To explore and identify the therapeutic components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a complex intervention through grounded theory, and the correlation and interaction within this model and the possible effects that they may have on the therapeutic effects of TCM.

Clinical trials play a critical role in medical research. However, only a few clinical trials conducted at present have been registered at various clinical trial registries. Clinical trial registration can prevent bias in these registered trials effectively and avoid unnecessary waste of resources due to meaningless repeats. Moreover, it will benefit the development of evidence-based medicine, and promote human welfare. Great attention has been paid to the importance and necessity of clinical trial registration. This review briefly introduced the definition, justification, contents, history, current status of clinical trial registration, and introduced the information regarding important international clinical trial registries in detail. Clinical trial registration should be developed toward a transparent, compulsory and comprehensive stage.

In recent years, there were several extreme conflicts between doctors and patients in Otorhinolaryn-gology department. Medical field always contributes the disputes to medical system and patients′quality, however, the public blames the doctors′morality. This article analyzes these incidents in the perspective of ethics and social medicine, trying to find the causes. And it puts forward the countermeasures in terms of medical education, hospi-tal, and the medical personnel.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Zhenbao pill on acute spinal cord injury of rat and its possible mechanisms.Methods 64 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a injury group and a drug group, with 32 rats in each group, A T10 acute incomplete spinal cord injury model was produced by using modified Allen technique in the two groups,Zhenbao pill mixed suspension of 0.6 g/kg was given by gavage method daily in the drug group 30 min after moding, the same amount of saline was given in the injury group. Behavior detection were conducted in the first day, third day, and the seventh day after modeling to each 8 rats of the two groups. Spinal cord specimens was got centered about the damage points after rats were executed. histopathological changes were observed under HE staining, the MDA content were determined by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometer and the apoptotic cells were marked by TUNEL method.Results After 1, 3, 7 d, compared with the injury group, the MDA level in the rat spinal cord tissue in the drug group (15.12 ± 1.27 nmol/mgvs.19.71 ± 1.29 nmol/mg, 20.42 ± 1.33 nmol/mgvs.24.65 ±1.36 nmol/mg, 10.46±1.49 nmol/mg vs.15.46 ± 1.44 nmol/mg) decreased(P<0.05); the apoptosis rate of drug groups (19.61% ± 1.49%vs.26.61% ±1.52%, 21.49% ± 1.37% vs.32.37% ± 1.24%, 13.04% ±  1.30%vs.18.35% ± 1.27%)decreased (P<0.05); the BBB score of drug groups (6.52 ± 1.27vs. 2.63 ± 1.27), (12.68 ± 1.32 vs.6.17 ± 1.34), (15.47 ± 1.27 vs.11.57 ± 1.29) was higher than the injury group (P<0.05). Conclusion Zhenbao pill can significantly improve the histopathological examination,reduce the MDA content in the injured spinal cord specimen of the rat and the rate of neuronal apoptosis, which may promote recovery of neurologic function in the rat suffered from ASCI.

Objective Porphyrin, when conjugated with glucose, will be improved in its water solubility and biocompatibility. Methods In this paper, based on 4- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucosyloxy)benzaldehyde and pyrrole, glucose conjugated porphyrins were synthesized in an optimized process, while porphyrin dimer was synthesized by the Ag-promoted coupling reaction of glycoconjugated porphyrin monomer.Results The compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and MS. Results showed that porphyrin conjugated with two glucose units has slight water solubility, while porphyrin conjugated with three or four glucose units has excellent water solubility. Conclusion Glucoconjugation improves water-solubility of porphyrins, which will enlarge its application in biological fields.

Child ; Extraoral Traction Appliances ; Humans ; Molar ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; instrumentation ; Prognosis ; Time Factors ; Tooth Crown ; surgery ; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic ; surgery ; therapy ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To evaluate the effect of medical hygiene wipes on disinfecting object surface and compliance to use in an intensive care unit (ICU).Methods 30 beds in the ICU at a hospital were randomly selected and divided into three groups:A,B and C,each group had 10 beds.Group A were only provided hygiene wipes,group B used towel soaked in chlorine-containing disinfectant (disinfected towel),group C were provided both medical hygiene wipes and disinfected towel for selected use.Compliance to different disinfection methods,and disinfectant efficacy on object surface were compared.Results The rate of compliance to disinfection in group A was higher than group B (78.78% vs 42.12%,χ2 =68.56,P <0.05);except medical disposal trolley and ventilator,compliance to disinfection of the other object surface in group A were all higher than group B (all P <0.05).Except ventilator, adenosis triphosphate (ATP)values before and after disinfection of object surface in group A and B were both significantly different (both P <0.05 ),disinfectant efficacy of group A was superior to group B.Group C used medical hygiene wipes more than disinfected towel ([836 times,91 .57%]vs [77 times,8.43%]).Nurses spent (20.15+ 3.00 )minutes on preparing disinfectant every day,and (15.02 ± 2.00 )minutes on washing used disinfected towel,while hygiene wipes could be used immediately,discarded after use,and was timesaving. Conclusion Use of medical hygiene wipes is convenient,rapid,and without irritating odor,it also improves disinfection effect on object surface and ICU health care workers’compliance to disinfection.

Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography ; methods

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen gas on the myocardial injury in rats with endotoxemia.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each ):control group (group C ),hydrogen gas control group (group HC ),endotoxemia group (group E) and hydrogen gas + endotoxemia group (group LH).Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 20 mg/kg in groups E and LH,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in groups C and HC.After LPS administration,the rats were exposed to the air containing 2％ hydrogen gas for 6 h in groups HC and LH,and the rats were exposed to the air for 6 h in groups C and E.Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta after 6 h inhalation of hydrogen gas to determine the serum level of cTnI.The hearts were then removed to determine the content of TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB ( NF-κB) inhibitory protein (p-IκB-α) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in the myocardial tissues.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK in group HC ( P ＞ 0.05),and the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased and the expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK was up-regulated in groups E and LH ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group E,the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased and the expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK was down-regulated in group LH ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen gas can reduce the myocardial injury in rats with endotoxemia,and inhibition of the p38MAPK and NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway and reduction of the inflammatory response of myocardial tissues are involved in the mechanism.

Objective To explore the effects of the pre-pregnant body mass index(BMI) and the pregnancy growth on the mater-nal and neonatal outcomes .Methods 250 pregnant women with the built file ,regular antenatal inspection and hospital delivery in our hospital during 2011 were selected and divided into the emaciation group ,the appropriate group and the obesity group according to the pre-pregnant BMI .The occurrence rates of cesarean section ,fetal macrosomia ,low birth weight ,postpartum hemorrhage ,ges-tational diabetes ,gestational hypertension disease ,fetal distress ,neonatal asphyxia and puerperal infection were compared among the various groups .In addition ,according to the different growth amplitudes of pregnancy BMI ,the pregnant women were re-divided in-to 3 groups(weight gain insufficient group ,weight gain appropriate group and weight gain overmuch group ) and the different ma-ternal and neonatal outcomes were compared .Results The occurrence rates of cesarean section ,macrosomia ,gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension disease in the obesity group were significantly higher than those in the emaciation group and the appro-priate group(P<0 .05) ,while the occurrence rate of the low birth weight in the emaciation group was significantly higher than that of the appropriate group and the obesity group(P<0 .05);the occurrence rates of cesarean section ,macrosomia ,gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension disease in the weight gain overmuch group were significantly higher than those in the weight gain in-sufficient group and the weight gain appropriate group(P<0 .05) ,while the occurrence rate of low birth weight in the weight gain insufficient group was significantly higher than that of the weight gain appropriate group and the weight gain overmuch group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The maternal and neonatal outcomes in the pregnant women with pre-pregnant BMI exceeding the standard and pregnant BMI overmuch growth are very worrying .The growth of pre-pregnant BMI and pregnant BMI is one of the important indi-cators for monitoring the maternal and neonatal complications .