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).Methods Rat PASMCs were treated with 200 μ mol/L CoCl2 to mimic the hypoxia insult.Endogenous SO2 generating enzyme aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1) expression was upregulated or downregulated (AAT1 sh) by transfection with lentivirus.Rat PASMCs were randomly divided into 8 groups:vehicle group,vehicle + CoCl2 group,AAT1 group,AAT1 + CoCl2 group,scramble group,scramble + SO2 group,AAT1 sh group and AAT1 sh + SO2 group.SO2 donor Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 at concentration of 100 μ mol/L were added in scramble + SO2 group and AAT1sh + SO2 group.The expressions of AAT1,superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and SOD2 in PASMCs were detected by Western blot method.In situ SO2 content in PASMCs was detected by fluorescent probe.The superoxide anions in PASMCs were labeled by dihydroethidium (DHE) probe under fluorescent microscope.Results Compared with the vehicle group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of AAT1 (0.221 ± 0.002 vs.0.446 ± 0.004),SOD1 (0.076 ± 0.028 vs.0.171 ± 0.019) and SOD2 (0.080 ± 0.031 vs.0.196 ± 0.018) significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion increased in rat PASMCs of vehicle + CoCl2 group.Meanwhile,compared with vehicle + CoCl2 group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of AAT1 (0.839 ± 0.056 vs.0.221 ± 0.002),SOD1 (0.177 ± 0.020 vs.0.076 ± 0.028) and SOD2 (0.195 ±0.018 vs.0.080-± 0.031) markedly increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion decreased in rat PASMCs of AAT1 + CoCl2 group.On the contrary,compared with the scramble group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of AAT1 (0.062 ±0.017 vs.0.354 ±0.034),SOD1 (0.054 ±0.029 vs.0.157 ±0.023) and SOD2(0.180 ±0.100 vs.0.586 ± 0.176)significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion increased in rat PASMCs of AAT1sh group.Furthermore,compared with the AAT1 sh group,the levels of SO2 and the expressions of SOD1 (0.155 ± 0.022vs.0.054 ± 0.029) and SOD2 (0.578 ± 0.200 vs.0.180 ± 0.100) significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and superoxide anion decreased in rats PASMCs of AAT1sh + SO2 group.Conclusion Endogenous SO2/AAT1 inhibits CoCl2-induced oxidative stress in rat PASMCs.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of metastatic carcinoma in bone and to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry in delineation of possible primary sites.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-one cases of metastatic carcinoma in bone encountered during the period from 1998 to 2004 in People's Hospital, Peking University, were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical information, radiographic features and pathologic findings were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study for antigens including cytokeratins, prostatic specific antigen, thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor 1 and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, was performed in 51 cases possessing skeletal metastasis with unknown primary.

RESULTSSkeletal metastasis occurred more commonly in males (male to female ratio = 1.7:1). The age of patients ranged from 23 to 86 years (mean age = 56.5). The presenting symptoms included pain and dysfunction in the affected bones. The locations of skeletal metastasis were as follows: spine (58), pelvic bone (46), long bone (34) and others (3). Twenty-three cases harbored multiple bony lesions. Radiographically, 99 cases (70.2%) of skeletal metastasis were detected by X-rays, including 85 cases (85.9%) showing lytic changes. The primary sites of the tumor could be determined by clinicopathologic correlation in 90 cases (63.8%) and were unknown in the remaining 51 cases. Upon immunohistochemical study, the primary sites were determined in another 40 cases. Overall, the primary sites were identified in 130 cases (92.2%), which included lung (37), female genital system and breast (25), kidney (18), gastrointestinal system (17), liver (12), thyroid (11), prostate (7), bladder (2) and skin (1).

CONCLUSIONSSkeletal metastasis occurs more often in elderly males. Axial bones (spine and pelvis) are usually affected. Lung and female genital system are frequent the primary sites. Immunohistochemical study is useful in cases with occult primary.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Carcinoma ; complications ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the available surgical treatment modalities so as to explore the optimal strategy of managing early breast cancer.

METHODSThe clinical data of 2173 consecutive early-stage breast cancer patients treated by surgery treatments were retrospectively reviewed in order to clarify the indications and contraindications of different modalities. Therapeutic outcome of different surgical treatment modes were compared in terms of recurrence-free survival ( RFS) , disease-free survival ( DFS) , overall survival (OS). The cosmetic results of breast conservation and reconstruction were also evaluated .

RESULTSThe median age of these patients was 51 years ranging from 18 to 91. Of 2173 patients, 547 had stage 0- I lesions and 1626 stage II , and 1155 (53. 2% ) premenopausal. The proportion of patients who received radical surgery, breast conservation and reconstruction after mastectomy was 83. 6% (1817/2173), 10. 5% (229/2173) and 2. 5% (55/2173) , respectively. Younger and premenopausal patients prefer conservative and reconstructive surgeries, which are reasonable for stage 0-I and non-invasive breast cancer patients. Conservative surgery was not suitable for Paget's disease of breast (P = 0. 004) , mastectomy followed by reconstruction in this type of cancer was up to 38. 5%. The recurrence and metastasis rate of conservation or mastectomy were similar with a comparable 3-year RFS of 97. 4% and 95. 4% , respectively; there were also no significant differences in RFS(P =0. 2435) , DFS( P =0. 1395) and OS(P =0. 9406) after having been followed for 3 to 64 months. Similarly, immediate reconstruction did not show any negative effects with only 1 recurrence and 1 metastasis. Aesthetic outcomes were assessed as excellent or good in 90. 0% of breast conservation surgery, and the acceptability of reconstruction was 94. 5%.

CONCLUSIONBreast conserving surgery not only has comparable survival as mastectomy, but also has better cosmetic outcomes. Immediate breast reconstruction can be a suitable option without compromising survival. It is very important in the management for early breast cancer by selecting the most suitable surgery mode for every individual patient not only to cure her disease but also to satisfy the patient psychologically. Conservation should be preferred prior to reconstruction whenever possible.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; pathology ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the impact of hypoxia on ER-alpha in both breast cancer tissue and cell line, and its relationship with hypoxia-related parameters.

METHODSExpression of ER-alpha in 51 breast cancer patients with ER positive determined by ligand-binding assay was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared with CA-IX and Glut-1. Impact of hypoxia on breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (ER-alpha positive) was observed by Western Blot and RT-PCR.

RESULTSOf 51 breast cancer patients, 49 were ER-alpha positive. Regional decrease of ER-alpha expression was consistently observed in peri-necrotic regions as compared to distant regions in both in-situ carcinomas (n=29, P <0.0001) and invasive carcinomas (n=20, P=0.0001), which was closely associated with the induction of CA-IX and Glut-1 in hypoxia (P <0.0001). The decreased expression of ER-alpha protein and mRNA in breast cancer cell lines were attributed to hypoxia and not to other stress factors, such as reduced glucose, low pH, and products released from necrotic or hypoxic cells. Chronic intermittent hypoxia could cause persistent down-regulation of ER-alpha in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

CONCLUSIONRegional hypoxia in breast cancer is associated with the reduced ER-alpha expression, and intermittent hypoxia can cause persistent down-regulation. Hypoxia may therefore contribute to the progression of ER-alpha negative status and potentially to the development of resistance to endocrine therapy.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carbonic Anhydrase IX ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; metabolism ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent ; diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Septum ; diagnostic imaging