Objective To investigate the neuromuscular blocking effects and clinical pharmacology of different dosage of mivacurium chloride in infants during sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods Forty ASA I infants undergoing sevoflurane general anesthesia were randomly assigned to tow groups according to the dose level of mivacurium: group1: 200 μg/kg ( n =20) and group2: 250 μg/kg ( n =20) . TOFs were determined synchronously. The onset time of mivacurium, recovery time of spontaneous breathing and cardiovascular reactions were measured. Results The onset time was significantly shortened in group 2 compared with group 1 (P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the recovery time of spontaneous breathing between the two groups. 2 minutes after mivacurium was injected, DBP in group 2 decreased significantly compared with baseline and group 1. 3 minutes after mivacurium was injected,SBP in group 2 decreased significantly compared with baseline and group 1. Conclusion In infants undergoing sevoflurane general anesthesia, the onset time of mivacurium can be shortened when 250μg/kg was administered,but the depression of cardiovascular system may occurr simultaneously.

Objective To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginkgo biloba extract 761 on disused skeletal muscle atrophy by observing its effects on the wet weight, protein content and contraction of the gastrocnemius of fixed hindlimb in rats. Methods 24 SD rats were divided into blank group, contrast group and experimental group. Their right hind limbs were fixed for 4 weeks with plastic plaster from metatarsus to 1 cm up the knee. The knee joint was fixed in 100? flexion and the ankle joint in 60? plantar flexion. Rats in the contrast group were perfused with 3mL distilled water, and rats in the experimental group were perfused with ginkgo biloba extract 761 (120 mg/kg, 14 mg/mL). The whole gastrocnemius muscle of the right hindlimb was dissected 4 weeks later to measure its contract tension, wet weight and protein content. Results Compared with the blank group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, wet weight and protein content of the gastrocnemius muscle in the contrast and experimental groups decreased significantly (P

Objective:To establish the industry standard for growth hormone quantitative labelling immunoassay kit, and to validate it by chemiluminescence labeling and time-resolved fluorescence labeling method which are suitable for the standard.Methods: Different assay method kits, including magnetic particle chemiluminescent assay, electrochemiluminescence assay, chemiluminescence assay and time-resolved fluorescent assay, were used to verified the blank limitation, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and stability in accordance with protocol industry standard.Results: Other verification results could meet requirements of the protocol industry standard besides accuracy in part of kits couldn't achieve to anticipative remand (relative deviation couldn't be more than ±10%).Conclusion: According to the verification results, the accuracy requirements was adjusted to ±15%. The other items of industry standard were maintained. The industry standard for growth hormone quantitative labeling immunoassay kit is ultimately established. The standard would contribute to unity quality standard of growth hormone quantitative labeling immunoassay kit, and provide the basis for the supervision and administration of its production, examination, circulation, clinical application and other areas.

BackgroundThe effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on public health have attracted wide attentions.The association of the thermal effect of ELF-EMFs with cancer and ocular tissue damage has been of concern.However,the pathological changes of scleral tissue after exposure to ELF-EMFs as well as the relationship between these changes and myopia are still poorly understood.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the molecular pathological changes of human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs) after exposure to ELF-EMFs in vitro and to explore the possible mechanism in the occurrence and development of myopia.MethodsHFSFs were cultured and passaged and then exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields,and HFSFs that did not receive the irradiation of ELF-EMFs were used as the control group.The expression of collagen type Ⅰ (COL1A1 ) mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA in cultured HFSFs were detected by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) under different magnetic field intensites (0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0 mT) and different exposure time (0,6,12,24,36,48 hours).Cell proliferation assay of HFSFs was detected by the cell counting kit 8 ( CCK8 ) assay.The expression levels of COL1 A1 and MMP-2 proteins in HFSFs were further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Results The expression of COL1A1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated under the exposure of 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 6 hours,in comparison with the control group;moreover,it decreased in parallel with the increased of flux density (0.099±0.008 vs.0.050±0.004) (P =0.009 ).The expression of MMP-2mRNA was up-regulated conspicuously after exposure to 0.1 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours,and it increased with exposure time in comparison with the control group ( 0.009 ±0.001 vs.0.018±0.003 ) ( P =0.038 ).Proliferation of HFSFs (A450) was inhibited following the exposure to 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours in comparison with the control group (P =0.009 ).The expression of COL1 A1 in the experimental group was decreased,compared with the control group,but the expression of MMP-2 was increased.ConclusionsELF-EMFs inhibit the proliferation of HFSFs and expression of COL1 A1 in HFSFs,which might be one of the reasons for the development of myopia.

BACKGROUND: The source of conspecific heart transplantation organ is very limited and deficiency becomes more and more obvious.OBJECTIVE: To observe the mechanical properties of ascending aorta at one-dimensional loading between healthy persons and swine of different months, so as to provide necessary biomechanical experimental basis for anastomosing blood vessel in heterogeneic heart transplantation from swine to human.DESIGN: Open design SETTING: Staff Room of Anatomy, Yunyang Medical College MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Biomechanics, Yunyang Medical College from April 2002 to July 2003.Ascending aortas of human were obtained from the 6 adult male corpses without cardiovascular diseases, aged 18 to 30 years, who died for accident and donated by Yunyang Medical College. Totally 42 conspecific swine of 1 month old, with certification number of QN0202, were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Yunyang Medical College. They were raised with common foodstuff. The 42 swine were butchered respectively at 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 months, 6 swine once. After anatomical isolation and in situ measurement of respective in vivo length, ascending aorta from aorta valve ring base plane to initiation part of innominate artery was taken out (Artherosclerosis was not presented in all the samples) and divided into five equal segments, and the second and fourth segments were used for mechanical test of one-dimensional loading.METHODS: Six adult male corpses and ascending aorta of 42 swine of 1 to 7 months were performed mechanical test of one-dimensional loading.All the blood segments were pre-treated ten times with the same strain rate at room temperature 32 ℃(loading range from 0 to 0.5 N). Hysteresis disappeared after blood vessel was given periodic permanent loading and unloading, and repeated force-deformed data were obtained. Blood vessel was given loading and unloading once with the same loading range and strain rate. The recorded force-deformed data were used for computer analysis. Force and displacement were scaled with standard weight and percentage scale at the end of each time. Constant α and elastic modulus Dt/dλ were fitted from experimental data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the mechanical characteristic constant of ascending aorta at one-dimensional loading be tween human and swine of different months. ② Comparison of elastic mod ulus of ascending aorta at one -dimensional loading between human and swine of different months .RESULTS: ① Comparison of the mechanical characteristic constant of ascending aorta at one-dimensional loading between human and swine of different months: With the increase of month, although the material con stant of blood vessel of swine had a little increase, there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). The mechanical material constant of ascending aorta at one-dimensional loading of human was basically familiar to that of swine of 1 to 7 months (P ＞ 0.05). ② Comparison of elastic modulus of ascend ing aorta at one -dimensional loading between human and swine of differ ent months: With the increase of months, elastic modulus of ascending aorta was significantly increased in swine of 7 months old in comparison with that in other months old (P ＜ 0.05); there was no significant difference of elastic modulus of corresponding blood vessel between human and swine of different months (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in mechanical characteristic constant and elastic modulus of ascending aorta between human and swine of 1 to 7 months. Mechanical characteristics of corresponding blood vessel were similar in some segments at least. From the mechanical angle, anastomosis of corresponding ascending aorta in the process of heterogeneic heart transplantation from swine to human has certain feasibility.

A total of 120 patients with Ⅲ/Ⅳ degree hemorrhoids were randomly divided into 3 groups.Self-made drainage(A group),traditional device(B group)and stuffing(C group) were used at the end of operation.The patient postoperative complications and satisfaction were observed and compared.The results showed that postoperative abdominal distension,pain,medical dressing dampness and satisfaction were better in A group than those in B and C groups(all P ＜0.01).Postoperative abdominal distention in B group was lighter than that in C group and medical dressing dampness less in C group than that in B group (all P ＜ 0.01).Thus the self-made drainage device may reduce the levels of postoperative abdominal distension,pain and medical dressing dampness and increase postoperative patient satisfaction.

Objective To evaluate the surgical technique in ventricular septal defect(VSD)associated with aortic valve insufficiency(AI)patients.Methods 115 VSD patients associated with AI were retrospectively analyzed.96 patients belong subarterial to VSD,membranous defect in 19 cases.Moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest in all cases.Direct closure of the VSD was undertaken in 16 cases and other cases repaired with patches.Aortic valvuloplasty in 92 cases.and 5 patients underwent aortic valve replacement.The other 18 cases were directly repaired the VSD with patches.Results The results of surgical treatment is satisfactory.In the 4 months to 2 years follow up,10 patients died,NYHA cardic function 72 cases is Ⅰ,31 is Ⅱ and 2 is Ⅲ.Conclusion Early and concomitant surgical treatment ventricular septal defect associated with aortic valve insufficiency can obtain an ideal results.

Objective To describe the clinical feature ,therapeutic approach and prognosis of histoplasmosis for improving clinicians’ awareness of this disease .Methods The clinical data of 7 cases of histoplasmosis treated in Shanghai Huashan Hospital from 2001 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively .Relevant reports about histoplasmosis from 2001 to 2014 in Chinese mainland were comprehensively reviewed .Results The major clinical manifestations of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis included fever ,hepatosplenomegaly ,lymphadenopathy ,and pancytopenia .Skin lesions and pancytopenia were more common in the patients complicated with HIV/AIDS .The patients with local infection were lack of systemic symptoms or signs . Histological examination found Histoplasmacapsulatum in macrophages in bone marrow or biopsy tissues .Amphotericin B was used most frequently to treat histoplasmosis .Itraconazole was appropriate in mild patients .Conclusions Histoplasmosis is caused by H .capsulatum .The golden standard of diagnosis is any culture positive for H .capsulatum .Antifungal treatments such as amphotericin B and itraconazole are very important .

Objective To approach the clinical effect of cefoperazone sulbactam associated with tigecycline for treatment of patients with severe pulmonary infection caused by pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods Retrospectively,the treatments of 88 patients with sepsis and pulmonary infection caused by pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii admitted in ICU from January,2011 to June,2013 were analyzed,among them antibiotics were used for 82 patients,and the rest 6 patients did not use antibiotics because of family refusal or abandonment of therapy. The patients having used antibiotics were divided into three groups:A group(27 patients)received cefoperazone sulbactam,B group(30 patients)received cefoperazone sulbactam associated with amikacin,and C group(25 patients)received cefoperazone sulbactam associated with tigecycline, antimicrobial treatment being for 7-15 days. The venous blood was collected to determine the changes in white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)before and after therapy. The rate of bacteriological efficiency,successful weaning of mechanical instrument,28-day mortality rate and clinical efficacy were observed after therapy in three groups. Results Before therapy,the comparisons of levels of WBC,CRP and PCT among three groups were of no statistically significant difference(all P>0.05),and they were decreased obviously after therapy in three groups among which they were decreased most significantly in C group〔WBC(×109/L):17.01±5.35 vs. 20.40±6.54,18.28±6.41;CRP(mg/L):64.6±8.4 vs. 68.3±12.7,70.0±13.4;PCT(μg/L):20.84±7.26 vs. 36.14±10.12,52.66±13.47,P<0.05〕. The rates of bacteriological efficiency and successful weaning in C group were increased more significantly than those in either A or B groups after therapy(bacteriological efficiency:76.00%vs. 44.44%,46.67%,χ2=9.750,P=0.006;rate of successful weaning:72.00%vs. 40.74%, 43.33%,χ2=12.083,P=0.009),and 28-day mortality rate in C group was much lower than those in A and B groups (24.00% vs. 48.15%,36.67%,χ2=11.510,P=0.030). The total clinical efficiency in C group was much higher than those in A and B groups(76.00%vs. 44.44%,46.67%,both P<0.05). Conclusion Cefoperazone sulbactam associated with tigecycline has significant clinical therapeutic effect in patients with pulmonary infection caused by pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in ICU,as it can decrease inflammatory reaction,increase the rates of successful weaning and survival.

OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical and etiologic characteristics of indwelling venous catheter-related infection(CRI) in artificial liver support system(ALSS)-treated patients and explore the measures of prevention and treatment.METHODS Bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were performed in cusp of catheters after being pulled out and the peripheral blood in liver failure patients.RESULTS Sixty four strains were isolated including 56 Gram-positive strains,2 Gram-negative strains and 6 fungi ones,respectively.The most frequent organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis which had high sensitivity to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The most effective measure is removing catheters in time,and vancomycin is the most optimal agent for CRI.