Objective The study discussed the underlying mechanism of the impact of perceived social support on individual learning behavior from the perspective of the psychosocial impact theory .Methods 224 students majored in public management were involved ,and the dada was collected by questionnaires ,then the conceptual model was tested by moderate effect sequence of statistical analysis .Results The findings were as follows :Firstly ,perceived social support had a significant effect on individual learning behavior (β=0 .332 ,P<0 .01) .Secondly ,the relationship between perceived social support and individual learning behavior was moderated by self efficacy (β= -0 .216 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Perceived social support and self efficacy have moderate effect on individual learning behavior .

Objective To observe the effects of one kind of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE1) drugs fosinopril (FOS) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and β1- integrin( Itg-31 ) expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by lipopolysacchatide (LPS).Methods We established the cultured glomerular mesangial cells of rat in vitro and passages 3 ～ 10 of cells were used in the experiment after identification.The experiment included the following groups:Control group,LPS induced group (LPS group) and FOS intervened group.According to the different concentrations of FOS,FOS intervened group was divided into high,middle and low dose FOS groups,which were FOS1 group,FOS2 group and FOS3 group respectively.The changes of TGF-β1 protein secretion was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay; The changes of TGF-β1 and Itg-β1 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results (1) TGF-β1protein secretion in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points:They were 958.55 ± 34.67 ( ng/L),1052.05 ±48.59( ng/L),1166.06 + 35.39 (ng/L) respectively in Control group.They were 1342.12 + 39.87 ( ng/L),1432.31 + 39.33 (ng/L) and 1 537.77 + 43.79 (ng/L) respectively in LPS group,which were higher significantly than those in Control group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).They were 779.58 ± 48.64 ( ng/L),878.33 ± 29.50 (ng/L) and 962.57 ±31.94( ng/L) in FOS1 group,989.311±73.56(ng/L),1073.29±66.89(ng/L) and 1210.75 ±61.68(ng/L) in FOS2 group,1 253.78 ±45.32( ng/L),1 348.18 ±45.81 (ng/L) and 1450.06 ±46.24( ng/L) in FOS3 group respectively,which were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group (all P＜O.01).(2)TGF-β1 mRNA expressions in rat GMC at6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.( 3 ) Itg-β1 mRNA expressiones in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.Itg-β1 expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.Conclusions LPS can induce the increase of TGF-β1 secretion and mRNA expression.FOS can inhibit the TGF-β1 secrection and mRNA expession in GMC as dose-dependent manner,at the same time down regulated the Itg-β1 mRNA expression iuduced by LPS.All above supply the theoretical evidence for the renal protection of FOS by non-hemodynamics mechanism.

In order to investigate the inhibitory effects of Endostar (rh-endostatin, YH-16) in combination with radiotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma A549 in mice and the interaction mechanisms of combined therapy, the transplantation tumor models of A549 lung adenocarcinoma were established. When the largest diameter of tumor reached 1.0 cm, all nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Endostar group, radiotherapy group, radiotherapy plus Endostar (combined treatment) group, and control group (n=6 in each group). The largest diameter and the vertical diameter of tumor were measured at different time points. At the 16th day, mice were executed, and the tumors were applied to analysis of rate of tumor cell apoptosis, and the expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and those of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the rate of tumor inhibition in combined treatment group was higher than that in other groups. And the rate of tumor cell apoptosis in combined treatment group was also higher than that in other groups. Meanwhile, the levels of bFGF mRNA and VEGF expression in combined treatment group were lower than those in other groups. It was concluded that Endostar obviously enhanced the curative effectiveness of radiotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma A549 in mice. The underlying mechanisms may involve the down-regulation of bFGF mRNA and VEGF expression to inhibit angiogenesis by Endostar and the cooperative effect of Endostar and radiotherapy to synergistically promote tumor cell apoptosis. And Endostar inhibits angiogenesis by down-regulating the expression of bFGF mRNA and VEGF.

Objective To explore the effects of impaired glucose metabolism and impaired blood lipoprotein metabolism on heart rate variability(HRV) in aged male hypertension patients and to have an insight into the correlation between the years of impaired glucose metabolism and the patients’ HRV. Methods 120 male subjects were divided into three groups: simple hypertension patients (group A, 40 people), hypertension patients with diabetes mellitus (group B, 40 people), and hypertension patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired blood lipoprotein metabolism (group C, 40 people). All subjects had 24h recordings of ECG. The data of HRV time domain were collected and analyzed to gain an insight into the effects of the impaired glucose metabolism and impaired blood lipoprotein metabolism on patients’ HRV. In group C, patients were divided into normal TC subgroup and high TC subgroup according to the index of TC (TC

Objective To establish uremic atherosclerosis models in apoE~(-/-) mice and evaluate its feasibility.Methods Totally 70 6-week-old male apoE~(-/-) mice were randomized into 2 groups,uremic group(n=35) and nonuremic control group(n=35).All mice were fed with a Western diet.Uremic group mice underwent partial kidney ablation with electrocoagulation of right renal cortex followed by left total nephrectomy in 2 weeks later and control animals underwent sham operation.Serum levels of urea,total cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed at 0,2,4,6 and 8 weeks after the first surgery.The cross-section surface area of the lesion and the lesion area fraction were assessed.Results At 6 weeks after nephrectomy,the level of serum urea in chronic renal failure(CRF) mice was 188.3% higher than that of control mice,and total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were increased by 40.8% and 29.8% than those of nonuremic controls,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate on NF-κB p65,inflammatory cyto-kines in brain and serum of preeclampsia model rats by magnesium sulfate. Methods The healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,normal pregnancy group(n = 10),magnesium sulfate control group(n = 10), preeclampsia(PE)model group(n = 10)and magnesium sulfate intervention group(n = 10). Blood pressure, urinary protein,blood urea nitrogen and alanine aminotransferase levels were detected in rats in each group. RT-qP-CR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of IL-1β,TNF-αand IL-6 in the brain and serum. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of the NF-κB p65 in brain. Results The level of proteinuria,blood urea nitrogen and blood pressure in PE model rats were significantly higher than those in the normal pregnancy group and those in the magnesium sulfate intervention group at 20 days of gestation(P<0.05). Results of RT-qPCR and ELISA assay showed that IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 level in magnesium sulfate intervention group were sig-nificantly lower than those in PE model group(P<0.05),but still higher than those in the normal pregnancy group (P < 0.05). Western blot result showed that NF-κB p65 in the magnesium sulfate intervention group was lower than that in the PE group(P<0.05),but still higher than that in the normal pregnancy group(P<0.05). Con-clusion The prevention and treatment preeclampsia mechanism of magnesium sulfate may inhibit inflammatory cyto-kines through NF-κB p65 pathway in the preeclampsia model rats.

Objective To explore the significance of interleukin -35 (IL -35)in serum of patients with severe hepatitis.Methods Collected 39 cases of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and severe hepatitis,and col-lected 19 cases of healthy control's(HC)peripheral blood at the same time.ELISA method was used to detect IL -35 levels.Results IL -35 in CHB and severe hepatitis group [(483.5 ±280.7)ng/mL and (277.9 ±248.7)ng/mL] were higher than HC group (50.5 ±47.8)ng/mL(t =2.089,3.303,P =0.044,0.002).In severe hepatitis group, the IL -35 levels in survivors group (305.3 ±301.2)ng/mL was higher than death group (78.7 ±33.2)ng/mL (P =0.012).IL -35 was positively correlated with ALT and AST,the correlation coefficient were 0.649 and 0.599. Conclusion IL -35 is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B process,the low serum IL -35 levels in severe hepatitis patients may herald a bad prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,treatment,prognosis and causative agent of a case of eumycetoma on the submaxilla.Methods A case of eumycetoma diagnosed in our department was assessed for its clinical and pathological features as well as mycologic and molecular identification.Related literature was reviewed.Results The patient was primarily characterized by swelling of the submaxilla,with multiple sinuses draining many black granules.Pathologic examination revealed a pyogenic granulomatous inflammation,and a number of lotus rhizome node-like hypha were observed in tissue samples through PAS staining.Sequence analysis of multiple loci of the isolates,including ITS 1,ITS2 and D1/D2,showed that it was mostly similar to Madurella mycetomatis with a homology of 97%.Conclusion This is a case ofeumycetoma on the submaxilla induced by a novel species of Madurella.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genotype, epidemic pattern and the characteristics of the disease of enteroviruses during the epidemic season of hand, foot and mouth disease (HMFD) in children from 2013 to 2014 in Beijing to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of HFMD.

METHODDuring April to September in 2013 and March to October in 2014, a total of 977 throat swabs were collected from children who visited the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, including 147 from patients with HFMD in 2013, 343 with HFMD, 201 with atypical HFMD, 83 with herpangina, 25 with fever with convulsions, 64 fever with rash and 114 with rash in 2014. Enteroviruses universal type (EV), Enteroviruses type 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus group A 16 (CA16) were detected by real-time RT-PCR respectively. The nucleic acid of specimens which were identified with non-EV71, non-CA16 was tested by nested PCR and analyzed by VP1 sequencing. The detection rate and epidemic pattern of different genotypes of enterovirus were analyzed among different age groups and between 2013 and 2014.

RESULTOf 977 throat swabs, 80. 1% samples were detected positive for enteroviruses. The positive rates of CA16, EV71, CA6, CA10, CA4 and other EVs were 25. 6% (250/977), 18. 9% (185/977), 20. 0% (195/977), 5. 0% (49/977), 1.5% (15/977) and 9.1% (89/977), respectively. Twenty six of the 89 other EVs included CA2, CA5, CA8, CA9, CA12, CA14, CB2, CB5, E6, E9 and E25, each genotype of which was no more than 3. The nucleotide homologies shared among CA6, CA10 and CA4 strains between 2013 and 2014 were 94. 3% - 100%, 93. 8% - 99. 1% and 92.7% - 99. 8%, respectively. The positive rates of ≤1 year group were 71. 1% (106/149), which was lower than that of other age groups (all P <0. 05), but similar to that of >5 year group (χ2 =1. 181,P = 0. 277). In 2013, the positive rate of EV was 85. 7% (126/147) and the predominant genotype was CA6 54. 8% (69/126), followed by CA16 20. 6% (26/126) and EV71 11. 9% (15/126). In 2014, the positive rate of EV was 85. 4% (293/343) in the 343 children with HFMD, the predominant genotypes were CA16 with the positive rate of 42. 7% (125/293), EV71 with 38. 2% (112/293) and CA6 with only 11. 3% (33/293). In 2014, the positive rates of EV in 201 atypical HFMD, 83 herpangina, 25 fever with convulsions, 64 fever with rash and 114 rash were 83. 6% (168/201), 80. 7% (67/83), 76. 0% (19/25), 64. 1% (41/64) and 60. 5% (69/114), respectively. All genotypes of enteroviruses peaked mainly during May to August every year, but there were no obvious epidemiological pattern about each genotype.

CONCLUSIONCA6 became the main causative agent of HFMD in 2013, however, CA16 and EV71 predominated again in 2014 in Beijing. The clinical manifestations caused by CA6, CA10, CA4 and other genotype of enteroviruses differed from EV71 and CA16. Besides EV71 and CA16, more attention should be paid to CA6, CA10, CA4 and other type of enteroviruses.

Beijing ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Genotype ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To investigate the etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children in spring and summer from 2007 to 2008 in Beijing and the characteristics of the disease by virus isolation and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment for HFMD. Methods During April to August, 2007 and May to September, 2008, 356 clinical specimens including 255 throat swabs and 101 vesicle fluids were collected from 256 patients with HFMD who visited the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics and children with severe HFMD with neural system complications from Ditan Hospital and Youan Hospital All of the specimens were inoculated into Vero cells for virus isolation. After the cell pathogenic effects (CPE) appeared, the isolates were identified by RT-PCR with the universal primers within 5'untranslated region of enterovirus and typed by specific primers for VP1 gene of EV71 and CA16, respectively. The throat swabs from all of 10 severe HFMD were tested for enterovirus by RT-PCR addition to virus isolation. Results Out of 256 patients, 188 were positive for enterovirus by virus isolation, with the overall positive rate of 73.4%. Among the 356 clinical specimens collected from these 256 patients, 239 enterovirus strains were isolated with the overall positive rate of 67.1%. The positive rate for virus isolation from vesicle fluid samples was 75.2% which was higher than the positive rate of isolation from throat swabs (63.9%), but the time for CPE appearing in cell culture showed no significant difference. The positive rate of virus isolation from throat swabs from children with severe HFMD was 50% (5/10) which was lower than overall positive rate (73.4%) from regular HFMD. The RT-PCR typing for virus isolates revealed that among 45 enterevirus strains isolated from the specimens collected in 2007 by the universal primer pairs, 43 were CAI6 (95.6%, 43/45) and 2 were EV71 (4.4%, 2/45), whereas for the specimens collected in 2008, out of 143 enterovirus isolates by PCR with universal primers, 117 were EV71 (82.4%, 117/142) and 24 were CA16 (16.8%, 24/142). All of 10 severe cases were positive for EV71 by RT-PCR directly from clinical specimens. Conclusion CA16 and EVT1 were the etiological pathogens of HFMD in Beijing during 2007 to 2008 HFMD seasons. The dominant type of enterovirus was different between 2007 and 2008. Enterovirus type CA16 was predominant in 2007, whereas EV71 was predominant in 2008. All of severe cases of HFMD in children in this study were caused by EV71.