Objective To study the change tendency of air pollutants in Shenzhen, China in 2002-2005, further, to explore the relationship between disease spectrum and air pollution. Methods The daily mean concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in 2002-2005 in eight environmental monitoring sites were determined according to Ambient Air Quality Standard. Results Air concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 increased yearly in 2002-2004, from 0.018 3 mg/m3 to 0.023 4 mg/m3, 0.050 1 mg/m3 to 0.072 5 mg/m3, 0.061 0 mg/m3 to 0.075 7 mg/m3, respectively, however, the concentrations of the three indexes decreased in 2005. In the past four yeas, average levels of SO2 were under the limit of grade 2 of GB3095-1996, as for PM10, under the limit of grade 2, and most of the concentrations of NO2 were under the limit of grade 3, but in the other two monitoring sites, the concentrations of NO2 in 2004 exceeded the limit of grade 3. The year average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in 2002-2005 in the outer region were higher compared with those in the inner region of the special economic zone, except the level of NO2 in 2002. As for the quarter average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10, 1st and 4th were higher compared with 2nd and 3rd. Conclusion The air quality in Shenzhen is better in China, however, more attention should be paid to the pollution of nitrogen oxides and inhalable particle matters.

Objective To observe the expression of both type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors of angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) in human hypertrophic scars, and to explore theirs role in collagen synthesis of fibroblasts in human hypertrophic scars. Methods The expression of both AT1 and AT2 receptors in fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars was detected with immunohistochemical staining and radioligand receptor binding assay. Collagen synthesis was examined in cultured in vitro fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars by measuring [~3H]proline incorporation into collagenous proteins. Results Positive staining signals of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were found in fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars. Similar results were also got in cultured in vitro fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars, expression level of AT1 and AT2 receptors were 10.69?2.15fmol/10~6cells and 4.9?1.05fmol/10~6cells respectively. In cultured in vitro fibroblasts, AngⅡ may accelerate the collagen synthesis significantly (P

AIM: To investigate the possible impact of conductive keratoplasty(CK)on intraocular pressure( IOP ).METHODS: 36 eyes of 20 patients with hyperopia underwent IOP measurement with non-contact tonometer (NCT), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and Schiotz tonometer before and after CK.RESULTS: After CK, a significant decrease was observed by NCT, GAT and Schiotz measurements. The change in IOP readings was not correlated with age, sex,keratometric readings, or attempted correction.CONCLUSION: The applanation tonometer atend to underestimate the true IOP after CK.

Objective To study the role of the oxidative stress in the development of wound healing and observe the effect of the antioxidant PTD-SOD on damage and inflammation reaction after mechanical wound. Methods In this experiment,acute wound healing model by removal the whole layer dorsal skin of the mice was prepared,SOD(3 000 U and 6 000 U)and the fusion protein PTD-SOD with different concentrations(1 000 U,3 000 U,6 000 U and 10 000 U)were used to deal with the wounds continuously for 13 days.The mice were divided into different concentration SOD treatment group and PTD-SOD treatment group,model control group,physiological saline treatment group and compound iodine solution control group.The wound healing situation and healing percentage of the fight and left skin wounds of each mouse in every group was recorded every day.At day 14 after wound,the wound healing skin of each group was removed and some were used to make 10%tissues homogenate for detecting the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydroxyproline(Hyp);in the meantime,the other removed skin were fixed in 10% formalin for observing the histopathological changes of the tissues. Results Compared with the model control group,the physiological saline treatment group and the compound iodine solution control group,the skin wound healing percentage was significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01)improved,with increase of the activities of SOD,CAT,GSH-Px and contents of Hyp (P<0.05 or P<0.01)and decrease of MDA(P<0.05 or P<0.01) in the SOD groups or PTD-SOD groups (except for 10 000 U PTD-SOD group).When compared with the physiological saline treatment group or the compound iodine solution treatment group,the effect was similar to the model control group.In comparison to the SOD groups,under the same dosage and environment condition,the PTD-SOD groups were much better than SOD groups with regard to promoting skin wound healing percentage,increasing activities of antioxidases and contents of Hyp,decreasing contents of MDA.Among the PTD-SOD groups,the effect of high dosage 10 000 U on promoting skin wound healing was declined. Conclusions The oxidative stress may playan important role in the development of wound healing.Proper application of treatment with antioxidants is a alternative strategy in the early stage of wound.PTD-SOD is able to prevent the oxidative stress damage,inhibit inflammatory infiltration and promote skin wound healing efficiently.

AIM: To analyze the application on frequency domain optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) technology of pathologic myopia optic disc neurosensory retinal thickness changes and its relationship with axis oculi, sex and age, and help for the early diagnosis of pathological myopia and primary open angle glaucoma.
METHODS:Collected 96 eyes of normal eyes ( axis oculi 23-24mm) and 153 eyes of pathologic myopia eyes ( axis oculi 25-27mm 80 eyes, >27mm 73 eyes). We measured the thickness of nerve fiber layer of the optic disc by OCT and analyzed their relationship with axis oculi, sex and age with multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: The observation group showed significant smaller average thickness of peripapillary, superior, inferior, nasal than the control group ( P<0. 05 ); the difference in the temporal quadrant between the groups were no statistically significant differences (P>0. 05); The partial correlation coefficient of peripapillary average thickness of nerve fiber layer and axis oculi was -1. 31, gender was 5. 21, age was -0. 12.
CONCLUSION:The thickness of nerve fiber layer of the optic disc in the pathologic myopia eyes are decreased than normal eyes, axis oculi, sex and age are influenced factors. The pathologic myopia patients should use different index combined with optic nerve fiber layer thickness decreased to help for the diagnosis of early primary open angle glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: The c-fos gene is commonly expressed in neurons,which may act as one of the signs of activities and reflection of injured neural cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of hippocampal c-fos gene of rats with ischemic cerebral injury and the protective role of shenmai injection at the molecular level.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical College from January to March 2002. Totally 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, ischemia group and treatment group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Bilateral common carotid arteries of rats in the ischemia and treatment groups were splinted for 30 minutes and reperfused for 1 hour to establish models of ischemic cerebral injury. Rats in the treatment group were injected with 2 mL/kg of shenmai (constituted with hongshen, dwarf lilyturf tuber and other Chinese herbal medicines) 30 minutes before ischemia. Rats in the ischemia group were not treated with any drugs, and rats in the control group were treated with sham operation but without splinting common carotid artery and giving any drugs. Hippocampal tissue of rats was obtained to make paraffin sections. In every group, one section from each rat was taken at random. Totally 100 neurons of every group were counted. Expression of c-fos gene in hippocampal neuron was observed according to the nuclear color of neurons (+++ as dark-brown mark;++ as brown mark; + as light brown mark; - as no brown mark).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: c-fos expression of hippocampal neurons of rats in each group.RESULTS: Totally 30 rats entered the final analysis. Expression of c-fos gene in hippocampal neurons was significantly more in the ischemia group than that in the control group (+++: 24/visions, 7/visions, P ＜ 0.05); but that in the treatment group was less than that in the ischemia group (+++:13/visions, 24/visions, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Shenmai injection can reduce the expression of c-fos gene in hippocampal neurons of rats with ischemic cerebral injury, and can protect neural cells of ischemic cerebral injured tissue.

Objective To determine the expression of Notch pathway receptors (Notch1 and Notch4) and ligands (Jagged1 and Dll4) in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) tissues,and to preliminarily explore the role of the Notch signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CMM.Methods Immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the expression pattern and intensity of Notch1,Notch4,Jagged1 and Dll4 in 40 paraffin-embedded CMM specimens and 15 paraffin-embedded pigmented nevus specimens.Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation analysis with the SPSS 21.0 software.Results Notchl was detected in 31 (77.5％) of 40 CMM specimens,as well as in 3 of 15 pigmented nevus specimens,and the positive rates significantly differed between the two groups (x2 =15.281,P ＜ 0.001).However,no significant difference in the expression intensity of Notch1 was observed between 18 in situ melanoma tissues and 22 invasive melanoma tissues (x2 =0.631,P =0.427).In addition,the positive rates of Notch4,Jagged1 and Dll4 were also significantly higher in the CMM group than those in the pigmented nevus group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression intensity of Notch4,Jagged1 and Dll4 significantly differed between in situ and invasive melanoma tissues (all P ＜ 0.05).In CMM tissues,the expression of Notch1 was positively correlated with that of Jagged1 (rs =0.350,P =0.027) and Dll4 (rs =0.562,P ＜ 0.001),while the expression of Jaggedl was negatively correlated with that of Dl14 (rs =-0.734,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Abnormality of the Notch signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma,but further researches are still needed to elucidate the detailed mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of hydrogen saline on oxidative stress damage in rats brain tissues after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods Eighteen adult male pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (Con group), conventional resuscitation group (ROSC group) and hydrogen saline treatment group (ROSC+HRS group), with 6 rats in each group. All rats were asphyxiated by tracheal clip method to establish cardiac arrest (CA) model, and received first aid with CPR, electric defibrillation and adrenaline until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The rats in ROSC+HRS group were intraperitoneally injected with 2% hydrogen saline (5 mL/kg for the first time and 3 mL/kg every 2 hours). The rats in Con group were only tracheal intubated and mechanical ventilated. The rats were sacrificed after ROSC for 12 hours, and the brain tissue was harvested to determine the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was determined with Western Blot, and the mRNA expression of HO-1 was determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Compared with the Con group, the MDA was significantly elevated in ROSC group (nmol/mg: 8.15±0.11 vs. 3.68±0.16, P < 0.05), the SOD and CAT were significantly decreased [SOD (U/mg): 69.30±2.39 vs. 94.65±2.75, CAT (U/mg): 74.38±1.65 vs. 95.68±1.88, both P < 0.05], HO-1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated (gray value: 1.383±0.194 vs. 1.117±0.083, P < 0.05), and HO-1 protein expression showed no significant change (gray value: 0.350±0.049 vs. 0.175±0.026, P > 0.05). Compared with the ROSC group, the MDA was significantly decreased in ROSC+HRS group (nmol/mg: 4.72±0.28 vs. 8.15±0.11, P < 0.05), the SOD and CAT were significantly elevated [SOD (U/mg): 83.02±1.10 vs. 69.30±2.39, CAT (U/mg): 85.07±1.94 vs. 74.38±1.65, both P < 0.05], HO-1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated (gray value: 3.200±0.200 vs. 1.383±0.194, P < 0.05), and the HO-1 protein expression was significantly elevated (gray value: 0.788±0.059 vs. 0.350±0.049, P < 0.05). Conclusions Oxidative stress damage is an important mechanism of CPR brain damage. Hydrogen saline can increase the expression of HO-1 in brain tissue, and decrease oxidative stress damage of brain after CPR.

This article elaborated the connotation of public hospital medical insurance payment system and the importance of reform,summarizing and analyzing the practical exploration of promoting medical insurance payment system reform in the localities.Then it moved on to introduce new progress of medical insurance payment system reform abroad and the emerging mode of medical insurance payment, such as pay for performance,payment by results,and bundled payment.In the end,the authors put forward policy suggestions to improve medical insurance payment system at public hospitals in China, namely to build a modern healthcare payment system in line with the needs of medical service system.Such a system should be guided by comprehensive performance,restrained by cost budgeting, based on a diversified payment mode,and supported by information technology.In addition,it should have scientific payment standard and modern governance mechanism,and keep interactive development with commercial health insurance.

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia ; pathology ; Forehead ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland ; pathology