OBJECTIVE: To investigate the absorbability of 8 kinds of disposable filter membranes for infusion apparatus to 10 injectable drugs, thus to provide information for clinical medication. METHODS: Each drug was separately dissolved in 250 mL 5% dextrose solution. Samples of drug solutions were collected before and after being filtered by the membranes. These samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS methods. RESULTS: The 8 kinds of membranes had different adsorbabilities to the 10 injectable drugs. CN-CA membrane (CN-CA) and CN-CA Enhance membrane (CN-CA-E) adsorbed more drugs than other membranes (P<0.05). The average adsorption of PES membrane, NL-B membrane and ION membrane to the 10 drugs were lower than 1%. PP membrane and NL membrane to the 10 drugs were lower than 1.5%. CONCLUSION: PES membrane, ION membrane and NL-B membrane have lower adsorbabilityies than other membranes, thus may have little influence on medical treatment. They may be suitable for clinical application. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Ammonium Sulfate ; analysis ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Workplace

Objective To evaluate the mechanical characteristics of systolic left ventricular(LV) transmural torsion in different LV electro-mechanical patterns using speckle tracking imaging. Methods Five open-chest canine models were employed for the acquirement of the basal, apical short-axis and four-chamber views of LV during baseline(BASE) and right atrial appendage(RAA), right ventricular apical (RVA), left ventricular lateral wall (LVL) and left ventrieular apical (LVA) pacing. Subendocardial (subend),subepicardial(subepi) and bulk rotation angle(RA) and segmental angle excursion(AE) at basal and apical level were analyzed using a dedicated workstation. LV torsion at different layers and bulk and global LV ejection fraction (EF) were calculated. Results ① There were no significant difference of transmural torsion and RA at basal and apical level between BASE and RAA pacing (P>0.05);② LV torsion of subend, subepi and bulk during RVA pacing were lower than those during RAA pacing(P0.05);LV torsion of subend and bulk during LVA pacing were lower than those during RAA pacing(P0.05);LV RA of subend,subepi and bulk at basal level during RVA and LVA pacing were lower than those during RAA pacing (P<0.05); ③ For normal electro-mechanical pattern, LV torsion of subend were significant higher than that of subepi(P<0.05), there only were a higher tendency for all pacing models (P>0.05); ④AE of segments near the pacing site decreased during different ventricle paeings (P<0.05); ⑤At BASE and during RAA pacing, LV bulk and subepi torsion were positively correlated to EF; RA of subend,subepi and bulk at basal level were positively correlated to EF. Conclusions LV transmual torsion are significantly depressed during RVA and LVA pacing. There is a spatial co-relationship between LV EF and torsion and rotation of bulk and subepi at basal level in normal LV electro-mechanical patterns.

Applications of network pharmacology are increasingly widespread and methods abound in the field of drug development and pharmacological research. In this study, we choose rosiglitazone compound as the object to predict the targets and to discuss the mechanism based on three kinds of prediction methods of network pharmacology. Comparison of the prediction result has identified that the three kinds of prediction methods had their own characteristics: targets and pathways predicted were not in accordance with each other. However, the calcium signaling pathway could be predicted in the three kinds of methods, which associated with diabetes and cognitive impairment caused by diabetes by bioinformatics analysis. The above conclusion indicates that the calcium signaling pathway is important in signal pathway regulation of rosiglitazone compound, which provides a clue to further explain the mechanism of the compound and also provides a reference for the selection and application of methods of network pharmacology in the actual research.
Calcium Signaling ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Computational Biology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; methods ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology

To explore the influencing factors of major birth defects.The children of 0 -3 years and their mother from six different districts were surveyed from November 2009 to December 2009.The incidence rate was 134.27/10 000 (493/36 716)in 6 counties. And the first five birth defects were as follows:congenital heart disease,neural tube defects,cheilopalatognathus,polydactylia and hypophrenia.The risks and protective factors of the first 5 birth defects were different.Anamnesis of birth defects and defective children from relatives,multiple pregnancy & birth and intake of antipyretic analgesics during pregnancy were the common risk factor for the first 5 birth defects.The key points for the prevention of birth defects are to reinforce the pre-pregnancy guidance,the screening and evaluation of risk factors and disease prevention during pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the subtype distribution and sequence characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevalent among sexual infectors in Beijing. Methods We collected the blood samples from 100HIV sexual infectors in Beijing during 2008 and separated plasma specimens. RNA was extracted from the plasma and the gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced directly and phylogenetic analyses of gag gene was performed using the MEGA4 software. Results Among 100 HIV-1 plasma samples,84 gag gene fragments were amplified and analyzed. Eight HIV subtypes including B(22 strains), B'(8 strains),C( 1 strain) ,CRF01_AE (38 strains) ,CRF02_AG (2 strains) ,CRF07_BC(9 strains) ,CRF08_BC(3 strains) and C/CRF01_AE recombinant like strain( 1 strain) were identified circulating in Beijing. Conclusion CRF01 _AE and subtype B were predominant in Beijing account for 45.2% and 26.2% and the surveillance of HIV gene variation should be paid more attention.

Objective To assess subendocardial systolic circumferential strain(CS),radial strain(RS)and radial displacement(RD)of left ventricle(LV)in short-axis view and LV global systolic function in open-chest canine model with acute myocardial ischemia using velocity vector imaging(VVI),and to establish their spatial correlationships.Methods Left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)was ligated for 20 minutes to induce acute myocardial ischemia in 12 open-chest canine model.At baseline and 20 minutes after ischemia,two-dimensional dynamic gray-scale images of three standard left ventricular short-axis views at the levels of mitral annulus,papillary muscle and apex and the images of LV apical fourchamber and two-chamber view were acquired and transfefred to VVI workstation for off-line analysis.Peak systolic CS,RS and RD of eighteen segments and of three global short-axis sections of LV were measured at subendocardium.and LV ejection fraction(LVEF)and stroke volume(SV)were calculated using Simpson's method.The differences and correlationships were analyzed between them.Resuls Compared with the value at baseline,LVEF decreased significantly(P＜0.05)after ischemia.The peak systolic subendocardial CS,RS and RD of the affected segments,global CS,RD at papillary muscle and apex views and global RS at apex view were significantly lower than those at baseline after ischemia(P＜0.05).There was a good linear correlationship between the peak systolic CS and RD of 17 segments(except the middle segment of LV lateral wall after ischemia)and each global short-axis level before and after ischemia(r=0.662-0.995,P＜0.05,P＜0.01 or P＜0.001),The peak systolic RS of six segments and each global short-axis level(except the apex level at baseline)was correlated with RD(r=0.580-0.916,P＜0.05,P＜0.01 or P＜0.001);There was not statistical correlationship between global RDs and SV as well as LVEF.Conclusions Subendocardial circumferential strain and radial displacement may sensitively reflect the changes of regional and global myocardial systolic function induced by acute myocardial ischemia.The significant correlationship between subendocardial circumferential systolic strain and radial displacement might indicate that circumferential deformation of myocardium result in the changes of the radial displacement mainly.

Objective To evaluate the value of the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and P-POSSUM in predicting the risks of orthopedic surgeries for senile patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods A total of 108 patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent hip joint replacement were retrospectively studied using POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring system to predict their mortality and complication rate.The difference between predictive value and observed value was analyzed by chi-square test.Meanwhile,the patients were divided into two groups based on their POSSUM scores.The differences between two groups were analyzed.Results According to POSSUM scores,47 patients were predicted to have complications(the mean rate was 43.52％),but only 37 did actually (the rate was 34.26％).There was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values (P =0.238).The predicted death toll was 11 cases (the mean rate was 10.19％),but actually only 2 patients died (the rate was 1.85％).Predicted value was higher than observed value.In terms of complications,death toll agreed well with the predicted values calculated by P-POSSUM (predicted death of 4 cases' the mean mortality being 3.70％ ; actual death of 2 cases' the mortality was 1.85％) without significant difference (P =0.625).We divided the patients into two groups with the POSSUM scores 40,and there was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values (P =0.527,P =0.285).Conclusions POSSUM has better predictive ability of morbidity,but overestimates mortality.P-POSSUM more accurately predicts mortality than POSSUM.The predicted results of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring systems are satisfactory in the high risk group.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relation of plasma D-dimer levels and incidence of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery.

METHODSThe clinical data of 63 patients underwent spinal surgery from October 2009 to October 2010 were retrospective analyzed. There were 40 males and 23 females with an average age of 48 years old(21 to 76) in operation. Operation levels of 15 cases were in cervical vertebrae, 4 cases were in thoracic vertebrae,and 44 cases were in lumbar vertebrae. Thirty patients with spinal fracture were caused by trauma and 33 patients without trauma, 11 patients combined with nerve injury. The patients were divided into two groups according to plasma D-dimer levels, more than or equal to 500 microg/L was D-dimer positive group and less than 500 microg/L was D-dimer negative group. Venous blood of all patients early morning with empty stomach were testd on admission, and at 2 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 6 d, 8 d, 10 d, 15 d after operation,respectively.

RESULTSThere was no statistically significant differences in sex, operative segments, implants, operative posture, age, bleed volume, body weight, peroperative D-dimer levels between two groups. After operation, plasma D-dimer of 19 patients were more than or equal to 500 microg/L, with persistent or progressive increasing. Two cases occurred deep venous thrombosis in D-dimer positive group, they respectively were found at 3 days and 8 days after operation. Both of them underwent posterior decompression and internal fixation. However,no deep venous thrombosis was found in D-dimer negative group.

CONCLUSIONPostoperative D-dimer assay can effective predict deep venous thrombosis occurrence. D-dimer level more than or equal to 500 microg/L will be considered as a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; surgery ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thrombosis ; blood ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Young Adult