Objective To optimize the solid-phase extraction method by comparison of the extraction recovery of docetaxel plas-ma samples.Methods After extracted by different solid-phase cartridges with water,acetonitrile,and different content methanol e-lution,the plasma samples were analyzed on an Phenomenex LUNA C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)with mehhanol:acetoni-trile:water(42∶26∶32,v/v/v)as the mobile phase.From the recovery achieved,the best solid phase cartridge was found.Results This method consists of using 60%-80% methanol for the elution.Among the three kinds of solid-phase being tested,Waters Oasis HLB cartridge was found to be the best one.Conclusion The average extraction recovery of the Waters Oasis HLB cartrid-ges was between 95%-105%,and it can be used in the analysis of docetaxel in plasma samples.

Chlamydia ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; immunology ; Muramidase ; immunology

With advances in complex network theory, the thinking and methods regarding complex systems have changed revolutionarily. Network biology and network pharmacology were built by applying network-based approaches in biomedical research. The cardiovascular system may be regarded as a complex network, and cardiovascular diseases may be taken as the damage of structure and function of the cardiovascular network. Although Chinese medicine (CM) is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, its mechanisms are still unclear. With the guidance of complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology, network-based approaches could be used in the study of CM in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. A new discipline-network cardiovasology of CM was, therefore, developed. In this paper, complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology were introduced and the connotation of "disease-syndrome-formula-herb" was illustrated from the network angle. Network biology could be used to analyze cardiovascular diseases and syndromes and network pharmacology could be used to analyze CM formulas and herbs. The "network-network"-based approaches could provide a new view for elucidating the mechanisms of CM treatment.

Phlegm syndrome, as the main syndrome of coronary heart diseases, not only its clinical signs and symptoms are clear, but also related with gene polymorphism, plasma metabolomics, genomics protein metabolism and urine metabolomics indicators, especially the close connection between serum lipids and phlegm syndrome in coronary heart diseases. The further research on the connection can be used as the references for the syndrome diagnosis and clinical treatment guidance, and provide solid foundation for TCM syndromes toward internationalization. This article pointed out that the treatment of coronary heart diseases should retain Chinese characteristics, focus on the basis of the phlegm syndrome, and pay attention to control lipid levels, in order to improve the clinical efficacy, and look forward to making progress in in-depth study on efficacy evaluation system of phlegm syndrome in coronary heart diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil on anoxia/rexogenation (A/R)-induced injury to H9c2 cells incubated in high-glucose culture medium. Methods The H9c2 cells were cultured in low-glucose DMEM/F12 culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were seeded in 96-well or 6-well plates and randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 wells each): normal glucose control group (group NC),high-glucose control group (group HC), high-glucose + A/R group (group HA/R), high-glucose + sufentanil +A/R group (group HSA/R), high glucose + naloxone + A/R group (group HNA/R). The cells were exposed to 95 % N2-5 % CO2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 3 h followed by 3 h reoxygenation. In group NC, the cells were incubated in low-glucose culture medium for 48 h. In group HC, the cells were incubated in high-glucose culture medium for 48 h. In group HA/R, the cells were incubated in high-glucose culture medium for 48 h before anoxia.In group HSA/R, after the cells were incubated in high-glucose culture medium for48 h, sufentanil was added to the culture medium with the final concentration of 10-9 mol/L at 15 min before anoxia. In group HNA/R, after the cells were incubated inhigh-glucose culture medium for 48 h, naloxone was added to the culture medium with the final concentration of 10-6 mol/L, 10 min later sufentanil was added with the final concentration of 10-9 mol/L at 15 min before anoxia. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The amount of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) released in the supernatant and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Results The cell viability and SOD activity were significantly lower, while the amount of LDH released was significantly higher in the other groups than in group NC, in groups HA/R and HNA/R than in group HC, and in group HNA/R than in group HSA/R (P ＜ 0.01 ). The cell viability and SOD activity were significantly higher, while the amount of LDH released was significantly lower in group HSA/R than in group HA/R ( P ＜ 0.01 ). There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group HNA/R and group HA/R ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Sufentanil can attenuate A/R-induced injury to H9c2 cells with high-glucose incubation, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of opioid receptors.

Objective To explore the clinical value of preparatory treatment using estradiol valerate and mifepristone before the curettage of the late small missed abortion.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with late small missed abortion were randomly divided into two groups:pretreated group(n =660) and control group(n =60).Women in the pretreated group were given 5 mg of Estradiol Valerate 3 times/day and 25 mg of Mifepristone twice/day for 3 days each before conducted curettage on the fourth day.While for the control group,curettage was done directly.The condition of operation and the occurrence of short-and long-term complications were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the pretreated group had a significant shorter operation duration[(8.6±2.7) rnin vs.(10.5±3.4) min,t =3.390,P =0.001]and less blood lose during operation[(47.5±18.3) ml vs.(61.8±20.5) ml,t =4.031,P ＜ 0.001].In terms of complications,the rates of incomplete curettage[(0 vs 13.3％,x2 =6.563,P =0.010],artificial abortion syndrome(3.3 ％ vs 15.0％,x2 =4.904,P =0.027),the cervical canal adhesion/Asherman' s syndrome(0 vs 11.7％,x2 =5.461,P =0.019),and the vaginal bleeding duration[(7.5±2.7) days vs(8.7±3.4) days,t =2.141,P =0.034]in the pretreated group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The average recovery time of menstruation after operation in the pretreated patients was significantly shorter than that in the control group[(30.5±9.3) days vs.(35.5±7.4) days,t =3.259,P =0.002].Contusion Estradiol valerate and Mifepristone as a preparatory treatment before the operation can help reduce the occurrence of complications and side effects in the late small missed abortion curettage and is helpful for the patients' recovery,thus worth wide clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effects of radix salvia miltiorrhizae on the apoptosis of hepatoeytes during cold preservation and reperfusion injury in rat donor liver. Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into experimental group, control group and sham operation group. The rat model of liver transplantation was established according to the Kamada method. The grafts were preserved in lactated Ringer's solution with radix salvia miltiorrhizae in experimental group and in lactated Ringer's solution in control group for 5 hours, then they were transplanted orthotopically. Six hours after transplantation, the recipients were sacrificed, and the serum ALT and AST were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, the hepatocyte apoptosis by TUNEL, the expression of Bcl-2 and FasL protein by flow cytometry. The histopathological changes of the liver grafts were observed under light microscope. Results The levels of ALT and AST in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after reperfusion. Compared with that in the control group, the apoptosis index of the hepatoeyte was signifieandy decreased in the experimental group ( F = 133.802, P <0.05 ), while the level of Bel-2 protein expression was increased ( F = 91.063, P < 0.01 ). No statistical difference upon FasL protein expression was detected between the 2 groups( F = 1.329, P >0.05). The histopathological injury of the liver grafts in the experimental group was significantly slighter than that in the control group. Conclusions Radix salvia mihiorrhizae inhibits the apoptosis of hepatocytes by increasing the Bcl-2 protein expression during cold preservation and reperfusion injury, so it has a protective effect on the liver graft against ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To test the degree of acceptance and understanding of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood;To further optimize and modify the entries. Methods A small sample pre-survey and group interviews were used to get the feedback information abut entries of patients, then the panel discussed to modify entries according to the data information. Results After a small sample pre-survey and group interviews, 11 items for modification were obtained, including the rejection in physical pain, belching and so on. Through further optimization and modification, the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood covered 41 entries in physiological domain, 11 entries in psychological domain, 1 entry in independent domain, and 8 entries in social domain. Conclusion The core part of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood was formed, which comprehensively reflects the connotation of stagnation syndrome of qi and blood.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multidirectional diffusion weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) image in acute brainstem infarction.Methods 24 cases of brainstem infarction included 2 cases in super acute stage,22 cases in acute stage.All cases were performed multidirectional DWI,ADC and T1 WI、T2 WI examination including of 2 cases of midbrain,21 cases of pons and 1 case of medulla.All of them were accompanied with infarction of other location.Results Among 24 cases there were 13 cases that their lesions displayed clearly and established by transverse T2WI,transverse、coronary or sagittal DWI、ADC and the diagnostic accuracy was 54.2%.In other 9 cases(37.5%) could not display the signal and extent of the lesions,but they could be confirmed by transverse、coronary or sagittal DWI 、ADC.Moreover there were 2 cases(8.3%) who were indicated accurately the diagnosis by coronary、sagittal DWI 、ADC.Conclusion Multidirectional DWI and ADC could show the location of lesions in the lower brainstem so the multidirectional DWI and ADC scan could be an excellent method for the diagnosis of the brainstem infarction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Dacryocystitis ; surgery ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult