Objective To investigate the effects of substrate stiffness on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC) during dengue virus infection.Methods Polyacrylamide gels were prepared for cell culture [(0±4) kPa].The proliferation of HUVEC cultured on substrates with differ-ent stiffness was determined by using 3-(4,5-diethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-etrazolium,inner salt ( MTS) assay.The cycle and apoptosis of HUVEC were determined by flow cytometry analysis.Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) strains were propagated and identified by con-ventional assays.The HUVEC were infected with DENV-2 strains at a MOI of 10 and cultured on traditional plastic and hydrogel substrates, respectively.The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by nitric acid reductase assay and double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results Young′s modulus E value of the hydrogels was (3030 ±0.44) Pa.The proliferation of HUVEC and the expression of NO and ET-1 were enhanced along the increased substrate stiffness.However, no significant differences with the cell cycle and apoptosis were observed between cells cultured on different substrates.Conclusion The stiffness of substrates affected not only the proliferation of HUVEC, but also the release of cytokines during DENV-2 infection.The development of dengue fever was associated with the decreased secretion of vascular active substances as a result of blood vessel injury.The establishment of hydrogel substrates as the model of vascu-lar basement membranes might provide a new way for the in vitro investigation of the pathogenesis of DENV infection.

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To analyze the effects of dengue virus 2 ( DENV-2 ) infection on the ex-pression of IL-29 in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) cultured on hydrogel sub-strates .Methods Primary HUVECs were isolated and cultured on hydrogel substrates .DENV-2 stains were used to infect the primary HUVECs at a multiplicity of infection( MOI) of 10.Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the apoptosis and infection rate of HUVECs after 48 hours of culturing .The gene chip profiling was performed to analyze mRNA expression .The expression of IL-29 at mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis and double antibody sandwich ELISA as -say, respectively.Results Compared with 96.36%of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells that were infected with DENV-2 stains, only 4.71%primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates were infected .The pri-mary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates with or without DENV-2 infection showed no significant differ-ences with the rates of cell apoptosis and infection (P>0.05).A significant difference was observed with the expression of IL-29 at mRNA level between primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates and the cells cultured in plastic bottles (P<0.05).The results of the real-time quantitative PCR analysis and ELISA as-say showed that IL-29 was highly expressed in DENV-2 infected primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel sub-strates as compared with those in control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of IL-29 was de-tected in DENV-2 infected primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates , which was significantly differ-ent from that in DENV-2 infected primary HUVECs cultured in plastic bottles .The successful establishment of hydrogel substrates as the model of vascular basement membranes might provide a new way for the investi -gation of the pathogenesis of DENV infection .

Objective To compare the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway-Advance (ALMA) and laryngeal mask airway-Supreme (S-LMA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy,were randomly divided into2 groups (n=120 each):group S-LMA (group S) and group A-LMA (group A).LMA was inserted after induction of general anesthesia with propofol 2.0-2.5 mg/kg,sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg.After LMA was placed,the rim was immediately inflated and positive pressure was applied to the reservoir bag of anesthesia machine circuit to check for leaks.The plateau pressure at which leaks occurred was recorded.BP,HR,SpO2,PErCO2 and Ppeak were monitored during operation.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and the placement was scored (0 =unable to see the vocal cords and the ventilation of the lungs was inadequate,4=vocal cords were clearly seen and ventilation was adequate).The rate of successful placement,placement time,the incidence of leaks during operation,duration of anesthesia and surgery,extubation time,emergence time,blood stain on the LMA after being removed,backflow after extubation and postoperatve complacations including sore throat,hoarseness and dysphagia were recorded.The efficacy for airway management and the difficulty of placement were scored.Results There was no significant difference in the rate of successful placement,difficulty of placement scores,blood stain on the LMA after being removed,incidence of backflow,sore throat,hoarseness and dysphogia,anesthesia time,duration of surgery,extubation time and emergence time between the two groups.The placement time was shorter in group S than in group A,but the airway sealing pressure,FOB scores and efficacy for airway management scores were significantly higher and the incidence of leaks during operation was significantly lower in group A than in group S.Conclusion Both A-LMA and S-LMA can provide adequate ventilation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The efficacy of A-LMA is better.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes of swing shoulder and internal fixation in treating proximal humeral fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2007 to June 2012, totally 89 elderly patients with humeral proximal fractures were treated by swing of shoulder or internal fixation, and 81 patients were followed up. In swing shoulder group, there were 38 patients including 13 males and 25 females aged from 62 to 84 with an average of (67.11±6.18) years old; 27 cases were 2-part fractures and 11 cases were 3-part fractures according to Neer classfication. In internal fixation group, there were 43 patients including 16 males and 27 females aged from 60 to 80 with an average of (66.47±5.48) years old; and 29 cases were 2-part fractures and 14 cases were 3-part fractures according to Neer classfication. VAS score and complications were compared between two groups after treatment, and Constant-Murley functional scoring was used to evaluate shoulder function of patients.

RESULTSEighty-one patients were followed up from 13 to 26 months with an average of 18.3 months. There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS score between two groups. After treatment, VAS score in swing shoulder group was (3.11±0.95), and (3.88±1.14) in internal fixation group, and had significant difference between two groups (t=-3.313,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Constant-Murley scores between swing shoulder group (79.53±3.73) and internal fixation group (77.98±4.11) (t=1.768,P>0.05). Postoperative complications in swing shoulder group was 18.4%(7/38), 39.5%(17/43) in internal fixation group, and had significant differences between two groups (χ2=4.313,P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSwing shoulder for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly has advantages of low cost, less complications and good recovery of joint function; while internal fixation has a good therapeutic effect but increased complications.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Fractures ; therapy

Objective To explore the prevalence satate of children in burning coal endemic fluorosis in Zhijin county of Guizhou province, provide the scientific basis for the prevention of skeletal fluorosis.Methods One thousand six hundred and sixteen children in school under 16 years old that were sampled in cluster sampling were examined with dental fluorosis,X-ray in the type of burning coal pollution fluorosis areas of Zhijin county Guizhou province.Results Total prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 96.42%,prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 7.49%, constrictive skeletal fluorosis was main type in Zhijin county Guizhou province.Conclusion Prevalence states of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are still serious, more effectual preventive and control measure shall be used.

OBJECTIVETo study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and transabdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors.

METHODSClinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2.1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with neoplasia and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 cases at stage pTNM I, 5 at IIA, 1 at IIB, 4 at IIIA, 1 at III and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the biological function of SW620 cell.

METHODSMacrophage was induced into M2-type macrophage form with interleukin (IL)-4. CD68, macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed with Western blot. SW620 was co-cultured with TAMs in the Transwell. Cytokines including IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, and tramsforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in SW620 was analyzed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The proliferation and apoptosis of SW620 cells after co-cultured with TAM were determined with tetrazolium four nitrogen (XTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. RESULTS IL-4 induced M2 type macrophage expressed CD68 and MMR instead of iNOS. After co-cultured with SW620 for 24 hours and 48 hours, M2 type macrophage secreted higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β than the pre-culture level (P 0.05). The activity of NF-κB in SW620 decreased by 72% and 75% after 24 hours and 48 hours compared with the pre-culture level, respectively (both P<0.01). The activity of proliferation decreased by 48% and 59% and the apoptotic rates increased by 6.37% and 7.68% and 0.37% after 24 hours and 48 hours (all P<0.01) compared with the pre-culture levels.

CONCLUSIONTAM may inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of SW620 by suppressing the activity of NF-κB.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; physiology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo understand the changing trend of occupational hazard of industries in Shunde area and to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention of occupational diseases.

METHODSThe pre-evaluation of occupational hazard was carried out for the construction projects. The data about employee number scale, industry species, occupational hazard factors, hazard levels and prevention measures for construction projects were collected and analyzed. The data of Shunde Occupational Health Survey in 2011 served as the control data.

RESULTSThere were 258 construction projects in 2010 and 2011, in which the proportions of medium and large scales increased to 8.1% and 2.4% respectively, the proportions of the furniture and chemical industries decreased from 25.6% or/and 5.1% to 2.7% or/and 1.8%, the proportions of the high-tech industries increased from 1.8% to 9.2%. The proportions of the projects with serious, medium and slight occupational hazard levels were 4.3%, 67.8% and 27.9%, respectively. The proportions of the projects with harmful chemicals, dusts and physical factors were 34.2%, 46.8%, 42.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe feature of occupational hazard in Shunde industries has changed at upgrading stage. We should pay attention to the prevention of occupational diseases in high-tech industries.

Construction Industry ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the validity of criteria currently used in China for the classification of symmetric small for gestational age infants (SGA) as compared with its definition.

METHODSThis study included 417 inpatients diagnosed as SGA in authors' hospital from January 1998 to June 2002. Symmetric SGA was diagnosed by the following three criteria: (1) the Ponderal Index (PI), (2) the crown-heel length-to-head circumference ratio (BL/HC) issued in Chin J Pediatr (1988;26:164 - 165), as well as (3) the SGA definition. The definition criterion was considered as the "gold standard". The sensitivity, specificity, false positive and negative values, positive and negative predictive values, exact agreement ratio, diagnosis index, and Cohen's Kappa value were used to evaluate the validity and agreement of the methods of PI and BL/HC. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the diagnosis.

RESULTSOf 417 SGA infants, 376 (90.17%), 376 (90.17%) and 187 (44.84%) subjects were diagnosed as symmetric type with PI, BL/HC and the definition criteria, respectively. (2) The agreement rate and Kappa value between PI and BL/HC was 80.82% and -0.093 (SEM 0.026), respectively. And the agreement rates between PI or BL/HC and the definition criterion were 49.88% and 50.84%, respectively. As compared with the definition criterion, the PI and BL/HC methods had sensitivities of 91.8% - 96.4%, specificities of 9.3% - 25.9%, positive predictive values of 45.8% - 51.1%, negative predictive values of 72.7% - 82.8%, diagnosis indices of 4.9% - 17.7% and Kappa values of 0.070 - 0.167. (3) The areas under the ROC curves in full-term and preterm infants by PI method were 0.635 (95% CI, 0.573 - 0.697) and 0.698 (95% CI, 0.622 - 0.725), respectively. PI cutoffs at 2.47 in full-term SGA, at 2.43 in preterm SGA, and BL/HC cutoff at 1.43 produced the maximum diagnosis indices that were 24.7%, 39.6% and 33.7%, respectively. When the PI at 2.50 (full-term), PI at 2.31 (preterm) and BL/HC values at 1.46, the sensitivity closed mostly to the specificity. The sensitivities and specificities in full-term and preterm infants were 59.4% and 59.3%, 65.3% and 65.5%, and 66.3% and 65.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn the classification of SGA, the results showed a poor agreement between PI or BL/HC and the definition criterion. The results suggested that the current cutoffs of PI and BL/HC might not be appropriate for the diagnosis of symmetric SGA. Low AUC suggested that PI and BL/HC could not give a valid diagnosis at any cutoffs.

Anthropometry ; methods ; Birth Weight ; Body Height ; China ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sex Factors