Objective To explore whether living in rural areas may reduce the risk of atopic sensitization. Methods The standardized questionnaires were answered by the parents of 2 986 school children during 2004 to 2005. Radioallergosorbent technique-fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (RAST-FEIA) was used to determine the level of specific IgE in the serum of the children. The risk factors were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results Compared with the subjects living in the towns from birth, the risk of atopic sensitization was lowest in the subjects living in the villages from birth (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.62) and it was moderate in the subjects who had relocated from village to town (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.28-0.92), there was a significant trend among them (P for trend

According to two kinds of acupoint combination methods for Huahe and Huhe in five-door and ten-change theory proposed by the deceased Taiwanese famous acupuncturist Mr. ZHOU Zuo-yu, the origin of the change theory proposed by the deceased Taiwanese famous acupuncturist Mr. ZHOU Zuo-yu, the origin of the acupoint combination method of five-door and ten-change is introduced. This method combines traditional philosophy of Yi with medicine, which is featured with casual timing, casual pattern, capacity to be combined with TCM syndrome differentiation, specific application scope and pertinence. Some clinical cases are additionally presented to verify this method. Huhe method is mostly used for Bi-syndrome while Huahe method has better effects on internal medicine diseases. They open the new thinking methods for clinical acupoint selection.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy

As an efficient health care system ,the hierarchical medical system is characteristic of its continuation of the division of work at different levels of medical services in the diagnosis and treatment functions .Two major roadblocks hinder the building of such a system ,namely a serious shortage of primary service capabilities ,and lack of incentives in the referral from superior institutions .Success of such a system lies in enhancement of the service capabilities of primary medical institutions by all means , and smooth functioning of a dual referral system .

Objective To investigate the effect of liraglutide on the expression of NF-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in renal tissue of insulin resistance rats. Method The rats were divided into 4 groups, control group ,high fat group ,liraglutide low dose group [100 μg/(kg· d)], liraglutide high dose group[100 μg/(kg·d)]. Detection of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen by automatic biochemical analyzer, and 24 h urine micro albumin was determined by immunoassay. The protein concentration of serum NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 was measured by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in renal tissues was determined by RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen,urinary protein, and the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in high fat group, respectively (P < 0.05). The glomerular basement membrance thickening and foot process fusion were seen under electron microscope. Liraglutide high dose intervention can significantly reduce these changes. Conclusions Liraglutide can inhibit the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 in renal tissues of high fat induced insulin resistance rats,in a concentration dependent manner, which possibly improve renal function.

The cytolytic effect of perforin is a mechanism of anti-virus,killing microbial-infected cells and tumor cells.Perforin is a very important non-specific immune factors in fish.In order to understand the function of perforin,the cDNA of grass carp perforin C-terminal peptide was amplified from grass carp liver and kidney cDNA library.It contains a protein kinase C conserved region 2(C2).The cDNA was connected with pET32a,and transformed to expression bacteria DE3.PFP-C was expressed by a prokaryotic expression system and then purified by affinity chromatography.It showed a significant haemolytic activity when tested with rabbit red cells,the optimal pH for haemolytic activity was 7.5,and its haemolytic function dependents on Ca2+ apparently.

AIM:To investigate the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on extracellular proteolytic enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)and serine proteases,in particular,the urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA)-plasmin system in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC)model.METHODS:The HUVEC was activated with different doses of BDNF(25-200 ?g/L)for different time period(6-48 h).Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to assay MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,and TIMP-2 mRNA in HUVEC.The cultured conditioned medium was analyzed for MMP and uPA activity by gelatin zymography and fibrin zymography,respectively.uPA,PAI-1,TIMP-1,and TIMP-2 were quantified by Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:The stimulation of serum-starved HUVECs with BDNF caused marked increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and induced the pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 activation without significant differences in proliferation.However,BDNF had no effect on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 production.BDNF increased uPA and PAI-1 production in a dose dependent manner up to 100 ?g/L,while effects of 200 ?g/L were approximately equal to those of 100 ?g/L.BDNF stimulated uPA and PAI-1 production beyond that in control cultures from 12 h until 48 h after BDNF addition.Protease activity for uPA was also increased by BDNF in a dose dependent manner.CONCLUSION:BDNF activates MMP and uPA/PAI-1 proteolytic network in HUVEC.

Objective To study the antiviral effects of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid on Hep-2 cell models infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses serotype 3 strains (ADV3) in vitro. Methods The cell cytotoxic and inhibition effect of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid on RSV or ADV3 were investigated by MTT assay and the inhibitory assay for cytopathic effect (CPE) in Hep-2 cell cultures to detect its antiviral effects. Results The median toxic concentration (TC50) of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid on Hep-2 cells was 776.97 mg/L. The median effective concentration (EC50) of inhibiting RSV and ADV3 were 28.08, 28.10 mg/L,whose therapeutic index (TI) were 27.67 and 27.65 respectively. The safety coefficient of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid is higher than that of control, ribavirin. Compared with the virus control group, Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid can obviously produce actions of a dose-dependent relationship to inhibit CPE in Hep-2 cells infected with RSV or ADV3 virus. Conclusions Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid significantly improves the protection against RSV and ADV3 virus infection in Hep-2 cells. And the inhibition of CPE induced by viruses infection increased with the elevation of higher drug concentration for its antiviral effect augmented in vitro.

Hierarchical medical system is a high priority in China ’s health reform,bearing significant impacts on remolding of its healthcare system,in which tertiary public hospitals must redefine its role.Five strategies have been proposed as follows:the first is internal management;The second is high-tech;Third is paring assistance;Fourth is telemedicine;Fifth is better medical conditions.

Objective To study the changes of intestinal epithelial barrier function in rats with aging.Methods SD rats were divided into 3 groups:3-month-old group (group A),12-month-old group (group B) and 24-month-old group (group C,established by D-galactose injection with the dose of 0.125 g· kg-1 · d-1subcultaneously for 6 weeks) (n=10,each).The terminal ileum was obtained to make microtome section,and the morphology of small intestine mucous membrane,trophonema altitude and thickness were observed under light microscope.Occludin and ZO-1 protein expressions in terminal ileum mucous membrane were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of Occludin and ZO 1 mRNA were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The small intestinal mucosa thickness and villus height were lower in group C and B than in group A [thickness:(87.6± 6.32) μm,(131.8± 5.22) μm vs.(162.9±7.28) μm; villus height:(56.4±5.38) μm,(76.7±5.40) μm vs.(108.1±6.42) μm;both P＜0.05].The small intestinal mucosa thickness and villus height was lower in group C than in group B (both P＜0.05).Occludin and ZO-1 protein expressions in small intestine tissue were reduced in group C and B as compared with group A [Occludin protein:(2.23±0.60)％,(4.21±0.61)％ vs.(12.31±0.94)％; ZO-1 protein:(2.03±0.54)％,(4.02±0.65) ％ vs.(12.21±0.81)％ ; both P＜0.05],and Occludin and ZO-1 protein expressions were less in group C than in group B (both P＜0.05).The levels of Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA in small intestine tissue were reduced in group C and B as compared with group A [Occludin:(0.20±0.03),(0.38±0.02) vs.(0.66±0.03) ; ZO-1:(0.18±0.03),(0.37±0.02) vs.(0.63±0.03); both P＜0.05],and Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA expressions were less in group C than in group B (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The small intestinal mucosa thickness and villus height are reduced,the levels of Occludin and ZO-1 expressions are significantly decreased in small intestinal mucosa,and the intestinal barrier function is impaired with rat aging.

To select appropriate descriptors for response of the patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale for the main symptoms of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary heart disease.