As an endogenous organism protective measure in vivo, preconditioning/ postconditioning in the process of ischemia/reperfusion may play common protective mechanisms, such as reducing the generation of oxygen free radicals, activating adenosine receptor, increasing endogenous nitric oxide and heat shock protein, inhibiting immune inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, activating intracellular signal transduction pathways, opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels, as veil as closing mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Investigating the common target of these mechanisms may provide a new theoretical basis for developing new drugs and reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF) is an important transcript factor in sensing the concentration of O2 in cell and regulating the adaptation to hypoxia.HIF is consist of two subunits called ? and ? with ? as an oxygen-sensitive unit and ? as a constitutively expressed unit.The activity of HIF is regulated by both pVHL/proteasomal destruction system and non pVHL/proteasomal destruction system.Because the brain is the most oxygen-sensitive organ,use of HIF may be a potential application in treating cerebral ischemia disease.Yet HIF is reported to have both neuroprotective and proapoptotic functions in cerebral ischemia,which makes the application of HIF more complicated.This review will discuss the possible function and mechanism of HIF in cerebral ischemia,and the possible application of HIF to clinic.

Objective To explore the microRNA expression changes and related characteristics and analyze the corresponding miRNA target genes and their bioinformatics in colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.Methods The fresh specimens of primary CRC were collected in 10 patients during operation,with liver metastasis or without.The miRNA expression levels were compared by miRNA microarray between two groups.Then,target genes were identified using target prediction algorithms.The liver metastasis related miRNA-target networks and gene ontology (GO) bioinformatics analysis were further performed.Results A total of six dysregulated miRNAs were identified in colorectal cancer liver metastasis comparing with no metastasis,including 3 up-regulated miRNAs (miR-224,miR-1236,miR-622) and 3 downregulated miRNAs (miR-155,miR-342-5p,miR-363).miR-224 with most significantly up-regulation played regulation role not only with corresponding target-genes but also downstream genes.Conclusions As a core of the regulation networks,miR-224 can regulate the related gene functional groups simultaneously and asynchronously.It further implements the post-transcriptional regulation and plays a vital role in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene in breast cancer cell line and its effect on biologic characteristics.Methods The normal PTEN expression cell line MDA-MB-231 (M231) was used in this study.PTEN-shRNA plasmid was transected into M231 breast cancer cells to knock down the expression of PTEN.The changes of PTEN expression,proliferation,invasion and metastasis of PTEN knocked down cell were tested by RT-PCR,Western blot,CCK-8,scratch and Transwell.Results PTEN-shRNA was successfully transected into M231 cells.PTEN mRNA and protein expression was efficiently inhibited in M231-3001 cell lines than that in control group M231-scr(P ＜ 0.01),M231-3001 cell lines showed a greater capability of colony formation,migration and invasion than that in control group M231-scr (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PTEN,as a suppression gene,its low expression can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.

Aim To investigate the effects of paeonol(Pae)in inhibiting the proliferation of HT-29 cell and probe into the possible molecule mechanism by quantitative and qualitative assay.Methods The inhibited rate and apoptotic rate of HT-29 cells were measured quantitatively by MTT assay.We were trying to find out the possible mechanism through the morphologic observation on paeonol-processed HT-29 cell line by TUNEL assay and immunocytochenical method.Results Pae,in the concentration of 0.024～1.504 ?mol?L~(-1),inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells in vitro,which showed obvious concentration-effect relationship;The inhibited rate of HT-29 cells was also increased when Pae(0.024～1.504 ?mol?L~(-1))was treated for 24,48,72 and 96 h,which showed obvious time-effect relationship.After treated with the concentration of 1.504 ?mol?L~(-1),the apoptotic rate of HT-29 cells significantly increased,which showed significant difference compared with control;We examined all the experimental groups by flow cytometry,which showed that sub-G_1 peak appeared before G_1 period and the cells in S period increased,while the cells in G_1、G_2 period decreased,the apoptotic rate of HT-29 cells gradually increased along with the increasing of paeonol concentration.The apoptotic rate in experimental groups vs control has significant difference(P

Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Prostaglandins E ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design

Chemical constituents of 95% ethanol extract of the dried persistent calyx of Physalis pubescens were investigated. By chromatography on a silica gel column and reverse-phase preparative HPLC, 10 compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction. Based on the MS and 1D/2D NMR data, these compounds were identified as 5-O-(E-feruloyl) blumenol (1), isovanillin (2), (E) -ethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylate (3), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(4), 4-methylphenol (5), (E) -methyl cinnamate (6), 7,3',4' trimethoxyquercetin (7), 5,3', 5'-trihydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone(8), danielone (9), and 5,5'-diisobutoxy-2,2'-bifuran (10).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Physalis ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVE:To study the preventive effect of Lonicera japonica alcohol extract on mice with liver injury based on metabolomics method. METHODS:30 mice were equally randomized into a normal control (isometric normal saline) group,a model(isometric normal saline)group and a group of L. japonica alcohol extract(2 g/kg). The mice were given drugs by ig once a day for 14 consecutive days. On the 8th day of administration,the models were established by giving 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMN,10 ml/kg)ip once a day for 7 consecutive days. Gas chromatography-mass spectrum(GC-MS)was used to analyze 24 h total ions chromatogram of the urine sample on the 1st,3rd,5th and 7th day of administration of drugs and DMN. The change in endogenic small molecule metabolites in urine was observed. Principal component analysis was employed to explore the change in the metabolite chromatogram and underlying biomarkers in urine. RESULTS:The contour of the chromatogram changed to a largest extent 1 to 5 d after given DMN,but showed an obvious trend towards regression 7 days thereafter. DMN resulted in increase in the contents of 8-phenyl-8-azbicyclo-[4,3,0]non-3-ene-7,9-dione,2-(6-heptynyl)-1,3 dioxolane,bis-(O-methyloxime)-4-ketoglu-cose,and decrease in the contents of malonic acid,2-(4- chlorophenylthiomethoxyl)ethyl,tetrahydro-2-furanacetaldehyde,D-ga-lactose,erythro-pentonic acid and galacturonic acid,in endogenic small molecule metabolites in mouse urine,for which Lonicera japonica alcohol extract can improve that. CONCLUSIONS:Previous administration of L. japonica alcohol extract ig has preven-tive effect to some extent on the physiological and metabolic conditions of mice with liver injury induced by DMN.

AIMTo analyze sequences of the nuclear ribosomal RNA small subunit (18S rRNA) gene and the chloroplast matK gene of crude drug Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in order to provide molecular evidence for identification of Patchouli drug.

METHODSTo sequence the entire 18S rRNA gene and partial matK gene of Patchouli from Guangzhou and its substitute Wrinkled Gianthyssop (Agastache rugosa) from Sichuan using PCR direct sequencing and to detect the homology of two gene sequences between these two crude drugs.

RESULTSThe complete 18S rRNA gene sequence is 1,805 bp in length for Patchouli from Guangzhou whereas 1,794 bp for Wrinkled Gianthyssop from Sichuan. The 3'-end sequence of matK gene is 521 bp (747-1,268 nt from upstream of matK gene) for these two crude drugs. Based on multiple sequence alignment, it is found that there are 18 variable sites and 11 aligned gap sites in 18S rRNA sequence, 49 variable sites in 3'-matK sequence between these two crude drugs. The homology is 98.4% for 18S rRNA and 90.6% for 3'-matK between two crude drugs, respectively.

CONCLUSIONDNA sequencing can provide an accurate and reliable tool in the crude drug identification of Patchouli and its substitute Wrinkled Gianthyssop.

Agastache ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Lamiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Stems ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; analysis ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Species Specificity

Objective To study the detection rate of early esophageal carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy,and to evaluate the relationship between the imaging patterns of microvasculature change and his- tological diagnosis.Methods Two hundred and fourteen patients with esophageal mucosa roughness,ero- sion,plaque,abnormal color and indentation in conventional endoscopy and 16 healthy volunteers were en- rolled.The magnifying endoscopy images were graded as four patterns by intraepithelial papillary capillary loop(IPCL)changes after iodine dyeing.The biopsies underwent pathologic evaluation.The comparison be- tween the imaging patterns of endoscopy and histological diagnosiswas was evaluated.Results 80.4%(90/ 112)esophagitis was type 2,and 85.7%(12/14)early esophageal carcinoma was type 3 and type 4.The difference was significant between early esophageal carcinoma and normal mueosa(?~2=27.32,P