Objective To improve the mammographic diagnostic level of breast ductal diseases.Methods X-ray features,operationand pathologic findings in 166 cases of breast disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results The galactography of all 166 cases showed the manifestations including 78 cases of mammoductal ectasis with ductal dilatation,smooth wall;2 cases of ductal ectasis complicated by infection with ductal dilatation,inregular coarsening wall and interstitial extravasation of contrast medium;11 cases of mammoglandular cystic lobular hyperplasia with cyetic dilatation of terminal ducts in different sizes;49 cases of intraductal papilloma with sound as ovoid fillingdefects showing as interrupted smooth bordered,"cupping" in 26 cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma or intraductal carcinoma with post dilatation ductal stenosis and sigid "amputation" absuption together with sound cauliflower or inregular filling defects.In this series of 166 cases,75 cases vice prover to be tumor(45.1%) with malignancy in 26 cases(15.7%).Conclusion Galactography is an important method for diagnosis and differential diagrosis of mammoglandular disease with nipple discharge.

Objective To investigate the effect of purified urinary IgG from patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy on the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Methods Proteins were precipitated from urine with (NH4)2SO4, and urinary IgG was purified by protein G column chromatography. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were performed to analyze the urinary IgG. HK-2 cells were incubated with urinary IgG (0,0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0 mg/ml) from either minimal change nephrotic or membranous nephropathy patients. The expression of MIF mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR, and MIF protein was assessed by Western blotting. Results SDS-PAGE showed that there were four bands, which were all IgG fractions confirmed by Western blotting. The urinary IgG up-regulated the expression of MIF mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells. The expression increased in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MIF mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells increased significantly when they were incubated with urinary IgG from membranous nephropathy patients at 1mg/ml (P

Objective To provide histological evidence for clinic tendon reconstruction on severe medial collateral ligament injury in rabbits. Methods Medial collateral ligaments of two knee joints were completely incised to create own control model of MCL rupture. The operation group intimated the procedure of human being MCL reconstruction with semitendinous tendon. In the 4th,12th,16th,24th weeks, healing of MCL was observed by anatomy and the picrosirius-polarization method. Results In the 4th week, the MCL healing tissue of ex-periment group is more than control group. The average ratios of type Ⅲ collagen to Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen in the experiment group [(0.263±0.075), (0.235±0.041), (0.210±0.045), (0.197±0.029)] were significantly lower than those in control group [(0.310±0.072), (0.286±0.045), (0.261±0.046), (0.236±0.043) ] in the 4th, 12th, 16th, 24th weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions The semitendinons tendon reconstruction can improve MCL healing in early and middle period after injury.

Objective The clinical results of leukemia improved significantly due to the application of arsenic trioxide(As 2 O 3 ).This compound was used in inducing apoptosis on osteosarcoma cell lines and its mech anism was explored.Methods Human osteosarcoma MG-63cell line was cultured and treated with0.25,0.5,1,2,4and8?mol/L As 2 O 3 .The cell line was measured at24,48,72,96and120h after As 2 O 3 infiltration.MTT assay,phase contrast light microscopy,fluorescence staining,TUNEL,flow cytometry anal-ysis and RT -PCR were used to investigate the inducing apoptosis and inhibitative effect of As 2 O 3 on os-teosarcoma MG-63cell line.Results As 2 O 3 could inhibit the reproduction of osteosarcoma cell line MG-63significantly,the inhibitive rates of MG-63cell line treated with As 2 O 3 over1?mol/L reached70%.Un -der phase contrast light microscopy and fluorescence staining,osteosarcoma cells cultured with As 2 O 3 pre sent -ed typical apoptotic changes.The majority of cells cultured with As 2 O 3 were positive with TUNEL.Flow cy tometry analysis showed a time-dose dependent apoptosis rate and a remarkable G 2 /M phase arrest.The ex pression of c-myc was decreased in MG-63cells treated with As 2 O 3 .Conclusion As 2 O 3 is able to in duce osteosarcoma apoptosis effectively.The expression of decreasing c-myc is an important mechanism in induc-ing osteosarcoma MG-63cells apoptosis.

We defined the prerequisite managing capacity of hospital directors through a comprehensive set of methods including literature review, interview of specialists and questionnaires. There were altogether 7 assessment items with 36 assessment indexes. The acquired assessment items and indexes were edited as Likert Scales and as signed to extprts concerned. The weight ofthe assessment indexes was obtained through a statistical analysis of the results. Hence the pre iluninary establishment of the system of standards for assessing the managing capacity of hospital directors.

Dental Bonding ; Dental Implant-Abutment Design ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases

Objective To study the expression of Th1 and Th2 types cytokines in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the clinical significance. Methods The expressions of Th1 ( INF-γ、IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) types cytokines in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 healthy controls and 45 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, the expressions of Th1 type cytokines, IL-2 and INF-γwere significantly lower in the cultured PBMCs from the cancer patients (tINF-γ= 18. 24 ,tIL-2 = 15.31 ,Ps ＜0. 01 ) ,while the expression of Th2 type cytokines,IL-4 was significantly higher in the cultured PBMCs from the cancer patients ( tIL-4 = 5.79, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression changes of the cytokines showed a correlation with TNM (tumou-node-metastasis) stage of the tumor. Conclusion The Th1/Th2 shift existed in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and it might be one of the underline mechanisms of tumor immune escape.

More and more attention has been drawn on nano-materials in the application of molecular imaging and targeted cancer therapy. Quantum dots, due to their rich surface chemical properties and bright stable fluorescence, have been used as a new type of nano-probes and widely used in molecular, cellular and vivo biological imaging. In recent years, many inspiring achievements have been obtained in the study on quantum dots surface modification and biological imaging in cell and animals. In this article, current status and the latest developments of the study and the application are reviewed.

Objective To investigate the lipidemia of patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)in China.Methods The survey engaged 52 centers in 7 cities in China recruiting patients with coronary artery disease in a hospital-based setting.Each center was asked to recruit all hospitalized patients with CHD from 1-Jun-2005 to 31-Sep-2005.The study population consisted of 3513 patients with CAD.Results Of the 3513 patients,the prevalence of the lipidemia was 79.7%.And the prevalence of the lipidemia in

Objective To investigate the effect of lipid soluble fraction in the radix of Salvia miltiorrhiza (FSM) on conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice induced by morphine and preliminarily identify the fraction in the radix of S. miltiorrhiza. MethodsMorphine or NS was sc injected every other day to induce the obvious CPP in mice for 6 d. Before 30 min of sc injecting morphine, mice were ip administered different doses of lipid soluble fraction in the radix of S. miltiorrhiza. RP-HPLC method was used to identify the major component in the lipid soluble fraction in the radix of S. miltiorrhiza. ResultsThe staying time in morphine-paired white compartment was significantly prolonged. After treatment with lipid soluble fraction in the radix of S. miltiorrhiza (40 mg/kg, ip), the staying time in morphine-paired white compartment was significantly shortened (P