BACKGROUND: The key point in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction lies in inproving the blood supply of brain effectively as soon as possible as well as rescue ischemic and half diazonal nerve cells, so as to contract the local of infarction as great as possible.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of traditional treatment of cerebral piamatral microcirculation in gerbil with cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury by supplementing qi and activating blood circulation.DESIGN: Contrast animal experiment at random.SETTING: Zhabei Branch of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Institute of Naval Medicine (key laboratory of the whole army). Twenty-two healthy Monglian gerbils of clean grade (six months old) were selected and randomly divided into medicine group and control group with 11 gerbils in each group.METHODS: Animals were routinely anaesthetized and fixed in prone position to open the cranium window in median line and expose the pia mater. The cranium window was protected by being covered with a cotton ball containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) after operation. Gerbils were fixed in dorsal position with an median incision made in the lateral cervical nucleus to isolate and expose bilateral common carotid artery (CCA). The bilateral CCA were occluded by atraumatic micro-bulldog clamp, and the occluded blood flow in the distal end was observed under the microscope. Thirty minutes after occlusion of bilateral CCA, the vascular clamp was unclamped to recover the cerebral blood reperfusion. Gerbils in the medicine group were abdominally injected with 0.4 mL of Huangqi injection (containing 0.8 g of crude drug), 0.3 mL of compound Danggui injection (containing Danggui, Chuanqiong and Honghua, 0.09 g for each)and 0.3 mL of Danshen injection (containing 0.45 g of Shengyao). Animals in the control group were abdominally injected with same-volume of normal saline. The changes of pial microcirculation were quantitatively observed in two groups through cranium window respectively before blockage, at the reperfusion after blockage as well as in 120 minutes after injection by laser microcirculation microscope and the TV video system.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of piamatral microcirculation as well as comparison in venous blood flow velocity in gerbils of each group before and after ischemic reperfusion.RESULTS: All gerbils were involved in the analysis of results with no animal died in the experiment.①When the CCA of animals in the two groups were blocked, obvious contraction of piamatral microcirculation was seen and partial blood vessels were blocked up. Platelet and red blood cells etc.adhered to the arteriolae of grade Ⅰ and veinules below grade Ⅲ with microthrombus formed and large ischemic area appeared. The blood flow rate was obviously slowed down. Moderate and severe aggregations were found in red blood cells, and the white blood cells were significantly increased.There was obvious exudation in the periphery of microvessels. After CCA reperfusion, the arteriolae and veinule were in different thickness, and the thrombus in veinule of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ formed in the cerebral ischemia were difficult to be removed by blood flow. Red blood cell moderately aggregated, and the number of white blood cells greatly increased. White small thrombus could be seen sometimes, while the exsudation in the periphery of microvessel was not significantly ameliorated. Great changes were found in gerbils of the medicine group after abnormal injection of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation medicine: almost all arteriolae and venulae were opened, and the rate of blood flow was accelerated with the blood flow rate remarkably increased. Deposit in the venulae began to decreased, and the thrombus was gradually dissolved. Red blood cells were moderately aggregated or normal. Blood flow in ischemic spot was improved significantly than that after reperfusion. The exudation in the periphery of microvessels was gradually lessened even dissolved. However,no obvious change was found in gerbils of the control group. ②The blood flow rate of arteriole in the medicine group was 1.04-1.50 mm, which was obviously higher than that in the control group with significant differences (P ＜ 0.5-0.01).③The blood flow rate of veinule in the medicine group was 0.96-1.12 mm/s, which was remarkably higher than that in the control group with marked differences (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: The effect on piamatral microcirculation of gerbil with cerebral ischemic reperfusion by supplementing qi and activating blood is exact, which is directly related with accelerated blood flow rate, expanded veinule and arteriolae as well as ameliorated blood-supply of brain.

Objective To compare the immunostaining of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2) among three different clones,and to compare with the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) detection,to provide evidences for pathological department to select appropriate antibodies.Methods 268 cases of invasive breast cancer were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies for HER-2 of 3 different clones.The results were compared with those done by FISH.Results Immunostaining using antibody clone SP3 showed 3+ reactions in 66 cases;Immunostaining using antibody clone EP3 showed 3+ reactions in 53 cases,while using polyclonal HER-2 antibody,80 cases showed 3+ reactions.There was statistical significance between those groups using different clones(P<0.05).Consistent with the FISH results,the Kappa values are 0.76,0.67,and 0.56,respectively.Conclusion It suggests detection of HER-2 using immunohistochemistry should prioritize selecting monoclonal antibodies,especially clone SP3.

Crude elicitor of one endophytic fungi (belong to Cunninghamella sp., named AL4) induced multiple responses in Atractylodes lancea suspension cells, including rapid generation of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sequentially followed by enhancement of essential oil production. Adding NO-specific scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5, 5-tetramethylimidazol ine-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) and H2O2 scavenger catalase (CAT) could block elicitor-induced NO and H2O2 generation respectively, but could all partly block elicitor-induced essential oil biosynthesis. Adding NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2 could all promote essential oil accumulation in A. lancea cells, but the effect of both was different. These results strongly suggested that NO and H2O2 may all act as signaling molecule to mediate AL4 elicitor promoting essential oil accumulation in suspension cells of A. lancea. Furthermore, adding cPTIO and CAT contemporarily could not completely inhibit essential oil accumulation induced by AL4 elicitor. This result suggested that AL4 elicitor could also promote essential oil accumulation in suspension cells of A. lancea by other means.
Atractylodes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Benzoates ; pharmacology ; Catalase ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cunninghamella ; physiology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; metabolism

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Carcinoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otosclerosis ; surgery ; Stapes Surgery ; methods

Objective To apply color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to the follow-up observation of the changes of cervical vessel,intracranial hemodynamics and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVR) of the patients after carotid artery stent implantation.Methods Totally 96 patients with carotid artery stent implantation underwent CDFI and TCD examinations,and the changes of hemodynamics were compared before and 1 month,6 months,1 a and 2 a after implantation.Results The values of peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) at the areas of carotid stenosis were lower significantly than those before implantation,while the values of PSV,pulsatility index (PI) and CVR of the middle cerebral artery were obviously higher than those before implantation (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the cervical and intracranial hemodynamics indexes 1 month,6 months,1 a and 2 a after treatment.Two-year follow-up found 4 cases of restenoses after implantation,and the rate for restenosis was 4.2％.Conclusion Carotid artery stent implantation improves significantly cervical and intracranial blood supply as well as CVR of the carotid stenosis patient,and CDFI combined with TCD can be used for the accurate evaluation of the efficacy and postoperative follow-up of carotid artery stent implantation.

Objective At present, the risk factors for cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients are not quite clear.This study was to explore the impacts of the clinical features, emotional health and quality of life (QOL) on the cognitive function of the adult patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales, we evaluated the cognitive functions of the 109 adult epileptics of the outpatient clinic of neurology in Jinling Hospital.We assessed their emotional health with Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24), estimated their QOL with Quality Of Life in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31), and collected their baseline clinical data by questionnaire survey.Results There were 67 cases of MCI (61.5%) among the 109 patients.The residential area was the strongest predictor of MCI in the adult epileptics (OR=0.226, 95% CI: 0.082-0.627).Among other risk factors of post-epileptic MCI were the total scores of HAMD-24 (OR=0.770, 95% CI: 0.644-0.921) and QOLIE-31 (OR=0.712, 95% CI: 0.575-0.880), QOL (OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.015-1.128), cognitive function (OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.043-1.203), and social function (OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.035-1.175).Conclusion The incidence of MCI is high in adult patients with epilepsy.The development and progression of post-epileptic MCI can be delayed by more emphasis on the evaluation of cognitive function, emotional health, and quality of life.

Chemotherapy completion rate can reflect the tolerance and compliance of patients to chemotherapy. Poor tolerance may result in delay or suspension of the comprehensive treatment plan, thus affect the efficacy of cancer treatment. Evaluating methods to improve the completion rate of chemotherapy and reduce the occurrence of delayed chemotherapy has gained increasing attention and is the significant area of study in the field of cancer treatment. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy could improve the quality of life in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

BackgroundIdiopathic epiretinal membranes(ERMs) is a common eye disease condition that leads to progressive decline of visual acuity. Studying the risk factors relating to this disease will shed light on its pathogenesis and allow opthalmologists to screen the affected individuals among the high-risk population and prepare for prevention and management strategies. ObjectiveThis survey was to investigate the risk factors of idiopathic ERMs in the population undergoing routine health check-ups. MethodsThe clinical data of idiopathic ERMs was obtained from the population of routine health check-ups in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2009 to October 2010. The examination outcomes were compared between the individuals with and without idiopathic ERMs. The demographic and clinical factors associated with idiopathic ERMs were analyzed and assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Result A total of 27 400 people were included in the survey and idiopathic ERMs were diagnosed in 76 cases. No obvious eye complaint was obtained from the idiopathic ERMs. The number of people affected with idiopathic ERMs was 12 ( 12/11 659 ) in the below 40 years group, 21 (21/4595) in the 51-60 years group and 32 (32/2544) in the over 60 years group. Hypertension, diabetes, diedyslipidemia, renal function insufficiency ,and cataract were found in 42％ ,5％ ,66％ ,6％ and 8％ of the patients, respectively. The univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that significant correlations were found between age,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and history of cataract( P＜0. 01 ). Multivariate regression models showed that the risk of idiopathic ERMs increased in age of 51-60( OR=2. 5,95％ CI:1. 2-5.4,P=0.02) and over 60 years( OR =7.3,95％ CI:3.4-15.6 ,P＜0.01 ) and patients suffering from hyperlipidemia ( OR--2. 1,95％ CI:1. 3-3.5, P＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsOver the age of 50 years and hyperlipidemia are primary risk factors of idiopathic ERM.

Wnt signaling has been shown to inhibit adipogenic differentiation while inducing the osteogenic pathway of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Patients with aplastic anemia (AA) often show excess fat accumulation in the bone marrow, possibly due to overactivation of the adipogenic pathway. Therefore, an activator of the Wnt signaling may alleviate the symptoms by enhancing the inhibition on the differentiation of BMSC towards adipocytes. To judge this hypothesis, the therapeutic effects of Wnt signaling activator lithium chloride (LiCl) combined with the currently used immunosuppressor cyclosporine A (CsA) on mice with AA in vivo was investigated. Mouse model with AA was established and the disease was confirmed by increased fat cell counts and decreased hematopoietic cell counts in the bone marrow of these animals. These mice treated with CsA 50 mg/(kg·d) alone or together with LiCl 20 mg/(kg·d), once daily for 5 d, then at day 14, 21 and 28 after establishment of mouse model with AA, the treatment effects were observed, including peripheral blood cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) count and bone marrow biopsy examination in each group. The results showed that compared with the AA group, Hb content, WBC and BMMNC counts of CsA group and the combination group significantly increased. HE staining of bone marrow biopsy sample showed that the fat cells were significantly reduced in the bone marrow cavity (P < 0.05). Compared with the CsA group, Hb content, WBC and BMMNC counts of the combination group significantly increased (P < 0.05); HE staining of bone marrow biopsy sample showed that fat cells were reduced, the hematopoiesis of bone marrow was close to the normal. It is concluded that Wnt signal activator (LiCl) combined with CsA displayed a better treatment effect on AA in mouse models than the effect of using CsA only. They can promote the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, which may correlate with inhibiting differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the fat cells by Wnt signaling.
Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Lithium Chloride ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Wnt Signaling Pathway