AIM: To detect surface electromyogram (EMG) signal accurately.METHODS: How to reduce noise in the detection of surface EMG signal was discussed. It has been explored to design an electrode unit by using methods of differential amplification, active electrode, filter and so on , andto investigate the electrode shape and the right placing method.RESULTS: The instrumentation amplifier AD620 was adopted to design a bipolar active electrode, which has been successfully used in the surface EMG detection.CONCLUSION: Experiments show that using active electrode can improve ratio of signal and noise, reduce noise and detect surface EMG signal effectively.

Objective: To develop a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of catechins (EGC、DC、EGCG、EC、GCG、ECG) and caffeine in tea polyphenols and to quantify seven ingredients in twenty nine batches of tea polyphenols samples from thirteen producers. Methods: The study was achieved using a C 18 column with a methanol water 0.1% formic acid gradient elution system. Results: The peak resolutions of seven ingredients in mixed standards were all above 2; The resolutions in samples were all above 1.5 except EGCG; The average recoveries were 98.56%～100.14%. Conclusion: This method is accurate, stable, reproducible and suitable for quality control of tea polyphenols; the variations of contents are obvious among tea polyphenols samples from different even the same producers.

Objective Investigation and analysis of intelligence and psychomotor function in children born after implementingt universal salt iodization(USI). Methods Historical serious illness areas of water iodine below 10μg/L were selected as study sites, water iodine in 50 - 100 μg/L in the historical non-endemic areas were as control points in Henan, 2008. Cluster sampling was used to select children aged 6 - 15 years as observing subjects,IQ were measured with CRT- Man Test(CRT-C2). A "Tianjin Medical psychomotor test battery" (JPB) was carry out to test psychomotor function. Results In IDD regions 230 children were surveyed post-USI and 1284 children preUSI. The IQs post and pre USI were 99.3 and 99.9, respectively, and the proportion of IQ ≤69 were 2.17%(6/230) and 2.80%(36/1284), respectively. In non-IDD regions 650 children were surveyed post-USI and 2079children pre-USI. The IQs post and pre USI were 95.3 and 93.8, respectively, and the proportion of IQ ≤ 69 were 2.31%(15/650) and 3.37%(70/2079), respectively. In IDD regions, the abnormal rate of T scores and damage index post USI were 3.6%(2/56), 5.3%(3/56), respectively, significantly lower than pre USI [18.1%(29/160),18.1%(29/160), x2 = 7.54, 6.86, all P ＜ 0.01]. Conclusions USI could increase the IQs of children and decrease the positive rate of JPB, and significantly improve the quality of whole nation and persistently eliminating IDD.

BACKGROUND: Caspase-3 is a cysteine proteinase that can promote cell apoptosis. Ciliary neurotrophic factor has many kinds of biological activities, such as protecting various neurons from injury, especially motorial neurons, thereby reducing the occurrence of nerve cell injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the Influence of ciliary neurotrophic factor on spinal cord caspase-3 expression in different ages rats following sciatic nerve injury, aiming to make further investigation about the changing regularity and modulating character of peripheral nerve damage at various ages rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Ultrasound Department and the 5th Research Institute of Daping Hospital, Field Surgery Research Institute of the 3rd Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Field Surgery Research Institute of the 3rd Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2000 to December 2001. Altogether 810 wistar rats including infant rats with body mass of 30-100 g (birth age of 20 days), adult rats of 200-350 g (birth age of 4 m), elder rats of 400-800 g (birth age of 18-24 m),were selected with 270 rats in each age stage. Female and male does not limit.METHODS: [1] Experimental animal grouping: Various age rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=18), ciliary neurotrophic factor group(n=126) and physiological saline group (n=126), rats in ciliary neurotrophic factor group and physiological saline group were subdivided into 1 day, 3days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks subgroups. [2] Animal model preparation: In Ciliary neurotrophic factor group and physiological saline group, rats were cut off a piece of sciatic nerve of 2 mm long, both ends connected with silica tube for constructing neuranagenesis cab, in which 15 μL recombined ciliary neurotrophic factor (25 mg/L) was injected in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, and 15 μL physiological saline in physiological saline group. [3] Preparation and examination of specimen:Six rats were randomly selected from each group, lumbar L3-5 spinal cord were obtained for carryingonnation, caspase-3 activity examination and Western blotting examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Expression of spinal cord caspase-3 with IHC assay. [2] Distribution and expression intensity of spinal cordcaspase-3 by Western blotting technique. [3] Changes in caspase-3 activity.RESULTS: Altogether 810 rats completed the experiment, all data was entered the final result analysis. [1] Expression of spinal cord caspase-3 with IHC assay: After injury, neuronal caspase-3 expression became strengthened at injured side of various age physiological saline groups, which obviously increased at posttraumatic 2 weeks and 4 weeks, but less expressed at 8 weeks and 12 weeks; while in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, posttraumatic caspase-3 expression was mostly obvious at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. [2] Distribution and expression intensity of spinal cordcaspase-3 by Western blotting technique: Caspase-3 expression was not significant difference between various age subgroups in normal group(P ＞ 0.05). Comparing to the same age normal group and non traumatic group, caspase-3 expression was strengthened at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in various age physiological saline group and ciliary neurotrophic factor group damages (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, caspase-3 showed weaker expression at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in infants; 2weeks and 4 weeks in adults, 4 weeks in elders comparing to corresponding physiological saline group, difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The comparison between untraumatic side of each group and normal group showed no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05). [3] Changes in caspase-3 activity: In child, adult and elder physiological saline groups, caspase-3 activity was increased in traumatic spinal cord, moreover caspase-3 activity was higher than elder and adult group at various age point (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); in child, adult and elder ciliary neurotrophic factor groups, caspase-3 activity is lower than physiological saline group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). After damage,caspase-3 activity at traumatic side in physiological saline group and ciliary neurotrophic factor group was difference from normal group but without significant meaning (P ＞ 0.05), except the expression in child posttraumatic 12 weeks group was lower than normal group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: After sciatic nerve damage, caspase-3 protein expression and activity were found to be increased in spinal cord of different age groups rats which can be reduced by extragenous ciliary neurotrophic factor, which playing protective role on spinal cord nerve cells, such protection would gradually attenuated in child group, adult group to elder group in turns.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for Ⅱ and Ⅲ stage breast cancer.Methods Forty-six patients,suffering from Ⅱ and Ⅲ stage breast cancer admitted to 309 Hospital of PLA from Jun.2003 to Dec.2008,and received breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,were followed-up.Chemotherapy protocol included intravenous injection of epirubicin 60mg/m2 on day 1 and continuous intravenous infusion of paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 for 3 hours on day 2.The neoadjuvant chemotherapy was repeated every 21 days for 2-4 cycles.Patients eligible for breast conserving therapy received quadrantectomy or wide excision of tumor plus axillary lymph node resection.Evidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis and breast contour were followed up after surgery.Results After neoadjuvant chemotherapy,9 patients showed complete clinical response(CR),37 patients showed partial response(PR).Post-operative pathological examination showed that there were varied degrees of apomorphosis and necrosis of tumor cells,interstitial edema,fibrous hyperplasia,and inflammatory cell infiltration,among them pathological remission was found in 4 cases.The patients were followed up for 8 to 70 months with a mean of 58 months,local recurrence was found in 4 cases distant metastasis was found in 3 patients,and 2 of them died.Assessment of breast contour was carried out in 31 cases 1 year after breast conserving therapy,and excellent results were obtained in 6 cases,good in 18 cases and poor in 7 cases.Conclusions It is safe for patients with Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage breast cancer to receive preoperatively treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Routine operation,postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy and systemic support are the keys to achieve satisfactory result of breast conserving therapy.

AIM: To discuss the application of overlapping ratio to the fingerprints of plant and plant extract. METHODS: We took the HPLC fingerprints of green tea and tea polyphenols for decision procedure. RESULTS: Overlapping ratio could be applied to selecting representative samples for characteristic fingerprints of green tea and tea polyphenols,and could be used to deduce the raw material,process and producer of tea polyphenols.(CONCLUSION:) Overlapping ratio can be used to choose the suitable samples for establishing the characteristic fingerprint spectrum,and can supply references to relationship investigation among products,raw material and process.

41 cases of infant thrush in observation group were treated by 10% rhubarb decoction wipe on the affected area followed by pow-dered “alum 3 +goldthread 2 +borneol 1”coating;41 cases in the control group were treated by 1% ~2% baking soda scrub on the affect-ed area followed by glycerol wipe containing 50 000 to 100 000 units/ml of nystatin.The efficiency was 95.12%(39 /41)and 75.61%(31 /41)in observation and control groups respectively(P <0.05).The external use of chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of in-fant thrush.

Objective To test the degree of acceptance and understanding of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood;To further optimize and modify the entries. Methods A small sample pre-survey and group interviews were used to get the feedback information abut entries of patients, then the panel discussed to modify entries according to the data information. Results After a small sample pre-survey and group interviews, 11 items for modification were obtained, including the rejection in physical pain, belching and so on. Through further optimization and modification, the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood covered 41 entries in physiological domain, 11 entries in psychological domain, 1 entry in independent domain, and 8 entries in social domain. Conclusion The core part of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood was formed, which comprehensively reflects the connotation of stagnation syndrome of qi and blood.

Objective To study the influence of Ivor-Lewis surgery on lung function and quality of life of elderly patients with esophageal cancer .Methods 122 elderly patients with esophageal cancer were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group ,61 cases in each group .The control group was given Sweet surgery , observation group was given Ivor-Lewis surgery.The operative time,blood loss,number of lymph node dissection , drainage and hospitalization time were observed .Postoperative lung function 3 days after operation and life quality of patients 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups .Results The operative time,blood loss, drainage,and hospital stay in the observation group were (162.4 ±30.4) min,(260.1 ±33.7) mL,(1 254.1 ± 311.2)mL,(11.2 ±3.1)d,which were significantly lower than (201.6 ±33.6)min,(315.2 ±41.3)mL,(1 928.3 ± 346.1)mL,(17.6 ±3.6)d in the control group (t=3.627,4.662,2.716,3.772,all P<0.05).The number of lymph node dissection in the observation group was more than the control group (t=9.062,P<0.05).Before treat-ment,FEV1,FVC and PEF had no significant differences (t=0.612,0.301,0.772,all P>0.05).After treatment for 3 days,FEV1 of the control group and observation group were (1.89 ±0.47)L,(2.18 ±0.42)L;FVC were (2.44 ± 0.31)L,(2.87 ±0.25)L.PEF were (4.01 ±0.26)L/s,(4.52 ±0.29)L/s.After treatment for 3 days,FEV1,FVC and PEF in the control group were significantly decreased (t=4.162,3.997,5.012,all P<0.05).In the observation group,FEV1,FVC before and postoperative 3 days had no significant differences (t=1.032,0.924,all P>0.05), 3 days after treatment,PEF of the observation group was significantly decreased (t=3.128,P<0.05).After treat-ment for 3 days,FEV1 ,FVC and PEF of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=5.186,3.017,3.112,P<0.05).Before surgery,scores of life quality in the control group and observation group were (5.41 ±1.83)points and (5.31 ±1.77)points.After surgery were (7.01 ±2.16)points and (8.35 ±2.27) points.Quality of life in two groups were improved after operation .Life quality of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (t=2.864 4,P<0.05).Conclusion Ivor-Lewis surgical procedures can significantly improve lung function and quality of life in elderly patients with esophageal cancer .

Objective:To explore the curative effect and adverse reactions of cisplatin combined with rIL-2 on malignant pleural effusion. Methods:Totally 60 cases of patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into the observation group ( 30 cases) and the control group (30 cases). In the observation group, 30 cases were given intrapleural injection of cisplatin and rIL-2 af-ter the pleural effusions were drained, and in the control group, the patients received intrapleural injection of cisplatin. Both of the two groups were observed of tumor response and drug adverse reactions, compared the quelity of life and immune function indicators before and after treatment. Results:The response rate in the observation group was 83. 3%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (56. 7%) (P<0. 05). The improvement of Karnofsky score in the observation group was 86. 7%, which was also nota-bly higher than that in the control group(63. 3%) (P<0. 05). After the treatment, CD4 level and CD4/CD8 were significantly in-creased in the observation group(P<0. 05), while those in the control group were notably decreased (P<0. 05), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions shew no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Cisplatin combined with rIL-2 shows confirmed effects in the patients with malignant pleural effusion.