The emphasis and basic target of medical education is to cultivate medical students with high qualities. The qualities of medical students include professional ethics, self-cultivation, medical knowledge and physical-psychological quality, which is critical to the medical education. It has been proven that the teaching of Clinical Pathway is one of the most important factors to promote the improvement of comprehensive qualities of medical students.

Ophthalmology is a clinical course which requires students to have practical skills. The traditional clinical teaching method lacks varied means resulting in unsatisfactory teaching effects. Application of multimedia technology not only changes the teaching model, enriches the teaching contents but also improves the quality of ophthalmology teaching. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of multimedia application in clinical teaching based on our practice, the paper raises some methods for improvment in order to achieve the best teaching effects.

3) in control group (χ2=5.42,P=0.02).Conclusions Gemcitabine chemotherapy combined with HIFU treatment was more effective for pancreatic tumor growth control and pain relief without more adverse events,which was effective and safe.

Chinese medicinal formulae( CMF) were often used in the clinics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which were critical for modernization of Chinese medicine to shed light on the interaction between CMF and biological organisms. In current studies, correlation between system and part, macroscopic actions and microcosmic mechanism, ADME process and pharmacologic actions were often neglected. Thus, we put forward integrative pharmacology, which could integrate the correlation between CMF and biological organisms from multi-levels and multi-dimensional views. Integrative pharmacology would reveal the molecular mechanism of CMF for ailments treatment and screen out effective material systematically, which would be the new paradigm of TCM research.
Absorption ; Computational Biology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacology ; methods ; trends ; Tissue Distribution

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

To study the expression of human telomerase RNA(hTR) in different grades of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its relation to its prognosis. With in situ hybridization, the expression of hTR was observed in 67 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma specimens, to be compared with specimens of 10 normal bladder tissue and 10 benign lesions. The RNA probe used in hybridization was telomerase reverse transcript (TERT), and the marker was digoxin. There was a significent correlation between the expression of hTR and grading and prognosis. hTR is considered as an important and independent prognostic factor in this carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypothermia combined with sevoflurane on myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) of the left ventricle in rabbits in vitro. Methods Adult rabbits weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were sacrificed after heparinized and anesthetized.The hearts were immediately removed and perfused with K-H soluation saturated with 95%O2-5%CO2 at 37℃ in a Langendorff apparatus. Forty-eight isolated hearts were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each): Ⅰ control group (group C), Ⅱ low concentration sevoflurane group ( group S1 ), Ⅲ high concentration sevoflurane group (group S2 ), Ⅳ hypothermia group (group H), Ⅴ hypothermia + low concentration sevoflurane (group HS1 ) and Ⅵ hypothermia + high concentraion sevoflurane (group HS2 ).Group C received continous perfusion. Group S1and S2 received perfusion with K-H solution saturated with 2.4% and 4.8% sevoflurane at 37 ℃ for 30 min respectively. Group H received perfusion with K-H solution at 30℃ for 30 min. Group HS1 and HS2 received perfusion with K-H solution saturated with 2.4% and 4.8% sevoflurane at 30℃ respectively.MAPs of epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium of the left ventricle were recorded. MAP duration at 90%repolarization(MAPD90)and TDR were calculated. Early after-depolarization,delayed after-depolarization and arrhythmia were also recorded. Results Compared with group C, MAPD90 of the 3 layers of ventricle was significandy prolonged, the incidence of arrhythmia increased in group H (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in TDR among all groups ( P＞0.05). There was no interaction between sevoflurane and hypothermia (P＞0.05), and it only showed that MAPD90 was prolonged by hypothermia (P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Hypothermia combined with sevoflurane exerts no significant effects on myocardial MAP and TDR of ventricles in rabbits, and sevoflurane decreases the incidence of hypothermia-induced arrhythmia through inhibiting the prolongation of MAPD90.

Objective To retrospectivly analyze the value of Pap smear,liquid-based cells, colposcopy and colposcopic cervical biopsy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Methods 116 cases of cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed, and the value of Pap smear,liquid-based cells ,colposcopy,and colposcopic cervical biopsy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer were investigated. Result 116 patients were pathologically diagnosed with cervical cancer before and after surgery. Pap smear was performed for 30 patients (25.9%) ,and 10 patients (33.3%) were detected with HSIL. Liquid-based cells was performed for47 patients (40.5%) ,and 25 patients (53.1%) were detected with HSIL. Colposcopy was performed for 99 patients (85.3%), and 75 patients (75.8 % ) were detected with HSIL or invasive cancer. Preoperative colposcopic biopsy was performed for 99 patients, and the pathological coincidence rate was 94.9%. There was no significant difference statistically between two cytology screening ( P ＞ 0.05 ). There was significant difference statistically between liquid-based cells and colposcopy ( P ＜ 0.01 ). There were significant differences statistically among liquid-based cells,colposcopy ,and colposcopic cervical biopsy ( P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion Cytology, colposcopy, colposcopic cervical biopsy could not be individually more complete and accurate detection of cervical cancer. Colposcopy,colposcopic biopsy than cytology had higher accurate rate of diagnosis of cervical cancer. A reasonable combination of multiple detection methods could improve the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cancer.

B-type ultrasound images have important applications in medical diagnosis. However, the widely spread intensity inhomogeneity, low-scale contrast, constructed defect, noise and blurred edges all make it difficult to implement automatic segmentation of lesion in the images. Based on region level set method, a subordinate degree region level set model was proposed, in which subordinate degree probability of each pixel was defined to reflect the pixel subjection grade to target and background respectively. Pixels were classified to either target or background by calculation of their subordinate degree probabilities, and edge contour was obtained by region level set iterations. In this paper, lesion segmentation is regarded as local segmentation of specific area, and the calculation is restrained to the local sphere abide by the contour, which greatly reduce the calculation complexity. Experiments on B-type ultrasound images showed improved results of the proposed method compared to those of some popular level set methods.
Algorithms ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Probability ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonography

Objective To study the risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI)in an intensive care unit (ICU),and provide scientific evidence for CRBSI prevention and control.Methods 1 677 ICU patients with central venous catheterization (CVC)for>48 hours between January 2008 and December 2012 were divided in-to CRBSI group and non-CRBSI group,risk factors for CRBSI were analyzed.Results The utilization rate of CVC was 92.88% (21 041 d);86 (5.13%)patients developed CRBSI,the incidence of CRBSI per 1 000 catheterization-day was 4.02,the mortality of CRBSI group was significantly higher than non-CRBSI group (58.14% [50/86]vs 36.83%[586/1 591])(χ2 =15.74,P <0.01 ).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for CRBSI in-cluded length of stay in ICU>5 days,CVC>5 days,the episode of CVC>1 (P <0.01).Conclusion Realizing the occur-rence status and risk factors of CRBSI in ICU patients can provide reference for further targeted monitor and implementation of zero tolerance goal of the CRBSI.