Objective To investigate the incidence and its related factors of apathy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 100 consecutive cases of ischemic stroke patients and 50 health controls were recruited in the present study. Apathy was assessed using modified apathy evaluation scale (MAES). According to the MAES score, acute ischemic stroke patients were divided into apathy group (MAES was more than 14 points) and non-apathy group. The differences of general information, clinical data, national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), modified rankin scale (mRS) and the lesion location were compared between the two groups. Differences that showed statistical significance (P<0.05) went into the multi-factor analysis. The Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the influence factors of apathy. Results There were 34 cases of apathy in patient group (34.00%), which was significantly higher than those of control group (3 cases of apathy, 6.00%, P<0.001). The age, incidence of diabetes, NIHSS score, HAMD score, lesions in brain stem and multiple lesions were significantly higher in apathy group than that of non-apathy group, while educational level, MoCA score were significantly lower ( P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher MoCA score was a protective factor for apathy, while higher NIHSS score, lesions in brain stem and multiple lesions were risk factors for the incidence apathy. Conclusion The cognitive impairment, severity of neurological deficits, brainstem lesions and multiple lesions may be the risk factors of apathy after the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the content of gastrodine in wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata from different habitats in Guizhou province in order to provide scientific reference for cultivation of G.elata.METHODS: Samples were extracted from G.elata with microwave.RP-HPLC method was used to determine the content of gastrodine in G.elata.RESULTS: The content of gastrodine in wild G.elata was higher than that in cultivated G.elata.The contents of gastrodine in wild G.elata were different from one another while the contents of gastrodine in cultivated G.elata hadn’t obvious differences.CONCLUSION: The quality of wild G.elata is superior to that of cultivated G.elata.The study provide scientific basis for the cultivation of G.elata.

Objectives:To detect telomerase activity in various tumor tissues by PCR-PAGE and PCR-MPH.Methods:We used telomerase PCR-MPH，an assay in which a digoxigenin-labeled telomerase repeat-specific probe was hybridized to the PCR product.After revelation with an anti-digoxin-AKP conjugates,the amount of hybridized probe was determined by optical reading.Telomerase activity was analyzed by PAGE.Results:Telomerase activity was determined by PCR-MPH accurately and specifically in various tumor tissues,its sensitivity was one hundred times higher than that of PCR-PAGE.Conclusion:PCR-MPH is ideal for analyzing telomerase activity in various tumor tissues.It is simple,easy and suitable for clinical application.

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Objective To investigate ultrasonographic features of primary and metastatic ovarian yolk sac tumors.Methods Ultrasonographic features of 19 primary lesions and 33 metastatic lesions in 35 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Primary tumors were sized (14.6±3.6)cm in maximum diameter,manifesting as cysti-solid masses.Solid components of primary tumors were mainly hypoechoic or isoechoic(16/19)with rich blood supplies.Thirty-three metastatic lesions were located in pelvoceliac cavity(26/33) and liver parenchyma(7/33),sized (9.4±4.5)cm,(9.2±4.9)cm and (5.6±1.6)cm in maximum diameter respectively.Metastatic lesions in pelvoceliac lesions mainly demonstrated as hypoechoic masses(21/26), however lesions in the liver were mainly hyperechoic(5/7).Anechoic regions could be found in 9/26 of the pelvoceliac lesions.Blood supply was found less rich in metastatic masses than that in primary ones.Elevated serum level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was observed in all patients; ranging from 217 to 211 682 μg/L.Conclusions Primary and metastatic lesions of ovarian yolk sac tumor have obvious ultrasonographic characteristics.Combined with serum AFP level,the accuracy of diagnosis could be improved.

Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Silicon Dioxide ; analysis

Objective: To examine the cytotoxic properties of both the kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed extract and kenaf seed oil on human cervical cancer, human breast cancer, human colon cancer and human lung cancer cell lines.Methods:kenaf seed oil on human cancer cell lines was evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and sulforhodamine B assays. Cell morphological changes were observed by using an inverted light microscope.Results:The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed extract and cancer cell lines. Morphological alterations in the cell lines after KSE and KSO treatment were observed. KSE and KSO possessed effective cytotoxic activities against all the cell lines been selected.Conclusions:KSE and KSO could be potential sources of natural anti-cancer agents. Further The kenaf seed extract (KSE) exhibited a lower IC50 than kenaf seed oil (KSO) in all of the investigations on using kenaf seeds for anti-proliferative properties are warranted.

objective To explore the role of cytokines and dendritic cells (DCs) in rat high-risk corneal allograft survival pro- longed by superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and to compare the different effects between SEB and glucocorticoid. Design Experimental study.Participants Fisher 344 and Lewis rats.Methods The Fisher 344 and Lewis inbred rats were used for high-risk penetrating keratoplasty model.All of the Lewis rat recipients were divided into three groups by blinded fashion.GroupⅠand GroupⅡrats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2ml saline buffer or SEB (75?g/ml) respectively at 4-day intervals on three occasions before transplantation.GroupⅢrats were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1ml dexamethasone (1mg/ml) daily from the first day after surgery for 2 weeks.The allograft survival was examined under slit-lamp.The concentration of interleukin IL-1?,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6, IL-10,TNF-?in rat aqueous humor and peripheral blood were measured by liquichip and the cytokine and CD11c,CD80,MHC-Ⅱex- pression in corneal grafts were examined by immunohistochemestry staining.Main Octcome Measures Mean survival time of the allo- grafts,the level of cytokines in aqueous humor,peripheral blood and corneal grafts.Results Compared with group control,the grafts mean survival time was delayed about 3.8d in group SEB (P=0.00) and 7.1d in group dexamethasone(P=0.01).But there was no signifi- cant difference between group SEB and dexamethone (P=0.26).Liquichip test showed that the level of IL-1?in aqueous humor was re- duced and IL-4,IL-6 and IFN-?,ascended.Only IFN-?,and IL-6 could be found in peripheral blood,and the changing shift of them was similar to that in aqueous humor.The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of IL-2 in rat corneal grafts was signif- icantly decreased but IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 elevated.The expression of DCs in group SEB was similar to that in group control,which was elevated after keratoplasty,but the phenotype of DCs was not the same.There were predominantly mature DCs in group control while immature DCs in group SEB.Conclusions The immunological inhibiting effect of SEB is same to glucocorticoid,but the mecha- nism is different.SEB can modulate immune response,which might induce immune inhibition via the local production of cytokines and effect on DCs maturation involving corneal graft rejection prevention.

Objective To optimize and establish ELISpot assay for CCP/AST which could secrete IFN-γ and IL-4, and explore the role and clinical significance of CCP/AST cells in occurrence and development of RA disease. Methods CCP was used as specific-stimulator with FLAG peptide as a control,the frequencies of positive SFC which could specifically secrete IFN-γ and IL-4 in 64 cases of RA, 64 cases of non-RA autoinunune diseases and 30 cases of healthy individuals were tested by ELISpot technique. The diagnostic value of CCP/AST cells was evaluated in patients with RA disease. Meanwhile, the relationships among the indexes above and patient joint symptoms as well as other laboratory parameters were further analyzed and discussed. Results The results showed that the mediam numbers of IFN-γ-SFC and IL-4-SFC were 39(12-77)/3 x 105 PBMC and 1 (1-3)/3 × 105 PBMC in RA patients, the positive rates were 81.3% and 18. 8% respectively. The median value of IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC ratio was of 15(5-39), the positive rate was of 78. 1%. Both IFN-γ-SFC and ratio of IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC were significantly higher than those of non-RA diseases (Z = - 7. 458, - 7. 019, P < 0. 01 ) and healthy control ( Z = - 6. 643, - 5. 760, P <0. 01 ), also both these parameters in RA patients with positive anti-CCP antibody and negative anti-CCP antibody were significantly higher than those patients with systemic lupus erythematosns ( Z = - 6. 573, - 6. 098, - 4. 552, - 4. 726, P < 0. 01 ), ankylosing spondylitis ( Z = - 3. 520, - 3. 326, - 2. 950,-2. 126, P<0. 01 or 0. 05), other autoimmune diseases (Z = -4. 838, -4. 418, - 3. 681, -3. 839,P < 0. 01 ) and healthy controls ( Z = - 6. 553, - 5. 578, - 4. 635, - 4. 163, P < 0. 01 ). Combining IFN-γ-SFC, IL-4-SFC with IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC for RA diagnosis, the area under curve of receiver operating characteristic( ROCAUC) and Youden index were 0. 910 and 0. 747. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 87. 5% and 87.2%. Positive and negative predictive values were 82. 4% and 91.1%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that ratio of IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC was not only significantly correlated with antiCCP antibody(r =0.393, P <0.01), but also correlated with joint symptoms in patients such as with number of joints swelling-pain ( r = 0. 429 , P < 0. 01 ), number of joints damage ( r = 0. 463, P < 0. 01 ),rheumatoid factor (r = 0. 166, P < 0.01) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0. 199,P<0.05).Conclusions There is widely existence of CCP/AST cells activation and abnormity in RA patients,indicating higher frequency of CCP-specific Th1 cells. These results provides a new experimental evidence for an objective understanding the function of specific cellular immune responses and cytokine network regulation mediated by citrullinated proteins in RA. So, the assay for CCP/AST cells has potential values in RA diagnosis and clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Ganglioside (Gls) is a kind of N-acetylneuraminatecontaining glycosphingolipid, which is abundant in neural tissues and exerts neuroprotective roles, and has been found its changes in content and composition pattern after cerebral ischemia or hypoxia diseases.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on brain gangliosides after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and explore the possible mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen treatment to ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage.DESIGN: Randomized-control observation.SETTING: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic College, Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: Animal models were established at Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences (Key Laboratory of Beijing) from March to April 2002. All indexes were determined at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic College, Capital University of Medical Sciences. A total of 54 SD male rats were selected and randomly divided into 9 groups: shamoperated group; ischemia/reperfusion 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours group; and hyperbaric oxygen 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours group with 6 rats in each group.METHODS: Animal models with cerebral ischemic/reperfusion were established in the other 8 groups, except the sham-operation group. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by a four-vessel occlusion and reperfusion allowed after 20-minute ischemia. The rats in sham-operation group were operated in the same way except of arterial occlusion. The rats in the HBO group were placed in experimental animal chamber. After 5-minute wash by pure oxygen, the pressure of oxygen cabins was increased to 0.1 MPa in 5 minutes and kept stable for 45 minutes, then decreased to ambient level within 10 minutes. The rats in the HBO groups were treated once by hyperbaric oxygen at reperfusion 3, 24, 48 and 96 hours respectively; while the rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group and sham-operation group were placed in normal atmospheric environment. The rats of HBO and ischemia/reperfusion groups were killed by decapitation at the 6th, 24th, 48th and 96th hours respectively, and the brains removed quickly. Gls and its percentage content in each group were detected with high performance thin-layer chromatography plate.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total content of gangliosde in the whole brain tissue of rats and its percentage content.RESULTS: Totally 54 rats were involved in the result analysis without drop out. ①The contents of Gangliosides in HBO groups at 24 and 48 hours was significantly higher than those in sham-operation group and ischemia/reperfusion group at corresponding time phase (F=12.730,122.246,P ＜ 0.01), but there was no significant difference between ischemia/reperfusion and sham-operation groups (P ＞ 0.05). ② N-acetylneuraminosylgalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl- (N-acetylneuraminosylα2→8- N-acetylneuraminosyl) -galactosylglucosylceramide (GT1b) proportion in the ischemia/reperfusion 24 hours group was lower markedly than that in the S-O (F=13.575,P ＜ 0.01); Both galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl- (N-acetylneuraminosyl- α2→8-N-acetylneuraminosyl) - galactosylglucosylceramide (GD1b) and galactosyl- N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminosyl)galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1) in the reperfusion 48 hours group were lower than those in the sham-operation group (F= 4.015,3.979,P ＜ 0.05); (N-acetylneuraminosyl)galactosylglucosylceramide (GM3)in ischemia/reperfusion 24 hours group was much higher than that in sham-operation and any other ischemia/reperfusion groups (F=21.450,P＜ 0.01 ); An unknown increase of GM3 was found again at the 96th hour;③GM1and GM3 proportion in the hyperbaric oxygen group was higher than that of sham-operation group at the 24th hour (F=3.970,21.450,P＜ 0.05, ＜ 0.01), and all of GD1a, GD1b and GT1b were lower than that in the sham-operation group at the same times (F= 13.575,5.745,8.783, P＜ 0.05-0.01), but GT1b was remarkably higher than that in ischemia/reperfusion group (F=8.783 ,P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The pattern of brain gangliosides changed after transient whole cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The new mechanism of neuron damage after transient whole cerebral ischemia/reperfusion might be the decreasing of GT1b, GD1b and GM1 with increasing of GM3 proportion. The hyperbaric oxygen treatment could ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage by increasing total gangliosides content and GM1 proportion and accelerating GT1b restoration to normal level. It is unknown that the effect of percentage content of GD1a and GD1b decreased.