This paper recorded experience on clinical treatment of Mumps from the aspects of pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation,and examples of proved cases.The aim of this paper was to summarize and exchange experiences,80 as to facilitate the smdents'interest in study,and to improve teaching level of clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginkgo biloba extract 761 on disused skeletal muscle atrophy by observing its effects on the wet weight, protein content and contraction of the gastrocnemius of fixed hindlimb in rats. Methods 24 SD rats were divided into blank group, contrast group and experimental group. Their right hind limbs were fixed for 4 weeks with plastic plaster from metatarsus to 1 cm up the knee. The knee joint was fixed in 100? flexion and the ankle joint in 60? plantar flexion. Rats in the contrast group were perfused with 3mL distilled water, and rats in the experimental group were perfused with ginkgo biloba extract 761 (120 mg/kg, 14 mg/mL). The whole gastrocnemius muscle of the right hindlimb was dissected 4 weeks later to measure its contract tension, wet weight and protein content. Results Compared with the blank group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, wet weight and protein content of the gastrocnemius muscle in the contrast and experimental groups decreased significantly (P

?AIM:To investigate the correlation between dry eye and different degrees of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) in type 2 diabetic patients.?METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 340 patients (340 eyes) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Tear film function tests including tear meniscus height, tear film breakup time ( BUT ) , fluorescein staining, Schirmer Ⅰtest were performed followed by surveying questionnaires about dry eye. Retinal status was evaluated by retinal color photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy exam with dilated pupils to evaluate DR and whether companied by macular edema.?RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye was 49. 41%. The mean duration of diabetes in patients with dry eye was 11.15±7.07a, while 6.92±5.45a without dry eye(P<0.01). Dry eye had the positive correlation to the development of DR. The incidence of dry eye in people with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1. 097 times, 1. 724 times, 2. 86 times and 5. 43 times respectively, compared with people without DR. The occurrence of dry eye in people with macular edema increased by 3. 697 times compared with people without macular edema.?CONCLUSION: Dry eye was more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of dry eye increased gradually with the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

BackgroundThe effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on public health have attracted wide attentions.The association of the thermal effect of ELF-EMFs with cancer and ocular tissue damage has been of concern.However,the pathological changes of scleral tissue after exposure to ELF-EMFs as well as the relationship between these changes and myopia are still poorly understood.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the molecular pathological changes of human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs) after exposure to ELF-EMFs in vitro and to explore the possible mechanism in the occurrence and development of myopia.MethodsHFSFs were cultured and passaged and then exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields,and HFSFs that did not receive the irradiation of ELF-EMFs were used as the control group.The expression of collagen type Ⅰ (COL1A1 ) mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA in cultured HFSFs were detected by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) under different magnetic field intensites (0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0 mT) and different exposure time (0,6,12,24,36,48 hours).Cell proliferation assay of HFSFs was detected by the cell counting kit 8 ( CCK8 ) assay.The expression levels of COL1 A1 and MMP-2 proteins in HFSFs were further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Results The expression of COL1A1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated under the exposure of 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 6 hours,in comparison with the control group;moreover,it decreased in parallel with the increased of flux density (0.099±0.008 vs.0.050±0.004) (P =0.009 ).The expression of MMP-2mRNA was up-regulated conspicuously after exposure to 0.1 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours,and it increased with exposure time in comparison with the control group ( 0.009 ±0.001 vs.0.018±0.003 ) ( P =0.038 ).Proliferation of HFSFs (A450) was inhibited following the exposure to 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours in comparison with the control group (P =0.009 ).The expression of COL1 A1 in the experimental group was decreased,compared with the control group,but the expression of MMP-2 was increased.ConclusionsELF-EMFs inhibit the proliferation of HFSFs and expression of COL1 A1 in HFSFs,which might be one of the reasons for the development of myopia.

Objective To compare the effect of repairing large perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) with a new continuous stitching and two classical methods. Methods From January 2005 to January 2008,321 cases with VSD were operated. All the cases were divided into 3 groups according to operational way, with discontinuous stitching in group A (70 cases), continuous stitching in group B(116 cases),new continuous stitching in group C (135 cases). All the patients were total corrected with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Results Group C had the shortest cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times [(48 ± 36) min and (26 ± 18) min]among the three groups (P < 0.05). Group C had not residual shunt and incidence rate was lowest among the three groups (P < 0.05). Temporary second degree auriculo-ventricular bolck (AVB) was found in the early stage and no third degree AVB among the three groups. Tricuspid regurgitation was higher in group A,but there was no significant difference between group B and group C. Follow-up was completed in a duration of 1-3 years and all the cases had a good health after discharged. Conclusions The new continuous stitching method has short eardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times. It has fewer residual shunt than other two classical methods and has no evidence of higher AVB occurrence.

Objective To investigate and eompare the diagnostic values of linear reference region model (LRRM) and Extended Tofts model in quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) analysis of benign and malignant breast lesions under different temporal resolutions.Methods Eight five suspicious breast cancer women underwent bilateral DCE-MRI exam, 37 patients were benigns and 48 patients were malignants.Among those, 31 patients(15 malignant, 16 benign) were scanned with 18 s per phase, and 54 patients(33 malignant, 21 benign) were scanned with 7 s per phase, and they were assigned into breast cancer group, benign lesion group and healthy gland group proven by surgery or biopsies.For the same model, Ktrans values of the three groups under different time resolution were first analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test.Receiver operator curve (ROC) was used to analyse the diagnostic efficiency of K values.Results Under high and low temporal resolutions, K values of the healthy group were (0.048 ±0.022) and (0.090±0.040)/min for extended Tofts model,(0.301 ±0.197) and (0.287±0.225)/min for LRRM model respectively.K values of the benign group were (0.289±0.163) and (0.211 ± 0.080)/min for extended Tofts,(0.624 ± 0.358) and (0.593 ± 0.165)/min for LRRM respectively.K values of the malignant group were (0.959±0.451) and (0.524±0.285)/min for extended Tofts,(1.576±0.935) and (0.956±0.180)/min for LRRM respectively.There were significant differences among the three different groups(P＜0.05).Area under the ROC to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions for Extended Tofts in high temporal, LRRM in high temporal, Tofts in low temporal and LRRM in low temporal were 0.941, 0.876, 0.850 and 0.933, with Ktrans cutoff values of 0.304, 0.917, 0.252 and 0.789/min,and sensitivity of 93.9％, 80.0％,80.0％, 80.0％;specificity of 85.7％, 90.5％, 81.2％, 87.5％ respectively.Conclusion Under low temporal resolutions, Ktrans of LRRM model had better sensitivities and specificities in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions than Extended Tofts model, which was the opposite in high temporal resolutions.

Objective To investigate the optimum target plasma concentration of propofol in preventing the adverse effects of carboprost tromethamine in the patients undergoing caesarean section.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 24-37 yr,weighing 54-78kg,scheduled for elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =32 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),and different concentrations of propofol groups (P1-3 groups).Carboprost tromethamine 250 μg was injected into the body of the uterus,and propofol with the target plasma concentrations of 0.8,1.2 and 1.6 μg/ml was simultaneously given by target-controlled infusion in P1,P2 and P3 groups,respectively,and normal saline was infused at a rate of 0.5 ml · kg-1 · h-1 in group C.The occurrence of cardiovascular events was recorded from the end of carboprost tromethamine administration until the end of surgery.The relatedadverse effects after carboprost tromethamine administration,and Ramsay sedation score at 15 mm after carboprost tromethamine administration were recorded,and satisfactory sedation was defined as Ramsay sedation score of 2.The occurrence of complications associated with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was recorded during the postoperative follow-up.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of carboprost tromethamine-related adverse effects was significantly decreased in P2 and P3 groups,the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly increased in P1 and P2 groups,the incidence of hypotension and tachycardia was significantly decreased in group P1 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of carboprost tromethamine-related adv erse effects in group P1,and in the rate of satisfactory sedation in group P3 (P＞ 0.05).Compared with group P1,the incidence of carboprost tromethaminerelated adverse effects was significantly decreased in P2 and P3 groups,the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly increased in group P2,and the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly decreased in group P3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group P2,the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of carboprost tromethamine-related adverse effects in group P3 (P＞0.05).No cardiovascular events were found in group P2,and the incidence of hypotension was 9％ in group P3.Conclusion The optimum target plasma concentration of propofol in preventing the adverse effects of carboprost tromethamine is 1.2 μg/ml in the patients undergoing caesarean section.

Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of Golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73),alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3) in patients with high risk of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC).Methods Sixty-four cases of PHC were selected as the PHC group,60 cases of liver cirrhosis(LC) as the LC group,53 cases of hepatitis as the hepatitis group and 51 healthy checked-up people as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum level of GP73 in all the cases.AFP-L3 was isolated by using affinity micro centrifugal column,AFP and AFP-L3 were detected with chemiluminescent immunoassay and then the proportion of AFP-L3 was calculated.Results The positive rate of serum GP73,AFP and AFP-L3 in PHC group was significantly higher than that in LC group and hepatitis group [78.1％ (50/64)vs.25.0％ (15/60),17.0％ (9/53);48.4％ (31/64) vs.31.7％ (19/60),22.6％(12/53) ;53.1％(34/64) vs.30.0％(18/60),20.8％(11/53)] (P ＜ 0.05),In control group,GP73,AFP,AFP-L3 was no positive.The levels of GP73,AFP and AFP-L3 in PHC group were significantly higher than those in LC group,hepatitis group and control group [(245.69 ± 89.18)μ g/L vs.(116.37 ±38.52),(97.29 ± 24.58),(23.48 ±9.12) μ g/L; (403.27 ± 128.46) μg/L vs.(75.62 ± 19.35),(66.49 ± 15.14),(3.46 ± 1.02) μg/L; (15.64 ±3.19)％ vs.(5.24 ± 1.15),(4.21 ± 0.96),(2.95 ±0.73)％] (P ＜0.05).The levels of GP73,AFP in LC group and hepatitis group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of GP73,AFP and AFP-L3 had no statistically significant difference between LC group and hepatitis group (P ＞ 0.05).Sensitivity and accuracy of three combined detection for PHC was 96.9％(62/64),91.7％(209/228),significantly higher than that of AFP,AFP-L3 single detection (P ＜ 0.05).GP73 single detection and any two combined detection was no significant difference in sensitivity and accuracy,compared with three combined detection (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of GP73 in PHC patients with different age,gender,serum level of AFP,TNM stage and tumor diameter had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of GP73 in PHC patients with positive HBsAg,extrahepatic metastases and LC had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The diagnosis value of GP73 is evidently higher than AFP and AFP-L3 for PHC,and combined determination is superior to single marker.Combined determination enhances the degree of precision in populations with high risk of PHC diagnosis.

Coccidioides ; Coccidioidomycosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To explore the possible effects of hepatocyte growth factors (HGF) on prevention and therapy of disused gastrocnemius atrophy in rats by observing their effects on the wet weight and contractile function of the gastrocnemius of fixed hind limbs. Methods Twenty-four Wister male rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a contrast group and an experimental group. Their right hind limbs were fixed for four weeks with plastic piaster from metatarsus to 1 cm up the knee. Their knee joint was fixed in 100?flexion and their ankle joint in 60?plantar flexion. Rats in the contrast group were injected with 0. 2 mL of normal saline, and rats in the ex- perimental group were injected with HGF (10 mg/kg, 10 mg/mL). Their whole gastrocnemius of the right hind limb was dissected four weeks later to measure its contractile function and wet weight. Results Compared with the blank group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, and wet weight of the gastrocnemius in the contrast and experimental groups decreased significantly (P＜0. 05), and fields of electric stimulation also decreased signifi- cantly (P＜0. 05). Compared with the contrast group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, and wet weight of the gastrocnemius in the experimental group were significantly superior (P＜0.05), and fields of electric stimulation significantly increased. Conclusion Since after a local injection of HGF, the contractile function and wet weight can be significantly increased, HGF may have a preventive effect on disused atrophy.