Viral encephalitis is a common pediatric infectious disease of the nervous system,the correct diagnosis, treatment and quality control has always been a challenge;America, British, European, Australia had issued guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalitis in 2008-2015 ,which had important reference value for guiding clinicians dealing with viral encephalitis, this article integrated above guides and introduced the definition, classification, etiology, accessory examination, handling procedures and treatment of viral encephalitis in children, and the quality control program in the diagnosis and treatment of viral encephalitis in children was preliminarily discussed.

To determine the content of 10-Hydroxy -2-decenoic acid in Chongcaojing Wangjiang Capsule by HPLC.The column was Discovery C 18 .The detective wavelength was at 209 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.5% phosphoric acid (25∶75) with the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature at 25℃.There was a good linearity (r=1) winthin the range of 0.02144 ～ 0.38592 ?g. The average recovery rate was 101.8%, RSD= 1.6%. [Conclusion] This method can be used for the quality control standard of Chongcaojing Wangjiang Capsule.

Gray relational analysis is employed to analyze the effects of nano-drug features on phagocytosis of macrophages, including zeta potential, shape factor and scale size of drug particle, the correlation among such factors and macrophage cell is calculated. The results showed that the internalization processe is affected significantly by the zeta potential of the drug in the process of phagocytosis of macrophages, followed by the impact particle shape, and the effect of particle scale behaves relatively small.

Objective To explore the application value of plastic biliary stent and fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS) in endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) for treatment of benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 54 patients with benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation undergoing ERCP treatment who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2010 and August 2016 were collected.Among 54 patients,44 had simple anastomotic stricture and 10 had non-anastomotic stricture.All the patients underwent stent implantation by ERCP.Patients with stricture within 1 month postoperatively initially selected single plastic stent or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD),and then changed into multiple plastic stents at the second stent replacement.Patients with stricture after 1 month postoperatively selected multiple plastic stents,multiple plastic stents after balloon dilation or FCSEMS.Observation indicators:ERCP situations,stent implantation,time of stent indwelling,postoperative complications,stent dislocation,treatment outcome and follow-up situations.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview up to November 2016.Clinical symptoms of patients were observed within 1 month postoperatively and liver function and abdominal ultrasound were retested.Liver function and remission degree of biliary stricture were monitored regularly once every 3 months.Measurement data were described as average (range).Results All the patients underwent successful ERCP,of which 53 completed the process of ERCP and 1 rejected treatment due to economic problems.All the 54 patients received 140 times ERCPs with an average of 2.59 times per person,21 times ENBDs,11 times FCSEMSs and 108 times plastic stent implantations (including 35 times single stent implantations,46 times double stents implantations,23 times 3-stents implantations and 4 times 4-stents implantations).All the 54 patients were followed up for 3-143 months,with an average time of 73 months.Of 44 with anastomotic stricture,34 received plastic stent implantation and 98 times ERCPs,with an average number of stent implantation of 2 (range,1-4) and an average time of stent indwelling of 10.7 months (range,9.0-13.0months);the postoperative acute pancreatitis,biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and adverse stent implantation or dislocation were detected in 4 persons every time,7 persons every time,10 persons every time and 3 persons every time,respectively;26 patients were cured and 5 were improved,with an effective rate of 91.2％ (31/34);3 patients with noneffective treatment continued to undergo ERCP and 3 patients had recurrence of anastomotic stricture.Among 10 patients with initial FCSEMS implantation,12 times ERCPs were performed,with an average time of stent indwelling of 7.6 months (range,6.0-12.0 months);postoperative biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and stent dislocation were detected in 1 person every time,1 person every time and 1 person every time,respectively;8 patients were cured,with an effective rate of 8/10;of 2 patients with persistent stricture,1 patient received contrast examination after stent removal,showing a comparative stricture in level 1 branch of intrahepatic duct and considering combined ischaemia,and then underwent the second implantation using multiple plastic stents;the other patient had elevated level of jaundice at 3 months after stents removal and received ERCP,showing anastomotic inflammatory polyp,and then underwent FCSEMS implantation again.Ten patients with non-anastomotic stricture received plastic stent implantation and 30 times ERCPs,with an average number of stent implantation of 3 (range,2-4) and an average time of stent indwelling of 11.3 months (range,10.0-14.0 months);the postoperative acute pancreatitis,biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and adverse stent implantation or dislocation were detected in 2 persons every time,5 persons every time,2 persons every time and 1 person every time,respectively;3 patients were cured and 3 were improved,with an effective rate of 6/10;of 4 patients with noneffective treatment,2 died of gradually deteriorating liver function and 2 underwent the second liver transplantation.Conclusions Stent implantation in ERCP is safe and effective for treatment of benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation,single plastic stent should be used in the early period (within 1 month) and multiple plastic stents should be used in the later period.Although FCSEMS has a higher displacement rate,it should be recommended due to a better clinical effect,lower incidence of complications and simple operation.For patients with non-anastomotic stricture,plastic stent should be used for extrahepatic biliary stricture,with a good clinical effect,and there is worse effect in stent implantation through ERCP for multiple intrahepatic biliary strictures.

OBJECTIVEThis study observed the curative effect of sustained negative pressure drainage application on treatment of severe maxillofacial and neck space infection.

METHODSIncision and drainage were performed to treat 18 patients with severe maxillofacial and neck space infection. A small incision was made on the site of the most obvious swelling or fluctuations, and localized negative pressure was applied with a drainage device on the wound during suturing.

RESULTSAmong the 18 patients, 14 were healed, whereas 4 underwent dehiscence of the wound after the operation. Negative pressure was lost as the drainage tubes were removed, and non-negative pressure drainage method was used instead. During the negative pressure treatment, swelling and pain did not increase after the operation. Other complications, such as asphyxia, septic shock, or mediastinal abscess, did not occur. All the patients were healed and eventually discharged from the hospital.

CONCLUSIONSustained negative pressure drainage, which is a modified version of the traditional method of incision and drainage, is an alternative treatment for severe maxillofacial and neck space infection. Such treatment reduces patient pain and eases doctor exertion. Thus, this method provides a new therapeutic strategy for severe maxillofacial and neck space infection.

Abscess ; Drainage ; Humans ; Neck ; microbiology

According to the investigation about the current ability of military hospitals to cope with bioterrorism , we suggest that military hospitals improve the capability for bioterrorism response based on the research above by satisfying mission requirements , combining peacetime with wartime , carrying out crisis management , classifying response and cooperating with local sectors .

Objective To study the effect of Pingchuan Formula(PCF)on Rho/Rock signaling pathway in the mice of asthmatic model, explore the mechanism of PCF on asthma. Methods Forty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups:a control group, a model group,a dexamethasone group and a PCF group. After treated with medicine for 4 weeks, albumen expression of RhoA and RockI in lung tissues were detected by using Western blot, mRNA expressions of RhoA and RockI were detected by using Real-time PCR. Results The albumen and the mRNA expression of RhoA and RockI in the model group were(1.05± 0.20),(1.06±0.08),(6.60±1.09), (6.53±1.84), the control group were(0.76±0.08), (0.84±0.14), (3.82± 1.77), (3.65±1.46),there was a significant difference between two groups(P<0.01). The albumen and the mRNA expression of RhoA and RockI in the dexamethasone group were(0.78±0.11), (0.87±0.32), (4.19± 2.33), (4.09±1.08), there was a significant difference compared with the model group(P<0.01). The PCF group were(0.86±0.12), (0.93±0.14), (4.38±2.01), (4.50±1.13), there was a difference compared with the model group(P<0.05). These was no difference between the dexamethasone group and the PCF group(P>0.05). Conclusion The expressions of Rho/Rock signaling pathway were controlled significantly by PCF, and the curative effect was similar to dexamethasone.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Zhenqing Recipe (ZQR) on non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and the expression of hepatic salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) and sterol-regulatory element binding protein-ic (SREBP-lc) in type 2 diabetes rats.

METHODSA rat model of type 2 diabetes was established by high fat/sucrose diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of small dose streptozotocin (STZ) . Modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, the ZQR group, and the metformin group, 8 in each group. Eight rats were recruited as a normal control group. ZQR at the daily dose of 12 g crude drugs/kg was administered to rats in the ZQR group by gastrogavage. Metformin suspension at the daily dose of 150 mg/kg was administered to rats in the metformin group by gastrogavage. Equal volume of distilled water was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. All medication lasted for 12 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), free fatty acid (FFA), serum triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected. The body weight and wet liver weight were weighed, and the liver weight index calculated. The liver TG content was measured. The pathological changes of liver and the expression of SIK1 were observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression of SIK1 and SREBP-1c were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, FBG, FFA, TG, TC, ALT, AST, liver weight index, and liver TG contents significantly increased (P < 0.01); liver steatosis was severe, the mRNA and protein expression of SIK1 obviously decreased (P < 0.01); mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-1c increased (P < 0.01). After drug therapy, compared with the model group, FBG, FFA, TG, TC, ALT, AST, and liver weight index significantly decreased, liver TG contents significantly decreased, the mRNA and protein expression of SIK1 obviously increased, while mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-1c obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the ZQR group and the metformin group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and the pathological changes were also improved. All the indices were improved more in the ZQR group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn this experiment, we found that the expression of SIK1 decreased in NAFL rats with type 2 diabetes. ZQR could alleviate lesion of NAFL type 2 diabetes rats possibly by up-regulating hepatic SIK1 expression at mRNA and protein levels.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of ultrastructure of biliary epithelia with ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) and the protection effect of exogenous growth hormone (GH) in order to provide experimental information for prevention of biliary complication after liver transplantation. METHODS: Rats underwent liver transplantation were randomized into control group, ITBL group and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) group (n=6, respectively). Each group was given drugs at the same day postoperation. 7 days later, the specimen of bile ducts was collected. The epithelial changes of biliary tract were observed with TEM, and the injury degree of the epithelia was analyzed quantitatively in a specialized image analysis system. The epithelial plane measurement parameters of each group were measured, including the density of area and quantity of epithelia, and the density of area of epithelial microvilli. RESULTS: As compared with control group, in ITBL group the integrity of bile ducts was destroyed, epithelial microvilli became sparse, the epithelial plane measurement parameters were significantly decreased (P

Objective To analyze the levels and speciation of arsenic metabolites in urine of rats treated with sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate in order to investigate the different aspects of metabolism between sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate,thus to understand further the basic data about relationship between it's metabolism and mechanism of toxicity. Methods Seventy Wistar rats,weighting 80-120 g,were divided into 7 groups of 10 each,such as normal control group,high,middle and low sodium arsenite group and high,middle and low sodium arsenate group. After the animals were fed for one month,the urine was collected by metabolic cage in 12 hours. Applying the high efficiency liquid chromatography and hydride genesis atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (HPLC-HGAFS),the levels and speciation of arsenic metabolites were determined in urine of rats. Meanwhile,the recovery rate of dimethyl arsinic acid(DMA) would be determined to estimate the degree of accuracy of results. Results The levels of iAs~(3+),iAs~(5+) and DMA in middle sodium arsenite group[(121.66±1.26),(10.26±2.68),(200.91±0.56) μg/L]were higher than the high sodium arsenite group[(113.20±0.75),(5.16±1.32),(147.70±μ0.77)μg/L,all P < 0.05]and low sodium arsenite group[(79.35±2.12),(5.13±2.25),(56.35±1.23)μg/L,all P < 0.05]. The levels of iAs~(3+) and DMA in middle sodium arsenate group[(315.81±1.69),(245.12±1.18)μg/L]were higher than the high sodium arsenate group[(85.03±0.56),(110.34±1.04)μg/L,all P< 0.05]and low sodium arsenate group[(22.97±2.67),(15.75±2.15)μg/L,all P < 0.05]. Compared with sodium arsenate group,the levels of iAs~(3+) and DMA in high and low sodium arsenite group were higher(all P < 0.05) ; and the levels of iAs~(3+) and DMA in middle sodium arsenite group were lower(all P < 0.05). Meanwhile,the average urinary recovery rate of DMA of rats in different sodium arsenite group were 94.80%-102.70%,and the average urinary recovery rate of DMA of rats in different sodium arsenate group were 95.33%-108.40%. Conclusion The speciation and levels of arsenic are influenced by the external exposure dose,and some distinction appeared in the metabolism and metabolic path between sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate in urine in vivo.