AIM: To discuss the application of overlapping ratio to the fingerprints of plant and plant extract. METHODS: We took the HPLC fingerprints of green tea and tea polyphenols for decision procedure. RESULTS: Overlapping ratio could be applied to selecting representative samples for characteristic fingerprints of green tea and tea polyphenols,and could be used to deduce the raw material,process and producer of tea polyphenols.(CONCLUSION:) Overlapping ratio can be used to choose the suitable samples for establishing the characteristic fingerprint spectrum,and can supply references to relationship investigation among products,raw material and process.

This article stated the status,major problems and methods in medical professional English teaching.The effective ways might be by means of training teachers,writing suitable textbooks,providing professional English speaking environment and improving model of teaching.

Child ; Extraoral Traction Appliances ; Humans ; Molar ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; instrumentation ; Prognosis ; Time Factors ; Tooth Crown ; surgery ; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic ; surgery ; therapy ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To investigate the long-term protective effects of the waistband onto lumbar spins.Based on the practical situation,to search for some effective and convenient methods,such as wearing waistband and mutual massage,to prevent from lumbago for the army drivers worked in plateau.Methods 372 army drivers,young males,healthy and all worked in plateau,ware involved as the treatment group in the present study.Another 545 army drivers with the similar physical qualities,also worked in plateau,were selected as the control group.For the treatment group,a kind of special waistband was employed for the drivers,and mutual massage on hack of each other was performed among them;while in control group the army drivers were given no measures for lumbar protection and lumbago pre- vention.All the drivers in the both groups ware in normal driving conditions.The therapeutic effects of the waistband and the lumbago symptoms were investigated by epidemiologic survey 16 months later,Results The epidemiologic survey results showed that the incidence of lumbago in the drivers of control group(72.8%)was significantly higher than that in the treatment group(30.9%,P

Objective: To develop a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of catechins (EGC、DC、EGCG、EC、GCG、ECG) and caffeine in tea polyphenols and to quantify seven ingredients in twenty nine batches of tea polyphenols samples from thirteen producers. Methods: The study was achieved using a C 18 column with a methanol water 0.1% formic acid gradient elution system. Results: The peak resolutions of seven ingredients in mixed standards were all above 2; The resolutions in samples were all above 1.5 except EGCG; The average recoveries were 98.56%～100.14%. Conclusion: This method is accurate, stable, reproducible and suitable for quality control of tea polyphenols; the variations of contents are obvious among tea polyphenols samples from different even the same producers.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma,so as to provide theoretical base for the prevention of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 153 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (gallbladder carcinoma group) who were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 300 patients with cholecystolithiasis (cholecystolithiasis group) and 300 patients without gallbladder carcinoma or cholecystolithiasis (control group)were collected and matched at the ratio of 1∶2 to conduct the controlled study.Data were statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test and conditional Logistric regression.Results Univariate analysis showed significant difference in age,history of cholecystolithiasis,postmenopausal age,accumulated menstrual period,giving birth or not and number of birth between gallbladder carcinoma group and control group ( x2 =58.22,180.14,9.59,24.30,18.66,15.17,P ＜0.05).Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma (x2 =55.76,180.95,24.30,8.54,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of having gallbladder carcinoma in patients who had a history of cholecystolithiasis was 34 times higher than those who did not have the history of cholecystolithiasis (OR =34.22).Late postmenopausal age (51 -55 years old),longer accumulated menstrual period ( ≥30 years),and the number of birth ( 3 times) were associated with higher risk of gallbladder carcinoma (OR =3.96,9.68,3.51 ). Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma when comparing patients who have history of cholecystolithiasis in the gallbladder carcinoma group with those in the cholecystolithiasis group (x2 =70.66,16.66,11.59,4.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma ( x2 =64.29,8.82,5.58,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of gallbladder carcinoma increased as the increase of age and course of cholecystolithiasis. The accumulated menstrual period ≥ 30 years was also a risk factor of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusions Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,course of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth may be the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma.For patients with age above 60 years and course of cholecystolithiasis above 3 years,cholecystectomy should be conducted to reduce the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma,and great importance should be attached to female patients with indications mentioned above.

Objective To explore risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with gallstone disease. Methods The clinical data of 429 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with gallstone disease (case group) and 2145 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without gallstone disease (control group) were collected from the Health Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2007 to May 2010. According to sure (SBP), diastolic blood pressnre (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) and body mass index (BMI) were statistically analyzed by fourfold table chi-square test or conditional Logistic regression.Results Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of SBP, FBG, TC, HDL-CH and BMI between the case group and the control group (x2 =20.323, 4.365, 4.028, 7.049, 7.319, P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that SBP, TC, HDL-CH and BMI were risk factors for gallstone disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (x2 = 18. 047, 6. 905, 12. 884, 7. 557, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Increased SBP, TC and BMI and decreased HDL-CH may be the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with gallstone disease.

Objective To construct pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G and transfer it into rabbit smooth muscle cells (SMC) in order to provide a high-efficiency vector for SMC gene transfer. Methods We constructed pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G containing the previously reported gene lacZ, determined the titer, and determined the efficiency of gene transfer into SMC mediated by pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G. Finally the transfer efficiency was compared with that by MuLV. Results MuLV/VSV-G vector was constructed. The titer of the vector was 6-7.8×10~6CFU, the transfer efficiency was (92±12)% by using MuLV/VSV-G vector and (24±5)% by MuLV vector. Conclusion Pseudotyped retroviral vector MuLV/VSV-G which was constructed successfully is a kind of high-efficiency gene transfer vector in smooth muscle cells.

Objective To discuss the relationship between GULP1 gene polymorphism of Chinese Han population and schizophrenia,cognitive function.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method was used to detect 86 patients with schizophrenia and 72 normal controls GULP1 gene SNPrs2004888 polymorphism;Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) assessment of two groups of memory and executive function,and assessed with the PANSS scale clinical symptoms.Results The differences of GULP1 gene SNP(rs2004888) polymorphism genotype and allele frequency was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.71、32.21,all P＜0.05).Genotypes in patients with group comparison of cognitive function between groups showed the genotype groups Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory scores were significant(P＜0.05),G/G and T/T genotype compared with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in the number of errors,error numbers and classification numbers significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion GULP1 gene SNPrs2004888 polymorphism was associated with schizophrenia,and also related to cognitive function in schizophrenia.

Objective To analyze characteristics of severe liver trauma and efficacy of different surgical procedures. Methods Clinical data of 109 patients with severe liver trauma treated in the recent 10 years were retrospectively analyzed. Debriding suture was performed in 32 patients, gauze tamponade in 5, debridement hepatectomy in 59 and anatomical hepatectomy in 13 patients. Results In all the 109 patients, 92 were cured and 17 died. The dead patients included 3 with grade Ⅲ trauma,9 with grade Ⅳ trauma, and 5 with grade V trauma. Among the dead patients, there were 3 patients with simple liver injury (17.6%) and 14 with associated injury (82.4%). Conclusion Right hepatic serious damage is the main type of severe liver trauma and is always complicated with associated injury and needs emergency treatment. Application of the most appropriate surgical approach according to the traumatic condition is important to promote the successful rate of treatment.