To understand the adverse drug reaction (ADR) induced by Mailuoning injection. 162 ADRs due to the drug were retrieved from national medical journals of 1988-2007 for statistics. It was shown that there was no relationship between ADR and dosage, but ADR appeared mostly in middle-aged and old groups, and more in male than in female. The occurrence of ADR was commonly within 30 min after injection. It involved injuries of various systems and organs. As for the 123 cases of allergy, 38 were anaphylactic shock (accounting for 23.46%), two people died. ADR characterized by immediate type on initial use and tachy type. It should be paid more attention to the Mailuoning injection for the immediate hypersensitivity reaction (such as anaphylactic shock).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors

Adult ; Coal Mining ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of using Compound Danshen Injection (CDI) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on early severe preeclampsia women.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was carried out in 95 patients with early severe preeclampsia from October 2008 to January 2011. They were assigned to 3 groups based on anticoagulant drugs. The routine therapy of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was given to the MgSO4 group (40 cases); the MgSO4 + CDI was given to those in the CDI group (23 cases), the MgSO4 + LMWH group was given to those in the LMWH group (32 cases). The general data of all patients were collected to analyze their effects on labor, postpartum hemorrhage, reasons for terminating the pregnancy, and maternal complications.

RESULTS(1) The average gestational week (weeks) of terminating the pregnancy was 31.7 +/- 1.9 in the MgSO4 group, 33.0 +/- 1.8 in the CDI group, and 32.8 +/- 1.7 in the LMWH group. The average weight of newborn babies (g) was 1 450.5 +/- 402.3 in the MgSO4 group, 1 582.2 +/- 332.5 in the CDI group, and 1 590.0 +/- 340.1 in the LMWH group. There was no obviously difference in the average gestational weeks or the average weight of newborn babies among the three groups. (2) The way of terminating the pregnancy was uterine-incision delivery. The main reasons for operation were sequenced as maternal complications, unsatisfied control of the blood pressure, and fetal distress. (3) The maternal complications in the three groups were sequenced as renal failure (12 cases), placental abruption (9 cases), hemolysis, increased liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome (8 cases). Sixteen (40.0%) had complications in the MgSO4 group, 12 (52.2%) in the CDI group, and 15 (46.9%) in the LMWH group. No statistic difference existed among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONSLMWH and CDI were helpful to improving the therapeutic effects of severe preeclampsia patients. They did not increase adverse drug reactions. They seemingly had effects on prolonging the gestational week.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Magnesium Sulfate ; therapeutic use ; Phenanthrolines ; therapeutic use ; Pre-Eclampsia ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible mechanism of the erector spinal muscles in idiopathic scoliosis by comparing the expression and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of the thoracic erector spinal muscles on convex side and concave side.

METHODSThe patient group comprised 8 females and 2 males who were scheduled for spinal surgery. The apex of scoliotic curve in these patients arose between T6 and T11. The mean age was 14.3 (range 12-17) years, and the mean Cobb angle was 57.7 degrees (range 45 degrees-85 degrees). Muscle biopsies were taken bilaterally during surgery from the superficial multifidus muscle at the apex of the curve between the 6th and 11th thoracic vertebral levels. Part of the tissue was fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the remaining tissue was snap frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Immunocytochemistry for nNOS and iNOS were performed using the EnVision two-step method. Western blot was done with antibodys to nNOS and iNOS. Immunoreactive bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence according to the manufacturer's specifications (Amersham Corp).

RESULTSnNOS protein in the erector spinal muscles was localized at the sarcolemma. Western blot demonstrated that nNOS protein expression in the concave side of erector spinal muscles is more than that in the convex side. A significant decrease in nNOS protein and activity was found on the convex side of erector spinal muscles from idiopathic scoliosis patients; There was a little immunoreactivity to iNOS in erector spinal muscles. There was little difference in iNOS protein expression between both sides of the curve. Western blot detected the same results.

CONCLUSIONThere is a greater expression of nNOS and iNOS on the concave side than on the convex side, suggesting nNOS and iNOS may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Scoliosis ; enzymology

ObjectiveTo study the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone(tBHQ) on sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries. Methods Chang liver cells were pretreated with tBHQ[0(control), 5, 25 μmol/L]for 24 h, and then co-treated with tBHQ(5 μmol/L) together with NaAsO2[0(control),30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L] for another 24 h, and Alamar blue reduction rates were used to evaluate cell viability,the results were expressed as the relative ratio of Alamar blue reduction rates between the experimental group and the control group. On the other hand, Chang liver cells were pretreated with tBHQ[0(control), 5, 25 μmol/L] for24 h,and then co-treated with tBHQ(5 μmol/L) together with NaAsO2[0(control), 40, 50 μmol/L] for another 24 h,and the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by staining cells with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCFH-DA), the results were expressed as the relative ratio of mean fluorescence intensity between the experimental group and the control group. ResultsCell viability decreased dramatically by treatment with NaAsO2(30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L), while relieved to some extent by pretreatment with 5, 25 μmol/L tBHQ, the main effects of NaAsO2 and tBHQ, as well as their interaction were all statistically significant(F =566.57, 55.09, 14.50,all P ＜ 0.05) ; the cell viability of NaAsO2(30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L) pretreated with tBHQ(5, 25 mol/L) were 0.75 ±0.02, 0.70 ± 0.04, 0.59 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.03 and 0.75 ± 0.02, 0.73 ± 0.03, 0.65 ± 0.02, 0.50 ± 0.02, respectively,all significantly higher than corresponding NaAsO2 alone groups(0.70 ± 0.03, 0.64 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.03, 0.33 ±0.01, all P ＜ 0.05), the cell viability of NaAsO2(50, 60 μmol/L) pretreated with 25 μmol/L tBHQ was higher than corresponding 5 μmol/L tBHQ pretreatment groups(all P ＜ 0.05). On the other hand, 40, 50 μmol/L of NaAsO2 significantly induced hepatocellular ROS generation, while tBHQ(5, 25 μ mol/L) pretreatment significantly decreased NaAsO2-induced intracellular ROS levels, the main effects of NaAsO2 and tBHQ, as well as their interaction were all statistically significant (F =181.78, 60.55, 4.93, all P ＜ 0.05) ; the ROS levels of NaAsO2(40, 50 μ mol/L) pretreated with tBHQ(5, 25 μmol/L) were 1.87 ± 0.09, 1.80 ± 0.07 and 1.36 ± 0.11, 1.44 ± 0.12,all significantly decreased than corresponding NaAsO2 alone groups(2.30 ± 0.18, 2.18 ± 0.17, all P ＜ 0.05),the ROS levels of NaAsO2(40, 50 μmol/L) pretreated with 25 μmol/L tBHQ decreased than corresponding 5 μmol/L tBHQ pretreatment groups (all P ＜ 0.05). ConclusiontBHQ has a certain antagonism on arsenic induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the surgical results of selective thoracic fusion (STF) for scoliosis associated with syringomyelia.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to January 2009, 93 cases of scoliosis associated with syringomyelia were retrospectively reviewed. There were 11 cases who underwent STF and were followed up more than 2 years, which included 8 female and 3 male, the mean age was 14.9 years (9 - 21 years). Curve type, coronal and sagittal Cobb angle, apical vertebral rotation apical vertebral translation, flexibility, trunk shift were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 9 double curves and 2 triple curves, the Lenke type of thoracolumbar/lumbar curve included Lenke A in 2 cases, Lenke B in 7 cases and Lenke C in 2 cases. The average coronal Cobb angle of thoracic curve before and after surgery were 62.6° and 19.0° respectively, and the average correction rate was 69.6%. The average coronal Cobb angle of thoracolumbar/lumbar curve before and after surgery were 36.1° and 11.6° respectively, and the average spontaneous correction rate was 67.9%. The followed up time ranged from 24 to 48 months (mean 29.5 months), the average loss of correction rate was 6.8%. Only one trunk decompensation was noted at final follow-up. Pedicle screw nut loosening occurred in one patient and this patient underwent revision surgery, no neurological complication was noted at final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSSTF could be safely performed in scoliosis associated with syringomyelia. Thoracolumbar/lumbar curve in these patients has similar spontaneous correction ability compared with idiopathic scoliosis patients. The satisfactory result could be achieved according to the STF criteria for IS.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; complications ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Syringomyelia ; complications ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo observe the change of erythropoietin (EPO) in patients of hypogonadism who received androgen replacement treatment and explore the mechanism of androgen-induced increase of red blood cells and haemoglobin.

METHODSEight patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, divided into two groups, received TU intramuscular injections of 500 mg or 1000 mg dose, respectively. After three months, seven patients received the second injection of crossover dose. Testosterone levels in serum were measured with RIA before and after the injections treatment. RBC count, impacted volume of blood cells and haemoglobin concentration were measured before treatment and 4, 8 weeks after treatment. At the same interval, EPO levels were measured with ELISA method.

RESULTSDevelopment of the secondary sex characters was improved in all patients after the TU injection. Serum testosterone levels raised significantly and reached the peak one week after the injections. Effective level of testosterone lasted for over 6 weeks. RBC count, impacted volume of blood cells and haemoglobin increased at different degrees after TU injections, but these changes were not significant in statistic(P < 0.05). The increased levels remained for 8 weeks. EPO levels were elevated significantly (P < 0.01 or 0.05) after the TU injection(Pbat > 0.05). The second injection could still make the EPO level go up.

CONCLUSIONSAndrogen replacement treatment can increase the EPO levels in patients of hypogonadism, which is one of the mechanism of RBC production increase.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Radioimmunoassay ; Testosterone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; therapeutic use

It has become more and more urgent to develop a safe, effective, recoverable and acceptable contraceptive for males. Decades of studies have made much progress on male hormonal contraception, one of the promising contraceptive methods. The principle is based on the suppression of pituitary gonadotropin and intratesticular testosterone, then the suppression of spermatogenesis, and the supplement of androgen to maintain the male characteristics and sexual function. There are many male hormonal contraceptive methods being studied include androgen, androgen combined with progesterone, GnRH antagonists combined with androgen, as well as immunological methods. To develop a safe and convenient androgen preparation with longer action and fewer side effects is also one of the key items of present research in this field.
Androgens ; Animals ; Contraception ; methods ; Contraceptive Agents, Male ; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Progestins ; Rats ; Sheep

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of posterior vertebra column resection and reconstruction in the treatment of severe kyphosis.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 patients with severe kyphosis who received posterior vertebra column resection and reconstruction from January 2003 to July 2007.

RESULTSThe mean operation time was 5.0 h (4.0 - 7.8 h) and the evaluated blood loss during operation was 1 800 ml (800-3,000 ml). No neurologic complications or post-operative infections were noted. The patients became ambulatory 8 days after operation. Before operation, 5 patients were found to have neurological deficit, including Frankel grade A in 1 patient and D in 4 patients. After operation, the grades were all recovered to Frankel E. After operation, the Cobb angle of the kyphosis was corrected to 38 degrees, with an average correction rate of 63%.

CONCLUSIONSPosterior vertebra column resection and reconstruction may be a safe and effective technique for the treatment of severe kyphosis. It can fully decompress the neurological structures, correct the kyphosis deformity, and achieve early weight-bearing. It is especially useful to avoid neurological injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess whether HTR1A and HTR1B polymorphisms are associated with the predisposition, gender, PUMC Classification and/or severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

METHODSRs6294 (HTR1A) and rs6296 (HTR1B) were genotyped in 103 AIS patients treated from January 2006 to March 2007, and 108 controls with matched gender and age. The data were analyzed by the allelic and genotypic association analysis, and the genotype-phenotype (gender, PUMC Classification, and Cobb angle) association analysis.

RESULTSThe distributions of the alleles of all the 2 SNPs met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls (goodness-of-fit chi(2) test, P > 0.05). The allele A of rs6294 was related with the occurrence of AIS (P = 0.041), but differences of the allele frequencies of rs6296 and the genotype frequencies of both SNPs between 2 groups had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The genotype A/A + A/G of rs6294 was associated with AIS PUMC type III, and there was no other positive results in genotype-phenotype association analysis.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that HTR1A may be a predisposition gene of AIS PUMC type III, and PUMC Classification may has its genetic basis.

Adolescent ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ; genetics ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B ; genetics ; Scoliosis ; genetics