Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disorder of dendritic cells and the reticular cells. It is divided into single-system langerhans cell histiocytosis (SS-LCH) and multi-system langerhans cell system (MS-LCH). MS-LCH has a very poor prognosis. The key of survival is timely and effective treatment. The treatment protocols include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and stem cells transplantation. In this review, the new advances in the treatment of MS-LCH were systemically reviewed.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; etiology ; surgery ; Joints ; surgery ; Laryngeal Cartilages ; surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To analyze identify method of mild cognitive impairment. Methods:The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Chinese Revised (WAIS-RC) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revised (WMS-RC) were examined in 150 patients with memory complaints. 63 individuals whose intelligence quotient (IQ) and memory quotient (MQ) over 85 were designated as normal elderly group;and 33 individuals whose IQ scores over 85 and MQ score between 70 and 84 as mild cognitive impairment(MCI-1) group; and 25 individuals whose IQ scores over 85 and MQ scores between 55 and 69 as MCI-2 group; 29 individuals whose IQ scores and MQ scores less than 85 and conformed with DSM-Ⅳ as Alzheimer disease group.Results: Picture short memory and mental control (B)showed the highest identification between the 2 MCI groups and normal elderly group. Besides, visual reproduction played an important role in mild memory decline (MCI-1) group. Tactile memory, logical memory and associated learning played an important role in moderate memory decline (MCI-2) group.Conclusion: Picture short memory and mental control (B) contribute to identify MCI speedily and effectively.

Objective:To assess clinical validity of the Chinese version of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) in differentiating dementia of Alzheimer type (AD). Methods:Administered the DRS, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating(CDR) to 61 outpatients with AD and 104 healthy elderly subjects in Shanghai.Results:There was significant correlation between DRS and the total score,and DRS and MMSE.DRS of the AD group had significant correlation with CDR.Its significant correlation with CDR suggested satisfactory concurrent validity of the scale. The optimal DRS cutoff score for AD according to education level revealed a sensitivity of 85%～94% and a specificity of 90%～94%.Conclusion:The DRS is a clinically valid test for the detection of AD and its severity of cognitive impairment.

Objective To explore the dead reasons and related factors of acute leakemia(AL)in children.Methods The clinical data of 42 dead cases of children with AL,who were admitted to Guangzhou Children's Hospital between Jan.1999 and Mar.2007 were reviewed.Nineteen cases were boys,23 cases were girls;the aging from 4 months to 12 years old and 5 months.Of 42 children,21 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),18 cases were acute myeloid leukemia(AML),3 cases were unclassified AL.Results Ten out of 12 early-dead cases died of bleeding.Among 30 cases who received chemotherapy,4 cases died of bleeding,others of myelosuppression combined with infection,14 of whom died from sepsis,3 cases with fungal infection,1 case with virus infection,4 cases with unknown pathogens.Sixteen children relapsed among those who got remission,half of them relapsed within 1 year since diagnosed.Treatment-related mortality(TRM)was 90%(27 out of 30 cases).The main causes of TRM were infection and hemorrhage.Hyperleukocytosis and bleeding were 2 risk factors related to early death in new-diagnosed children.Conclusions More emphasizes should be put on bleeding tendency during early treatment in children with AL and treatment of infection complications during induction chemotherapy to reduce TRM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term effect of health education intervention on the recovery of new schizophrenia patients. Methods82 patients were randomly divided into observation group, in which patients accepted routine antipsychotic medication, general nursing and system health education intervention, and control group, in which patients accepted antipsychotic medication and general nursing. Brief psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess the effects. ResultsThere was no difference in the score of every factor before intervention (P>0.05), but it became different after intervention (P<0.01 or P<0.05). ConclusionHealth education intervention can improve the effect on schizophrenia.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheal Stenosis

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Objective:To formulate the norm value of auditory verbal learning test(AVLT)in the normal aged in Chinese community.Methods:360 normal old people(55 to 85 years)in city proper of Shanghai were enrolled and evaluated by AVLT,MMSE test of words reading ability and executive ablity,memory self-evaluation and medical history related to cognitive impairment.Results:70% of the normal old people complained of hypomnesia;The age of 70 and 80 was the hinge points of auditory verbal memory decreasing.AVLT had a moderate relation to age,and a lower relation to educational level.Female did better in AVLT than Male.Furthermore,AVLT had a significant relation to MMSE score,a mild relation to memory self-evaluation,and only related to hypertension of all the medical history.The cut off score of short-term recall,long delayed term recall and total AVLT score(-1SD,-1.5SD and-2SD)was listed.Conclusion:Norm value of AVLT is an effective tool of testing memory impairment.

This paper is to survey two groups of medicine-oriented English major undergraduates who have their probation either before or after the Quality Monitoring System is introduced to them about their degrees of learning satisfaction through questionnaires and seminar discussions. As a result, it proves that the implementation of the Quality Monitoring System in student probation helps to raise the degrees of student learning satisfaction, which clearly promotes the probation quality and secures the fulfillment of the mission in practice.