DNA/genetics* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To find out factors affecting physicians' prescribing conduct so as to get rid of the negative effects and reduce medical costs. Methods Analyses were conducted by reviewing relevant literature published at home and abroad. Results Factors affecting physicians' prescribing conduct include: the medical security system, the hospital compensation mechanism, the requisitioning party, pharmaceuticals per se, and promotion of sales. Conclusion To get rid of the negative effects of physicians' prescribing conduct, it is necessary to rationalize the hospital compensation mechanism, strengthen the control of drug examination, approval, purchase and sale, and provide physicians with accurate pharmaceutical information.

Objective:To investigate the expression of AEG-1 gene in NSCLC and its clinical significance. Methods:Selected our hospital cardiothoracic surgical resection of 83 cases of postoperative cancer tissues of NSCLC patients and 20 paracancer to study, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression level of AEG-1 protein in two groups,the clinical and pathological of AEG-1 protein in patients with NSCLC was analyzed. Results:NSCLC tissues AEG-1 protein expression 46 cases ( 55. 42%) was sig-nificantly higher than 2 cases ( 10. 00%) of paracancer ( P<0. 05 ) . The high expression of AEG-1 protein in NSCLC tissue was significantly correlated with T stage,N stage and distant metastasis (P<0. 05),the relationship of AEG-1 between the age,sex,and dif-ferentiation degree of the patients was not significant ( P>0. 05 ) . AEG-1 high expression of NSCLC in patients with a median survival time of 15. 0 months was significantly lower than that of 19. 0 months (log-rankχ2=4. 119 P<0. 05,) in patients with low expression of AEG-1. Conclusion:AEG-1 gene expression has been up-regulated in NSCLC tissue,which was related to the clinical stage and distant metastasis of the patients.

Objective To explore a modified technique of perforator flap anatomical study,in an attempt to understand the vascular territory of the specific perforator vessel in flaps,and determined its application in posterior tibial artery perforator flaps.Methods From October,2013 to October,2014,6 corpse were used in this study.A full-thickness posterior tibial artery perforator flap was excised from the crus of a fresh adult corpse.The anatomical measurements were synchronized with the procedure.The isolated skin flaps were fixed in a frame made of silk screen and batten and subsequently photographed.In vitro skin flaps were divided into 3 groups:full-thickness,without deep fascia,and without subcutaneous adipose layer.The skin flaps were perfused with barium sulfate silicone,and photographed using mammography after coagulation of the silicone.The imaging data were processed by digital software system.Results The mean number of posterior tibial artery perforators in the lower medial leg was 4.17 ± 0.94.The projection points of perforated sites were located in the area 2-3 cm lateral to the A-C line.The proximal border was (4.51 ± 1.84)cm distal to the plane of tibial medial condyle;the distal border reached the medial malleolus plane;and the anterior and posterior borders reaching the anterior and posterior midline of the crus respectively.And according to the comparison of the 3 group processed images,vascular territory change could be obtained.And this could provid clinicians with reliable anatomical information,guiding the acquisition and trimming of perforator flaps.Conclusion The modified strategy intuitively indicated the blood vascular areas of different artery perforator flaps of varying thickness and the vascular branches as well as their courses.The approach is profoundly significant in guiding the acquisition of skin flaps and for the trimming and reconstruction of flaps.The deep fascia of posterior tibial artery perforator flaps plays a negligible role in the blood supply of flaps.Furthermore,the subcutaneous adipose tissues in the distal portion of flaps can be thinned appropriately,with limited vascular consequences.

Objective To investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor 5(GDF-5)on expression of gap junctional protein,connexin 43,during ehondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow sternal cells(BMSCs)in vitro.Methods BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro.The cells in passage 3 were chosen to be induced into chondrogenic differentiation.After induction for 72 hours,TypeⅡcollagen protein was examined by immunocytochemistry and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was measured by Alcian blue staining.With induction for 24,48 and 72 hours,the proliferation effects of BMSCs were investigated by MTT assay;connexin 43 mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR,western blotting and immunocytochemistry respectively at different time points during induction.Results According to MTT assay,GDF-5 had no effect on the proliferation of BMSCs at different time points of induction;RT-PCR,western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that GDF-5 could promote expressions of connexin 43 mRNA and protein at different times during induction.After 72 hours of induction,immunocytochemistry showed expression of TypeⅡcollagen protein,and AIcian blue staining of proteo- glycan revealed deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix.Conclusion GDF-5 can enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs in vitro by up-regulating the expression of gap junctional protein,connexin 43.

We describe two cases in which a forceps imprintdeveloped in the AcrySof ReSTOR IOL optic whileinserting these IOLs into the cartridge with straightclamping forceps. In case 1 ,the AcrySof ReSTOR IOL wasexplanted and observed under scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The SEM showed that the stepdesign of ReSTOR Multifocal IOL was well maintained. Incase 2, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and wavefrontmeasurements were performed and no specific changeswere found. Strong evidence does not exist that suggeststhe on-axis forceps imprint can significantly compromisevisual acuity.

OBJECTIVETo study the differences in the toxicity of vinegar-processed Kansui Radix on normal and cancerous ascites model rats.

METHODNormal and cancerous ascites model rats were taken as the research objects and orally administered with different doses of vinegar-processed Kansui Radix for 7 d. Pathological sections were prepared to observe the damages in liver, stomach, intestinal tissues in rats and detect the impacts on serum, liver, stomach and intestinal tissues and the oxidative damage index.

RESULTCompared with the blank group, all of normal administration groups and model groups showed significant damages in liver, stomach and intestinal tissues. Compared with the model groups, all of normal administration groups revealed notable alleviation in damages. Compared with the blank group, the model groups showed significant increases in AST, ALT and MDA in serum and liver (P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in GSH in serum and liver, stomach, intestinal tissues (P < 0.01). Compared with the blank group, the results showed significant decreases in ALT, AST in serum and ALT in liver in model low, medium and high dose groups and AST activity in liver tissues in the normal high dose group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); significant decreases in GSH in serum and stomach tissues in normal low, medium and high dose groups and GSH content in liver and intestinal tissues in normal medium and high dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); notable rises in MDA in liver tissues in normal low, medium and high dose groups and MDA content in serum and stomach and intestinal tissues in normal medium and high dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with model groups, data revealed significant decreases in ALT, AST in serum in model low, medium and high dose groups, AST in liver tissues of model medium and high dose groups and ALT activity in liver in the model high dose group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); significant increases in GSH content in serum and stomach tissues of model low, medium and high dose groups, GSH in liver tissues in model medium and high dose groups and GSH in intestinal tissues in the high dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and notable declines in MDA content in serum in model low, medium and high dose groups, MDA in liver tissues of model medium and high dose groups and MDA in stomach and intestinal tissues the high dose group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAccording to the study, vinegar-processed Kansui Radix showed a significant lower toxicity liver, stomach, and intestines of cancerous ascites model rats, which provided a basis for clinical safe application of vinegar-processed Kansui Radix based on symptom-based prescription theory.

Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Intestines ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effect of excessive fluoride,aluminum on Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Cuin rat blood.Methods Forty eight SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups matched with their weights:control group,high aluminum group,high fluorine group and high fluorine-aluminum group.Aluminum content in their drinking water was 0,90,0,90 mg/L respectively.Fluorine content of their feed was 5.2,5.2,106.0,106.0 mg/kg and aluminum Was 6.8,6.8,19.7,19.7 mg/kg respectively.90 days later,the level of blood Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg, Cu Was detected by the atomic absorption spectrometry.Results Compared among these groups,Zn,Fe,Mg and Cu content of the whole blood had significant difierences(F=46.25,14.74,6.10,2.93,P<0.05),while Ca content of the whole blood did not significantly change(F=2.81.P>0.05).Factorial analysis showed that excessive intake of aluminum could significantly decreased Zn,Fe,Mg content of the blood(F=42.66,5.41,7.04,P<0.05)and excessive intake of fluorine could significantly decreased Zn,Fe,Mg,Cu content of the blood(F=64.50,37.90,9.75,6.74, P<0.05).The coexistence offluorine and Muminum had interaction to the level of Zn(F=31.59,P<0.05)and did not obviously interact with other elements(F=0.91,1.63,1.51.0.00,P>0.05).Compared with the control group [(131.30 ±13.86)μmol/L,(10.24 ±1.02),(1.71 ±0.19)mmol/L,(20.43 ±4.42)μmol/L],Zn content in the high aluminum group[(90.84±9.98)μmol/L]decreased significantly(P<0.05),so did Zn,Fe,Mg content in tlle high fluorine group[(85.85 ±10.92)μmol/L,(8.49 ±0.68),(1.52 ±0.13)mmol/L],the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05)0Zn,Fe,Mg,Cu content in the high fluorine-aluminum group,being(82.82 ±11.00)μmol/L, (8.16±0.45),(1.46±0.09)mmoL/L,(15.69±2.38)μmol/L,respectively,all decreased signitlcarIdy(P<0.05). Compared with the high aluminum group[(9.43±1.09)mmol/L],Fe content of the high fluorine aluminum group[(8.16±0.45)mmol/L]decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions Excessive fluoride can cause blood zn, Fe,Mg,Cu decline,so can excessive aluminum.Combination of excessive fluofine and aiuminum has 8ignificant synergic effect on the level of Zn but have rio influence on Ca.

Objective To explore the changes of S - 100? protein in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of children with viral encephalitis and its clinical significance. Methods The levels of S - 100? protein of cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 36 children with viral encephalitis and 20 lumbar anesthesia children without central nervous system diseases were measured by enzyme - linked immunosor bent assay. Differences in the levels of cerebrospinal fluid and serum S-100? protein between children with and without coma, with and without convulsion, with and without sequelae in the case group were compared. Results S-100? protein levels of cerebrospinal fluid in the case group and control group were (0.641?0.390) and (0.037 ? 0.014) ?g/L( P

Objective To investigate the relation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS ) characteristics and microvessel density ( MVD ) in the breast cancer .Methods From October 2010 to February 2012, 45 cases of patients with breast cancer were studied in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital , Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College .All lesions were examined by CEUS before surgery .The blood perfusion parameters such as rising time (RT),peak intensity(PI),time to peak(TTP),wash-in slope (WIS) and mean transit time ( MTT) were obtained by time-intensity curve ( TIC).Immunohistochemical staining for anti-factor CD34 was performed on surgery specimen and the MVD was evaluated .The CEUS characteristics and blood perfusion parameters between different MVD groups of breast cancer were compared.Results In 45 cases of breast cancer,mean MVD was(47.6 ±14.2)/high power field(HPD). Twenty-one cases(46.7%) were classified as high MVD group(MVD>48/HPD) and 24 cases(53.3%) were classified as lower MVD group ( MVD≤48/HPD) .Besides two cases without contrast agent perfusion in CEUS imaging, blood perfusion was observed in 43 cases (95.6%).Heterogeneous enhancement was observed in 25 cases(55.6%).Local blood perfusion defect was observed in 27 cases(60.0%).Irregular shape was observed in 37 cases(82.2%).Centripetal enhancement was observed in 25 cases(55.6%). Penetrating surrounding vessels was observed in 32 cases(71.1%).Poorly-defined margin was observed in 34 cases(75.6%).Compared with the surrounding normal breast tissue ,RT and TTP of center region of neoplasms was shorter[(9.3 ±3.3)s vs (11.1 ±3.7)s and (25.3 ±5.9)s vs (27.5 ±6.4)s],PI was higher[(12.1 ±4.6)dB vs (9.2 ±2.8)dB],WIS was higher(1.0 ±0.4 vs 0.8 ±0.3) and differences were significant(t =-3.001, -4.785,6.987 and 5.438,all P <0.05).Compared with center region of neoplasms,TTP of periphery region of neoplasms was shorter [(22.2 ±6.0)s vs (25.3 ±5.9)s],PI was higher[(15.4 ±5.1)dB vs (12.1 ±4.6)dB],WIS was larger(1.3 ±0.5 vs 1.0 ±0.4) and differences were significant(t=-2.839,3.194 and 3.151,all P<0.05).The detection rate of blood perfusion defect and heterogeneous enhancement was higher in the high-MVD group than in the low-MVD group(χ2 =4.0179 and 7.2024,both P <0.05).While the enhancement shape,margin and penetrating vessels showed no statistical difference between the two groups .Breast neoplasms in the high-MVD group had higher PI than those in the low-MVD group[(18.2 ±5.6)dB vs (12.9 ±3.1)dB,t=-3.738,P<0.05].While the RT, TTP and WIS showed no statistical difference between the two groups ( t=-0.798,-0.760 and -0.378, all P>0.05).Conclusion CEUS characteristics of breast lesions were associated with MVD ,which may reflect the microvessel distributional characteristics of neoplasm and may be one of bases used to evaluate neoplasm angiogenesis .