Genomic instability is one of the most pervasive characteristics of cancer cells,and DNA damage response (DDR) pathway plays a crucial role in genomic stability.The DDR pathway is a complex signaling network,which involves cell DNA repair,apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.Deficiencies in these repair pathways can result in several different genetic disorders,including cancer.Targeted therapy based on inhibiting the DDR pathway in cancers offers a novel therapy strategy for patients with tumors lacking specific DDR functions.Many small-mole-cule compounds targeting DDR pathway are typically developed for solid cancer therapy.The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is a kind of DDR inhibitors which exploits the principle of synthetic lethality to selectively kill cancer cells.This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of PARP inhibitor action,the progress of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy,drug resistance and the challenge of PARP inhibitor in the future.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of Maxing Shigan Decoction(Herba ephedrae,Semen armeniacae amarum,Radix er Rhizoma glycyrrhizae,Gypsum fibrosum) against type Ⅰ hypersenstivity reaction. METHODS: The experiment of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) was used to determine the effect of Maxing Shigan Decoction on degranulation of mast cells in vivo.For in vitro study,the drug serum of Maxing Shigan Decoction was added to the culture medium of sensitized RBL-2H3 cells.The antigen-induced release of degranulation was measured by enzymatic assay,histamine by enzyme immunoassay(EIA) and cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). RESULTS: The results showed that treatment with drug serum of Maxing Shigan Decoction was followed by a decrease in PCA of rats and in degranulation,histamine,TNF-? and IL-4 from RBL-2H3 cells induced by antigen. CONCLUSION: Maxing Shigan Decoction may suppress the type Ⅰ hypersensitivity reaction by inhibiting the action of mast cells.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on degranulation of mast cells. Methods The experiment of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was used to determine the effect of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on degranulation of mast cells in vivo. For in vitro study, various doses of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides were added to the culture medium of sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The antigen-induced release of degranulation was measured by enzymatic assay, histamine by EIA and cytokines by ELISA. In addition, the activation of Akt and p38 were measured by Western blot. Results Treatment with achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides was followed by a decrease in PCA of rats and ?-hexosaminidase, histamine, TNF-?,IL-4,Akt and p38 of RBL-2H3 cells induced by antigen. Conclusions Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides might suppress the anaphylactic reaction through inhibition of action of mast cells. Akt and p38 contributed at least in part to this event.

Objective To observe the effect of Wuyaojing granules(WYJG) on immunological function of mice.Methods Mice were randomly divided into six groups:the high-dosage WYJG group(6.0g/kg),the midst-dosage WYJG group (2.0g/kg),the low-dosage WYJG group(1.0g/kg),the Lindera aggregate group (0.9g/kg),the korean Ginseng group (2.0g/kg) and the normal control group(H2O).After a period of 30-day treatment,the effects of WYJG on the T lymphocyte transformations capacity induced by ConA,delayed hypersensitivity leaded by DNFB,the number of lymphocyte B,serum level of hemolysin and NK activity were observed. Results The high-dosage and the low-dosage WYJG could significantly increase T lymphocyte transformations capacity induced by ConA(P0.05).Conclusion WYJG can significantly increase T lymphocyte transformations capacity induced by ConA and strengthen delay hypersensitivity leaded by DNFB.

Objective To explore the role of process management in preventing peripheral central venous catheter (PICC)-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). Methods A standard process management policy was established for the uniform management of PICC in our hospital. The incidences of CRBSI before and after the implementation of this policy were compared. Results The incidences of CRBSI was 6.0‰ (48/79 793 ) every 1000 catheter-days before process management and 2.9‰ (29/99643) after process management (P =0.000).Conclusion Standard process management can effectively prevent and control CRBSI caused by PICC.

Objective To check the maneuverability of the nursing safety management indicators for skilled nursing facilities.Methods A hospital based skilled nursing facility in Chongqing was chosen as the main study target while a Red Cross nursing hospital in Shanghai which operated earlier was also included as a comparison object.Combination of files reference,on-the-scene observation,manager interviews,sampling survey and institution's self-assessment,scores of indicators were calculated,and the total scores for both institutions were calculated as well.Results The institution from Chongqing marked 81 points while the other one got 86 points.Conclusions The indicator system had good maneuverability and the weight of indexes was consistent with the practical requirement of safety management.This indicator system could provide reference for standardize skilled nursing facilities' management,but still needed further revision and consummation.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A perfect clinical trial must nave a solid study design, strict conduction, complete quality control, non-interference of statistical result, and acceptable risk-benefit ratio. To reach the target, the quality control (QC) should be performed from the study design to conduction, from the analysis to conclusion. We discuss the relationship between data management and biostatistics from the statistical point of view, and emphasize the importance of the statistical concept and methods in the improvement of data quality in clinical data management.
Biostatistics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; statistics & numerical data ; Data Collection ; standards ; Quality Control ; Research Design ; standards

A perfect clinical trial must nave a solid study design, strict conduction, complete quality control, non-interference of statistical result, and acceptable risk-benefit ratio. To reach the target, the quality control (QC) should be performed from the study design to conduction, from the analysis to conclusion. We discuss the relationship between data management and biostatistics from the statistical point of view, and emphasize the importance of the statistical concept and methods in the improvement of data quality in clinical data management.

Objective To explore the reasons why patients with Keshan disesse complicated with hypertension and their interaction in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province. Methods Fifty-three patients with Keshan disease were investigated in January, April and July in 2007. Blood pressure was measured and the risk factors of hypertension were investigated. According to the diagnostic criteria of hypertension, patients were divided into hypertension group and non-hypertension group, and then the risk factors of hypertension, as well as the course of Keshan disease, were compared between the two groups. The risk factors include age, gender, family history of hypertension, salt intake in diet, smoking, drinking and obesity. Results The age of hypertension group[(57.83±8.89)years] was significantly higher than that of non-hypertension group [(51.53 ± 9.43)years, t = 2.3630, P < 0.05) ;while the course of Keshan disease in non-hypertension group [(31.63 ± 8.66)years] was notably longer than that in hypertension group [(25.08±11.41)years, t = 2.0224, P < 0.05] ;No statistically significant difference in gender, family history of hypertension, salt intake in diet, smoking, drinking and obesity was observed between the two groups(χ2 = 0.0072,0.1779,0.0029,0.1555,0.119,0.7679, all P > 0.05). Conclusions Age might be an important factor in patients with Keshan disease accompanied by hypertension, and the role of other risk factors of hypertension should not be overlooked;whether Keshan disease and hypertension can affect each other needs further investigation.