Objective To determine the safety location of the bony tunnel in reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments on the basis of digital characterization of the anatomy of the clavicle and coracoid process.Methods Unilateral shoulder spiral CT scan was conducted in 30 patients without injury to the clavicle or coracoid process.They were 15 men and 15 women,aged from 20 to 71 years old (average,49.3 years).Thirty 3D digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed using the CT scan data by Mimics13.0.Half of the models were of the left shoulder and half of the right.Anatomic measurements of the clavicle and coracoid process were carried out on these models.Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to the anatomy of the conoid ligament.Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured before the safety location was calculated.Results The mean clavicular length was 147.70 ± 5.34 mm in males and 133.09 ± 6.61 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the conoid tuberosity (CCD) was 35.90 ± 3.16 mm in males and 30.48 ± 0.54 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the trapezoid tuberosity (CTD) was 22.68 ± 1.23 mm in males and 18.69 ± 1.65 mm in females,with significant differences between genders (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between male and female regarding the ratio of the CCD to the clavicular length,the ratio of CTD to the clavicular length,or the mean internal rotational angle of the coracoid process (P ＞ 0.05).According the attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle and coracoid,from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle to the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement,the bony tunnels were established.These tunnels nearly bisected the cross section of the clavicle and coracoid basement,35.23° ± 2.36° medially inclined to the sagittal section and 5.91° ± 2.14° posteriorly inclined to the coronal section of the body.Conclusions To ensure that the bony tunnel should pass through the center of the clavicle and coracoid,it should be drilled from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle and located at the clavicular attachment of the conoid ligament,tilting about 35° medially and 6° posteriorly to aim at the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement.

Administration, Rectal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Objective:To investigate the expression of AEG-1 gene in NSCLC and its clinical significance. Methods:Selected our hospital cardiothoracic surgical resection of 83 cases of postoperative cancer tissues of NSCLC patients and 20 paracancer to study, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression level of AEG-1 protein in two groups,the clinical and pathological of AEG-1 protein in patients with NSCLC was analyzed. Results:NSCLC tissues AEG-1 protein expression 46 cases ( 55. 42%) was sig-nificantly higher than 2 cases ( 10. 00%) of paracancer ( P<0. 05 ) . The high expression of AEG-1 protein in NSCLC tissue was significantly correlated with T stage,N stage and distant metastasis (P<0. 05),the relationship of AEG-1 between the age,sex,and dif-ferentiation degree of the patients was not significant ( P>0. 05 ) . AEG-1 high expression of NSCLC in patients with a median survival time of 15. 0 months was significantly lower than that of 19. 0 months (log-rankχ2=4. 119 P<0. 05,) in patients with low expression of AEG-1. Conclusion:AEG-1 gene expression has been up-regulated in NSCLC tissue,which was related to the clinical stage and distant metastasis of the patients.

·AIM: To evaluate the recurrence rate and safety of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) augmented with mitomycin C (MMC) compared with amniotic membrane transplantation alone during the pterygium excision.·METHODS: We took a meta-analysis on this program.Pertinentstudieswereselectedthroughextensive searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE,CBMdisc, CNKI. Pooled estimates were carried out in RevMan software V4.2.·RESULTS: Six trials reported postoperative recurrence rate of pterygium, included 882 eyes, three trials reported the complications. The results of meta-analysis showed that recurrence rate of AMT plus MMC group was 5.41％,AMT alone group was 16.89％, relative risk (RR) was 0.32, 95％CI ranged from 0.19 to 0.56, Zwas 4.06, P< 0.001. Two trials reported early complication as punctata keratitis, the incidence rate of AMT plus MMC group and AMT alone group were 17.14％ and 0.00％, RR was 12.11,95％CI ranged from 1.62 to 90.76.·CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane transplantation with MMC is associated with lower recurrence rate compared with amniotic membrane transplantation alone in pterygium excision,whether accompanied a higher risk with adverse events need more investigation.

BACKGROUND:Coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with transclavicular-transcoracoid driling is an effective surgical technique to treat acromioclavicular dislocation. A good driling in the clavicle leads to a perfect bony tunnel and a good surgery. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different driling positions of the clavicle on the location of bony tunnels in coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. METHODS:Sixty three-dimensional digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed by Mimics13.0. Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to different surgical planes with different driling positions in the clavicle. Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured, and the safety was evaluated. Option 1: The driling was made 30 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 2: The driling was made 40 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 3: The driling was made at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process, located at the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bony tunnels in option 1 were extremely on the inside of the coracoid. Bony tunnels in options 1 and 2 were not in the center of clavicle. Bony tunnels in option 3 were in the center of both clavicle and coracoid. The method of locating the driling position with a certain distance to the distal clavicle leads to different results in man’s and woman’s models. To ensure that the bony tunnel can pass through the center of clavicle and coracoid, it is suggested to dril at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process and nearby the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation and pulmonary shunt fraction in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients, aged 46-71 years, with body mass index (BMI)18-24 kg/m2 and scheduled for thoracotomy were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 each):high dose dexmedetomidine group (group D1), low dose dexmedetomidine group (group D2) and control group (group C). Dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg was infused in group D1 after anesthesia induction, and then a rate of 0.5μg·kg-1·h-1 was continuously infused. Dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg was infused in group D2 after anesthesia induction, and then a rate of 0.3μg · kg-1 · h-1 was continuously infused. Group C was received the equal volume of normal saline. Anesthesia was main?tained with propofol-remifentanil and intermittent iv boluses of rocuronium. Arterial and jugular venous blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction (T0), at 15 min after two-lung ventilation (T1), at 5 min (T2) and 30 min (T3) of OLV for blood gas analysis. Value of Qs/Qt was calculated and SctO2 was recorded at the same time. Results Compared with group C and group D2, Qs/Qt was decreased at T2 in group D1 (P<0.05). Qs/Qt was lower at T3 in group D1 and D2 than that of group C, and which was lower in group D1 than that of group D2 (P<0.05). In group C and group D1 a significant de?crease in SctO2 was observed at T2 and T3 compared to that at T0 and T1 (P<0.05). SctO2 was significantly higher at T2 and T3 in group D2 than that in group C and group D1 (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine given during OLV undergoing thoracotomy can improve oxygenation, decrease pulmonary shunt fraction and reduce the occurrence of low SctO2.

Asbestos, Crocidolite ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Mesothelioma ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Neoplasms ; etiology

Evidence has indicated that low doses of anti-tumor regimens can induce cell apoptosis in vitro, although different regimens induce apoptosis by different mechanism and pathway. In recent years, new tumor treatment strategy has been mainly focused on inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The benefit of inducing apoptosis is not to cause inflammatory reaction, but as its disadvantage, it inhibits immune responses, and the phagocytosis of apopotic bodies may result in horizontal transfer of genes (including oncogenes and other oncogenic materials), which can be one of the causes of tumor relapse. This paper proposes that the tumor treatment strategy should be turn into promoting tumor cell necrosis and inducing anti-tumor immune responses.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Necrosis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology

Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of major causes of blindness in elder people.Intraocular injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A regimen has made big breakthrough for the treatment on choroidal neovascularization of wet AM D,while long-term follow-up and necessary retreatments are the key issues to remain obtained visual acuity.Multiple strategies of wet AMD have been used in following-up and retreating based on the visual acuity,optical coherence tomography (OCT),ophthalmoscope and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) in abroad.However,there also are major differences in the patient' s composition,treatment habits and distribution of medical sources in China from Western.So we suggest to standardize the follow-up and retreatment strategies about intravitreal injection of VEGF-A for wet AMD as to achieve a better effectiveness.OCT-guided individual follow-up and retreatment strategies should be very helpful for maintaining a long-term efficacy,minimizing the treatment time and reducing medical cost.

Objective To investigate the biological effect of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields at 1 mT on the proliferation of the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63.Methods Osteosarcrma MG-63 cells were divided into control and experimental groups.The control group was incubated without an electromagnetic field; the experimental group was incubated in a 50 Hz,1.0 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field.On the 2nd,4th and 6th day,their proliferation was determined using a cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay.Variations in the cell cycle were detected with flow cytometry(FCM).Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to measure cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 mRNA.Results Compared with the control group,proliferation of the experimental group cells was reduced significantly.The percentage of cells at G0-G1 phase increased,and the mRNA expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 was significantly reduced.Conclusions A 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field at 1.0 mT can inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 significantly.