Objective To investigate effects of multimodal analgesia on cytokines and cortisol levels in patients received surgical treatment for radical colon cancer.Methods Eighty-six patients with radical colon cancer treated with surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group only received routine epidural anesthesia and the observation group received multimodal analgesia.Preoperative and postoperative VAS scores,cytokines and cortisol levels were measured.Results Compared with those of the control group,the following 5 indicators decreased significantly in the observation group including VAS scores of after 24 h,48 h,72 h,IL-8 and TNF-α after 24 h,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α after 48 h,Cor after 24h,and Cor and ACTH after 48 h (P＜0.05).Conclusion Perioperative multi-mode analgesia helps relieve pain,stress and inflammatory cytokines among patients after the surgery for radical colon cancer.

The change of hemodynamics and hemorrheology induced by hypoxia challenge in the dog were investigated. The results showed that hypoxia caused significant decrease of cardiac output,increased pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Hypoxia also caused increase of blood viscosity. In terms of changes of the reduced viscosity is directly related to the deformation and agglutination properties of red blood cells.

The information entropy, H = - Pk log Pk, has been proved in this paper to be always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation, so that it can be used as a measuring index. On the contrary, the integral term of the information entropy, H(x) = -f(x) log f(x) dx, is not always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation. Therefore, H(x) can not be used as a measuring index. An example of a probability density function for response of nerve to electric current with different intensities is given to confirm above conclusions.

Aged ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the effects of isoflurane postconditioning on long-term cognitive function of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI).Methods Sixty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 12-16 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Ⅰ),isoflurane postconditioning group (group Ⅱ),cerebral hypoxia-ischemia group (group Ⅲ),and isoflurane postconditioning after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia group (group Ⅳ).Brain ischemia was induced by permanent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by inhalation of 8 ％ O2-92 ％ N2 for 2 h at 37 ℃ in Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups.In Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups,the left common carotid artery was only isolated but not ligated.The rats inhaled 1.5％ isoflurane in 30％ O2-70％ N2 for 30 min starting from 2 h of hypoxia in Ⅱ and Ⅳ groups.The rats were exposed to 30％ O2-70％ N2 for 30 min in Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups.Morris water maze test was carried out at 30-35 days after HIBI.The escape latency,swimming speed,swimming distance,the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,the percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant and the percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant were recorded.The animals were sacrificed after Morris water maze test.The density of normal neurons in ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus and hippocampal CA3 region in left and right cerebral hemisphere was measured and the ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere was calculated.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at 30-34 days after HIBI in group Ⅲ and at 31 and 34 days after HIBI in Ⅳ group,the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant,percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant,and ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were decreased at day 35 after HIBI in group Ⅲ,no significant changes were found in the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant,and percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant,and the ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere was decreased at day 35 after HIBI in group Ⅳ,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group Ⅱ.Compared with group Ⅲ,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 31-34 days after HIBI,and the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant,percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant,and ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were increased at day 35 after HIBI in group Ⅳ.There was no significant difference in the swimming speed and swimming distance at day 35 after HIBI between groups.Conclusion Isoflurane postconditioning can improve long-term cognitive function of neonatal rats with HIBI.

Objective To evaluate the effects of isoflurane postconditioning on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in brain tissues of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Methods One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 12-16 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),isoflurane group (group I),hypoxicischemic brain injury group (group HIBI),and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury + isoflurane postconditioning group (group HI).To establish hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model in the neonatal rats,the left common carotid artery ligation was carried out,and then the rats were exposed to 8％ O2 + 92％ N2 at 37 ℃ for 2 h in HIBI and HI groups.The rats inhaled 1.5 ％ isoflurane for 30 min after the model was established in group HI.The rats only inhaled 1.5％ isoflurane for 30 min in group I.At 24 h after the model was established,10 rats taken out randomly in each group were sacrificed and brains were removed to detect mPTP opening.At 7 days after the model was established,the survival rate was recorded in the rest rats.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed and the right and left cerebral hemispheres were weighed separately,and the ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres was calculated.The density of normal neurons in ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus and hippocampal CA3 region in the left and right cerebral hemispheres were measured and the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group S,the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere,weight of left cerebral hemisphere,and ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres were significantly decreased,and mPTP opening was increased in group HIBI (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group I (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group HIBI,the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere,weight of left cerebral hemisphere,and ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres were significantly increased,and mPTP opening was decreased in group HI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury may be related to inhibition of mPTP opening in brain tissues of neonatal rats.

The present study is to explore the change process and distribution of phosphorylated DARPP-32 (p-DARPP-32) in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum and to further deduce whether p-DARPP-32 was possibly involved in epilepsy induced by repetitive low doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). PTZ-induced epilepsy model in rat was established with 30 male SD rats randomly divided into 6 groups, control group and five trial groups [PTZ 1 h, PTZ 6 h, PTZ 24 h, PTZ 48 h and PTZ 72 h respectively, after onset of status epilepticus (SE)]. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double-labeling were used to detect the temporal time change and distribution of p-DARPP-32 expression and to analyze the coexpression of DARPP-32 and p-DARPP-32 in rat brain after the onset of PTZ-induced generalized SE. The results showed that there was a temporal time change of p-DARPP-32 expression in rat brain after the onset of SE. The number of p-DARPP-32-positive cells increased significantly and reached the peaks at the ends of 1 hour and 6 hours after the onset of SE, but decreased at the end of 24 hours. The moderate to strong p-DARPP-32-immunopositive neurons were observed in cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and located in cell cytoplasm and cell nucleus. Further immunofluorescence double-labeling revealed that denser colocalization of p-DARPP-32 and DARPP-32 in the neurons existed in the area mentioned above. Therefore, PTZ-induced SE may cause phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in rat brain. The temporal time change and distribution of p-DARPP-32 suggest that phosphorylation of DARPP-32 may be involved in PTZ-induced epilepsy in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and p-DARPP-32 may play a central role in the onset of SE.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Pentylenetetrazole ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus ; chemically induced ; metabolism

Objective To investigate functional role and clinical significance of the methylation in the promoter of TPAP gene in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.Methods Surgically resected specimen from 68 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as pancreatic cancer in Changhai Hospital from July 2006 to August 2009 were collected.The methylation in the promoter of TPAP gene in tumor and nontumor adjacent tissue was detected by methylation specific PCR.Results The methylation rate of tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissue was (0.214 ± 0.057) ％ and (0.084 ± 0.096) ％,respectively,and pancreatic cancer tissue had significantly higher methylation rate than the adjacent tissue.Hypermethylation of TPAP gene was not correlated with age,gender,tumor differentiation,lymphatic metastasis,serum CEA and CA19-9,but was positively correlated with distant metastasis.Conclusions Hypermethylation in the promoter of TPAP gene may participate in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and the hypermethylation of the promoter is closely associated with the tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer.

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to blindness in many fundus diseases.Study showed that naringenin suppresses CNV,but it presents with poor bioavailability because of its poor solubility in water.β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) can increase the water-solubility of drugs, however, whether the inhibitory effect of naringenin on CNV can be improved after clathrated with β-CD remains unclear.Objective This study was to compare the inhibitory effects of naringenin with naringenin/β-CD compounds on CNV in rats.Methods Naringenin/β-CD clathrate compounds were prepared with saturated solution,the solubility of naringenin in water was calculated based on standard curve.Thirty-two male Brown Norway rats were randomized into normal control group, model control group, naringenin group and naringenin/β-CD group.Laser-induced CNV models were created in the right eyes of rats from the model control group, naringenin group and naringenin/β-CD group.Naringenin and naringenin/β-CD clathrate compounds were intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg in the rats of naringenin group and naringenin/β-CD group since the day after modeling, respectively, once per day for 4 weeks, and equal volume of DMSO was injected in the same way in the model control group.Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) was injected via rat hypoglossal vein for the preparation of flatmounts of choroid in the fourth week,and the areas of CNV were measured and compared among the groups.The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid-sclera tissues were isolated from the rats, and the relative expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) , cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K),p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 mRNA and their proteins in RPE-choroid-sclera tissue were detected using real-time PCR and Western blot.Results The solubility of naringenin in water increased by 11.8 folds after encapsulated with β-CD.The CNV areas in the model control group, naringenin group and naringenin/β-CD group were (34.56± 1.67), (20.90± 1.47) and (13.20± 1.38) × 103 μm2 , respectively, showing significant reduces in the naringenin group and naringenin/β-CD group compared with the model control group (t =3.973 ,P＜O.05;t =5.532, P＜0.01) ,and the CNV area in the naringenin/β-CD group was significantly smaller than that in the naringenin group (t =3.605,P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of VEGF, COX-2, PI3K, p38MAPK, MMP-2, MMP-9 mRNA and their proteins were significantly declined in the normal control group,naringenin group and naringenin/β-CD group in comparison with the model control group (all at P＜0.05).In addition, the expression levels of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA and their proteins were significantly lower in the naringenin/β-CD group than those in the naringenin group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions The naringenin/β-CD clathrate compounds can improve the water solubility of naringenin and enhance their inhibitory effect on rats CNV.The inhibitory effect of naringenin on rats CNV probably is associated with anti-inflammatory pathway.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of mucormycosis in patients with renal failure. Methods We reported a 65-year old case of mucormycosis with chronic renal failure. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B. Mucormycosis complicated with renal failure were reviewed excluding mucormycosis peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis and desferrioxamine-related mucormycosis. Results Fifteen cases including our case were involved with mean age of 49.87?15.84 years old. Rhinocerebral,pulmonary,and disseminated forms accounted for 46.7%,33.3% and 20% respectively. Autopsy was made in 46.7% of patients. Mortality was 73.3% in all of them and 42.9% in seven patients who received antifungal therapy. All patients without treatments died. Conclusion Mucormycosis is a lethal invasive infection in patients with renal failure. The management to improve prognosis are early diagnosis,surgical debridement,drainage and aggressive antifungal chemo-therapy.