Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disorder of dendritic cells and the reticular cells. It is divided into single-system langerhans cell histiocytosis (SS-LCH) and multi-system langerhans cell system (MS-LCH). MS-LCH has a very poor prognosis. The key of survival is timely and effective treatment. The treatment protocols include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and stem cells transplantation. In this review, the new advances in the treatment of MS-LCH were systemically reviewed.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; etiology ; surgery ; Joints ; surgery ; Laryngeal Cartilages ; surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the dead reasons and related factors of acute leakemia(AL)in children.Methods The clinical data of 42 dead cases of children with AL,who were admitted to Guangzhou Children's Hospital between Jan.1999 and Mar.2007 were reviewed.Nineteen cases were boys,23 cases were girls;the aging from 4 months to 12 years old and 5 months.Of 42 children,21 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),18 cases were acute myeloid leukemia(AML),3 cases were unclassified AL.Results Ten out of 12 early-dead cases died of bleeding.Among 30 cases who received chemotherapy,4 cases died of bleeding,others of myelosuppression combined with infection,14 of whom died from sepsis,3 cases with fungal infection,1 case with virus infection,4 cases with unknown pathogens.Sixteen children relapsed among those who got remission,half of them relapsed within 1 year since diagnosed.Treatment-related mortality(TRM)was 90%(27 out of 30 cases).The main causes of TRM were infection and hemorrhage.Hyperleukocytosis and bleeding were 2 risk factors related to early death in new-diagnosed children.Conclusions More emphasizes should be put on bleeding tendency during early treatment in children with AL and treatment of infection complications during induction chemotherapy to reduce TRM.

Objective:To analyze identify method of mild cognitive impairment. Methods:The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Chinese Revised (WAIS-RC) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revised (WMS-RC) were examined in 150 patients with memory complaints. 63 individuals whose intelligence quotient (IQ) and memory quotient (MQ) over 85 were designated as normal elderly group;and 33 individuals whose IQ scores over 85 and MQ score between 70 and 84 as mild cognitive impairment(MCI-1) group; and 25 individuals whose IQ scores over 85 and MQ scores between 55 and 69 as MCI-2 group; 29 individuals whose IQ scores and MQ scores less than 85 and conformed with DSM-Ⅳ as Alzheimer disease group.Results: Picture short memory and mental control (B)showed the highest identification between the 2 MCI groups and normal elderly group. Besides, visual reproduction played an important role in mild memory decline (MCI-1) group. Tactile memory, logical memory and associated learning played an important role in moderate memory decline (MCI-2) group.Conclusion: Picture short memory and mental control (B) contribute to identify MCI speedily and effectively.

Objective:To assess clinical validity of the Chinese version of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) in differentiating dementia of Alzheimer type (AD). Methods:Administered the DRS, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating(CDR) to 61 outpatients with AD and 104 healthy elderly subjects in Shanghai.Results:There was significant correlation between DRS and the total score,and DRS and MMSE.DRS of the AD group had significant correlation with CDR.Its significant correlation with CDR suggested satisfactory concurrent validity of the scale. The optimal DRS cutoff score for AD according to education level revealed a sensitivity of 85%～94% and a specificity of 90%～94%.Conclusion:The DRS is a clinically valid test for the detection of AD and its severity of cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term effect of health education intervention on the recovery of new schizophrenia patients. Methods82 patients were randomly divided into observation group, in which patients accepted routine antipsychotic medication, general nursing and system health education intervention, and control group, in which patients accepted antipsychotic medication and general nursing. Brief psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess the effects. ResultsThere was no difference in the score of every factor before intervention (P>0.05), but it became different after intervention (P<0.01 or P<0.05). ConclusionHealth education intervention can improve the effect on schizophrenia.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Objective:To compare the immunogenity of the AST artificial antigen with two different carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin(BSA) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH).Methods: The hapten Astragaloside Ⅳ(AST) was linked to carrier protein BSA or KLH as immunogen,and linked ovalbumin(OVA) as coating antigen by the sodium periodate method.Then the 6-8 weeks BALB/c mice were immunized with AST-BSA or AST-KLH.The titer and specificity of the antiserum were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( iELISA ) and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( icELISA ) respectively.Results:The antiserum of the mice immunized with AST-KLH had better specificity than which immunized with AST-BSA.The IC50 of AST-KLH antiserum was about 5 μg/ml in the detection by icELISA.The high titer of both antiserums was about 1∶51 200 after immunizing mouse.Conclusion:The conjugate of AST-KLH was testified to have a better immunogenity in comparison with AST-BSA,this investigation would be the foundation of the further research of AST immunoassay.

This paper is to survey two groups of medicine-oriented English major undergraduates who have their probation either before or after the Quality Monitoring System is introduced to them about their degrees of learning satisfaction through questionnaires and seminar discussions. As a result, it proves that the implementation of the Quality Monitoring System in student probation helps to raise the degrees of student learning satisfaction, which clearly promotes the probation quality and secures the fulfillment of the mission in practice.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and pathologic mechanism of basal ganglia calcification combined with cerebral infarction.Methods The clinical data,radiation demonstration and prognosis in 53 cases of cerebral infarction were reviewed retrospectively,31 cases with basal ganglia calcification and 22 cases without basal ganglia calcification.Results Cerebral infarction with basal ganglia calcification mostly occurded in infants and after slight traumar,CT scan all showed lacunar infarction in basal ganglia and MRA demonstrated no severe changes on cerebral vessal.Compared with the infants without basal ganglia calcification,the infants with basal ganglia calcification recovered quickly and had better prognosis.Conclusions The infants of cerebral infarction with basal ganglia calcification had unique clinical characteristics.The occurrence of cerebral infarction is closely associated with basal ganglia calcification which perhaps resulted from cerebral hypoxia and ischemia previously.