Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Injuries ; surgery ; Dilatation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheostomy ; methods

Objective To observe the CT findings of hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen. Methods CT findings of cochlear nerve foramen were observed in 50 volunteers (100 ears)and in 9 cases with hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen.The width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve were measured in both groups.Results The fissure in the cribriform area were seen in every volunteers.The width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve was (2.32?0.25)mm in normal group.The stenosis of cochlear nerve foramen were shown in 9 cases (10 ears),the lacking of fissure in the cribriform area were seen in 8 ears, while the fissure were shown in 2 cases.The stenosis of internal auditory canal was shown in 4 cases. Abnormality of vestibule and horizontal semicircular canal was shown in one case.The maximum value of the width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve was 1.5mm,the minimum value was 0.9 mm.Conclusions The typical CT findings of hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen were stenosis of cochlear nerve foramen,the lacking of fissure in the cribriform area and cochlear nerve foramen without helix shape.The hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen may be a subtype of cochlear dysplasia.

Objective To evaluate risk factors for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients by Meta analysis. Methods Literatures about risk factors of CRBSI in ICU pa-tients were retrieved from databases of Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,CBM,CNKI,and WanFang Data,RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results There are 12 literatures in accordance with the inclusion criteria,with a total sample size of 14 422 cases,5 cohort studies and 7 case-control studies,the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)scores were 4-6 points. According to Meta analysis,duration of indwelling catheter(WMD,12.25 [95%CI,5.55-18.94]),multi-cavity catheter(OR,3.52[95% CI,1.46-8.52]),femoral vein catheterization (OR,2.44[95%CI,1.34-4.46]),parenteral nutrition(O R,2.47[95% CI,1.18-5.21]),length of stay in ICU(WMD,10.01[95%CI,4.17-15.85]),APACHE II score(WMD,4.46[95%CI,1.25-7.66]),and dia-betes mellitus(OR,1.83[95% CI,1.08-3.09])were significantly different in each group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Risk factors for CRBSI in ICU patients are duration of indwelling catheter,multi-cavity catheter,femo-ral vein catheterization,parenteral nutrition,length of stay in ICU,APACHE II score,and diabetes mellitus. However,due to the limitation of methodological quality of included studies,more strictly designed and large sam-ple prospective studies are needed to verify the result.

A comparable study were carried out by determination of trace elements on five marine-derived shell traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (Ostreae Concha, Haliotidis Concha, Margaritifera Concha, Meretricis Concha, and Arcae Concha), which were recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version). Seven trace elements in 51 batches of this type of shell TCM were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), combined with principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The content of element Se, which exhibited significant differences among different drugs, could be used as a key element to distinguish this type of drugs. Meanwhile, the contents of elements Co, Cu, Mo, and Ba in Haliotidis Concha, Co and As in Margaritifera Concha, Mo and As in Meretricis Concha, Mo, As, and Ba in Arcae Concha, and Zn in Meretricis Concha were relatively stable. In the PCA plot, Arcae Concha and Meretricis Concha could be efficiently distinguished from Ostreae Concha together with Haliotidis Concha, and Margaritifera Concha. The results also showed a correlation with their medicinal function. In conclusion, trace elements in marine-derived shell TCM could not be neglected for their quality control.
Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; chemistry ; Bivalvia ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Objective To study the effect and safety of conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to rapamycin in kidney transplantation recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy.Methods In 82 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in this study,72 cases were diagnosed as having chronic allograft nephropathy by biopsy.Recipients (SRL group) were administered with rapamycin after withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors.The doses of CNI in other recipients (non-SRL group) were not changed.Renal function,proteinuria,blood pressure,blood fat,hepatic function and hemogram were observed for 24 months in each group.Results During the follow-up period,serum creatinine level was dropped significantly in SRL group (P＜0.05),but it was increased in non-SRL group (P＜0.05).SRL group showed increased proteinuria,serum cholesterol and triglycerides (P＜0.05),and reduced Plt (P＜0.05).According to the renal function before conversion,the recipients who were administered rapamycin divided into four groups.In group A (Scr ＜ 120 μmol/L),there was no significant difference in diverse variables before and after conversion.In group B (Scr 120-200 μmol/L and Banff Ⅰ-Ⅱ),renal function was improved,and proteinuria alleviated.In group C (Scr 120-200 μmol/L and Banff ＞ Ⅱ),and group D (Scr ＞200 μmol/L),renal function was damaged to varying degrees and proteinuria was deteriorated.Conclusion It is safe and effective for patients with chronic allograft nephropathy to convert from calcineurin inhibitors to rapamycin.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of patients with iodine deficiency disorders,and to find out the eliminating process of iodine deficiency disorders and the iodine nutritional status of population before adjustment of iodine level in edible salt in Fujian Province.Methods Thirty counties(cities,districts) were sampled by population proportion probability sampling in the whole Province in 2011; one primary school was selected from each of those 30 counties(cities,districts) ; 40 children aged 8-10 were selected from each of those 30 primary schools; thyroid volume of these children was examined by type-B ultrasound and the iodine level in edible salt from those 40 households was tested by the method of direct titration.Twelve urine samples of those 40 children were collected randomly,and urinary iodine level was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Resident's per capita salt intake was calculated by the three-day-weighing method.In the village(where the school was in),5 drinking water samples were collected in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of the village.If the water supply was centralized in the village,then 2 tap water samples were collected.Water iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Three townships(towns,street offices)were selected in the vicinity of those schools; 5 pregnant and 5 lactating women were selected in each of those 3 townships (towns,street offices).Their urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results Totally 1219 children aged 8 to 10 were examined,and their goiter rate was 4.92％(60/1219).Three hundred and sixty three urine samples were tested,and the median urinary iodine level was 223 μg/L.Among them,urinary iodine ＜ 50 μg/L accounted for 5.2％ (19/363),and ＜ 100 μg/L accounted for 14.6％ (53/363).The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 147.2 μg/L,and 52.0％(235/452) of them were less than 150 μg/L.The median urinary iodine level of lactating women was 134.1 μg/L.The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.4％ (1143/1211).Per capita daily salt intake was 6 g,and 81.4％ (293/360) of the residents' intake was less than 9 g.The median iodine content of drinking water was 6.2 μg/L,and 89.5％ (68/76) of them was less than 10 μg/L.Conclusions All indicators have met the national standard of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in Fujian Province in 2011.But there is an iodine deficiency problem in pregnant women,and these women should be given extra iodine supplement.

Objective:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signal pathway in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:Animal model of stress-induced gastric ulcer was established in rats with water-immersion restraint(WIR)stress.The mucosal activation of ERK1/2 was observed before and 5,15 and 30 min,and 1, 2 and 3.5 h after WIR stress.Some animals were also treated with an intravenous injection of PD98059(1 mg/kg),a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor,1 h prior to WIR stress.Expression of total ERK1/2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis; ERK1/2 activity was measured by kinase activity assay using myelin basic protein as a specific substrate.DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1(AP-1)and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA).Mucosal TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blot analysis.The degrees of the gastric mucosal lesions were expressed as ulcer index(UI)and pathological evaluation.Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa was examined by an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)method.Results:Activated ERK1/2 was very weakly expressed in the gastric mucosa of normal rats.ERK1/2 was rapidly activated in the gastric mucosa of rats 15 min after WIR stress and the activity reached the maximal after 3.5 h.Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 activation,decreased AP-1 and NF-?B activities and TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression,and obviously relieved gastric mucosal lesions,accompanied by caspase-3 activation and increased apoptosis.Conclusion:The present results indicate that ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer.

Objective To compare the differences of clinical characteristics between genotype B and C chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and to summarize clinical factors related to genotype C hepa- titis B virus(HBV)infection.Methods Seventy eight CHB patients who were diagnosed with genotype B or C infection by liver puncture biopsy and genotyping were enrolled.Their serum HBV DNA levels were detected.Severe hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and HBeAg positive rate were analyzed to determine the pathologic inflammation and fibrosis degree of liver tissue.Chi square test and Logistic multiple regression analysis were employed for the statistical analysis.Results The serum albumin and pre-protein were lower in genotype C CHB patients than that in genotype B.The alanine aminotrans- ferase,total bilirubin and prothrombin time were higher in genotype C CHB patients than that in genotype B.The rates of genotype C patients increased significantly with the grade of liver necroin- flammation progressing from GO to G4(1.8%,11.1%,20.4%,33.3%,33.3%) and the stage of liver fibrosis progressing from SO to S4(5.6%,5.6%,14.8%,33.3%,40.7%),but the rates of genotype B patients did not change significantly with the grade of liver necroinflammation(16.7%, 25.0%,25.0%,20.8%,12.5%)and stage of liver fibrosis progressing(16.7%,29.2%%,20.8%, 16.7%,16.7%).There was statistical significance in grades of liver necroinflammation(X~2= 11.49,P=0.022)and stages of liver fibrosis(X~2=13.56,P=0.006)between genotype B and gen- otype C patients.The rates of genotype C CHB patients were higher than,similar with and lower than the rates of genotype B patients of HBV DNA level above 1.0?10~6 copy/mL,between 5.0?10~2-1.0?10~6 copy/mL and under 5.0?10~2 copy/mL,respectively(51.8% vs 12.5%,35.2% vs 45.8% and 13.0% vs 41.7%).There was statistical significance of HBV loads between genotype B and genotype C patients(X~2=13.25,P=0.001).HBeAg positive rate in genotype C patients was significantly higher than that in genotype B patients(61.1% vs 25.0%,X~2=8.67,P=0.003).The rates of decompensated cirrhosis,compensated cirrhosis and no-cirrhosis in genotype C patients were higher than,similiar with and lower than the rates in genotype B patients,respectively(40.7% vs 4.2%,22.2% vs 20.8% and 37.0% vs 75.0%).There was statistical significance of the rate of cirrhosis between genotype B and genotype C patients (X~2=12.47,P=0.002).Conclusions The degree of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis,the HBeAg positive rate and the incidence of cirrhosis are all related with genotype C HBV infection.

Objective To analyze the alterations of serum protein fingerprint in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP),screen serum biomarker and establish a diagnostic model of HDCP.Methods Surface-enhanced laser desorption lionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS)technology was used to analyze serum including 25 cases of HDCP patients and 30 cases of age-,gravity-and parity-matched healthy term pregnant women on IMAC3-Cu proteinchip before delivery. Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Pattern software was used to detect protein peaks significantly different between HDCP and controls,and establish a primary diagnostic model of HDCP.This model was further evaluated by blind test using other 16 parts of serum protein fingerprint.Results Ten protein peaks were significantly different at the molecular range of 2000-50 000(P

A method for the determination of three volatile elements (mercury, arsenic and selenium) in soils by one-time digestion was established.The digestion of samples was carried out in an automatic program temperature controlled graphite digestion instrument by aqua regia + hydrofluoric acid+boric acid.Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) was used to determine the contents of mercury, arsenic and selenium in the same digestion solution.The accuracy of the method was verified by the results of the soil environment samples of certified reference materials GSS-1-GSS-8 from the Center of the National Standard.The contents of soil mercury, arsenic and selenium obtained by this method were consistent with the standard values of these elements provided by the Center of the National Standard.In comparison with the current standard methods, the one-time digestion method was simplified, the pre-processing time was saved, and the reagent consumption was reduced.The method had wide range of application, high sensitivity, low detection limit, which was especially suitable for trace analysis of bulk samples, and also it could be used as a rapid digestion method for the measurement and governance of heavy metals in polluted soils.