CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

The progress of modality therapy has improved both survival rate and quality of life of retinoblastoma(RB) patients.However,some problems are still left and unsolved.Parts of the RB relapse after they are treated for the first time.Even more remarkable,the related individuals to the RB patients run a risk of RB.Gene diagnosis and treatment are emerging and appear to solve these problems.Some researches in developed countries and Hong Kong have successfully made progress in gene diagnosis of RB.However,the detection rate of Rb1 gene mutation is very low.Researches documented for many years that gene diagnosis for RB is extremely complex,so we should go further to achieve a goal of gene diagnosis.Gene diagnosis of RB is still an initiation in China.We should strengthen relevant study and spread this technique.

The chemical constituents of Vaccinium bracteatum were studied by means of macroporous resin, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Eleven compounds were isolated from this plant. By using ESI-MS and NMR, the structures of the eleven compounds were determined as 10-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-6alpha-hydroxyl-dihydromonotropein (1), 10-O-cis-p-coumaroyl -6alpha-hydroxyl-dihydromonotropein (2), vaccinoside (3), 10-O-cis-p-coumaroyl monotropein (4), isolariciresinol-9-O-beta-D-xyloside (5), tectoridin (6), vicenin-3 (7), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (8), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (9), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (10), and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (11), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are new, and compounds 4, 6 and 7 are isolated from the genus Vaccinium for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Vaccinium ; chemistry

Adult ; Aged ; Disulfiram ; adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance and prognosis of tetus with lateral ventriculomegaly.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 92 singleton pregnant women who were antenatally diagnosed with fetal ventriculomegaly by ultrasound in genetic conselling clinics,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University between August 2007 and August 2010.All participants were divided into three groups according to the width of the lateral ventricles:group A (10.0-12.0 mm,n＝50),group B (12.1-14.9 mm,n=38) and severe ventriculomegaly group (≥15.0 mm,n=4).All fetuses were followed up.Chi-square test(or Fisher's exact test),Bonfferoni method,Mann Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistics.Results In group A,B and severe ventriculomegaly group,18％ (9/50),65.8％(25/38)and 3/4 of fetuses were complicated with structural malformation,respectively (x2 =22.934,P =0.000),and statistical significance were found only between group A and B (x2 =20.798,P=0.000).The incidences of fetal chromosomal aberration were 4.0％ (2/50),7.9％ (3/38)and 0/4 in the three groups,respectively (x2＝0.878,P ＝ 0.645).Eventually,all four cases with severe cerebral ventriculomegaly were terminated.Among cases of mild ventriculomegaly,63 women continued the pregnancy (48 in group A and 15 in group B).The intrauterine improvement of group B was poorerthan that of group A (Z=-3.317,P =0.001).Respectively,three,ten and two cases of ventriculomegaly deteriorated,stabilized and regressed in group B,and the corresponding figures were 3,15 and 30 in group A.In group A,the prognosis of fetus with non-isolated ventriculomegaly was poorer than that of fetus with isolated ventriculomegaly (Z=-2.631,P=0.009).For neonates 14 days after birth (n=62),the rates of normal neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) scoring were respectively 93.8％ (45/48) and 71.4％ (10/14) for groups A and B with statistical difference (Fisher's exact test,P =0.040).Bayley scales of infant development (BSID) used to evaluate infants at 12-month-old revealed that the psychomotor developmental index (PDI) between group A and group B had statistical difference (8,26 and 1 case of good,moderate and poor development in group A; one,seven and three cases in group B; Z=-2.203,P=0.043).However,the mental developmental index (MDI) between group A and B had no statistical difference.Twenty babies among the survived ones received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination.The results showed that lateral ventricle width regressed in nine babies (45.0％) and progressed in one baby (5.0％).Ten cases (50.0％) did not change.The change of ventriculomegaly after birth was related to BSID evaluation.Better prognosis of fetuses were found in those with regressed ventriculomegaly (P=0.033).Conclusions Fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly (10.0 12.0 mm) have a favorable outcome.Further investigations,such as fetal development,chromosomal examination,intrauterine infection screening and MRI if necessary,are suggested for fetus with ventriculomegaly.Moreover,intensive intrauterine and postnatal follow-up is recommended.

ObjectiveTo measure fetal lung volumes in different gestational age (GA) by using 3D ultrasound,and further to obtain the regression formula between fetal lung volume and GA.MethodsTotal 228 fetal lung data had been collected.By using the 3D reconstruction function in Philips Qlab,fetal lung volumes were obtained by subtracting the non lung volumes from the whole thoracic volumes.For each slice of 3D data,thoracic area and non-lung area were manually outlined.The contour stacking technique in Qlab was then used to transform 2D slices into 3D volumes.ResultsThe measurement results of total 228 cases indicate that the fetal lung volumes increase with the GA.The average lung volume at GA of 20 weeks was 8.85 cm3,and 70.5 cm3 at 36 weeks.The fetal lung volume increases about 3- 4 cm3 in each week,and the increasing trend turns to a little lower after 24 weeks.During 33 to 34 week there was a great increasing in fetal volumes.Second-order regression,exponential regression and logarithmic regression were respectively used to characterize the relationship between fetal lung volume and GA.The second-order regression formula was:Volume =39.52 - 4.48 × GA + 0.149 × GA2.The exponential regression formula was:Ln (Volume) =- 8.233 + 1.747 × Ln(GA2 ).The logarithmic regression formula was:Ln(Volume) =- 2.413 + 0.29× GA- 0.003 × GA2.The correlation coefficients of three formulas are equal,with r =0.99,P ＜ 0.001.Conclusions 3D ultrasound fetal lung volume measurement is useful for fetal lung maturity assessment and thus can provide important referential information for prenatal diagnosis.

By using the diagnosis related groups(DRGs) method, we analyze and compare the rationality and feasibility of outcomes and human resources distribution of clinical specialties and health care professionals.It may increase the hospital management levels and feasibility.The introduction of DRGs for the majority of hospital management may enhance the performance evaluation and human resource levels in the hospitals.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of combined screening for chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester and the ultrasound characteristics of these fetuses.Methods Retrospective study for 5000 singleton pregnancies by combined screening of trisomies 21,18,13 and Turner syndrome.Risk algorithms were developed for calculation of patient-specific risks for each of the three trisomies based on maternal age,fetal nuchal translucency,free β human chorionic gonadotropin and serum pregnancy associated plasma protein A at 11 to 13 +6 weeks of pregnant.The value of nuchal translucency (NT) and β-hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) level were inputted computer,and calculate the risk value (≥ 1 ∶ 270) by automatic analysis software.Two hundred and four cases with high risk were performed transabdominal chorionic villus biopsy to detect the fetal chromosomal karyotypes.Meanwhile,other ultrasonic characteristics of fetal were elevated.Results (1) Five thousand cases of pregnant women were detected,including 4983 normal cases,62 cases were induced labor for a variety of reasons in the second trimester,including 40 cases with normal karyotype but with congenital heart disease,17 cases of chromosome abnormalities (9 cases trisomy 21,2 cases trisomy 18,1 cases trisomy 13,4 cases 45X),2 cases spina bifida,2 cases digestive tract obstruction,1 cases giant bladder.One case with low risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in combined screening,but high risk of age (maternal age were over 40 years old),it was 21 trisomy syndrome after the prenatal diagnosis.(2) Five cases of nasal bone loss in 9 cases of trisomy 21 (5/9),5 cases with three tricuspid regurgitation (5/9),4 cases of venous ductus a wave flow reverse (4/9),3 cases of fetal nasal bone loss accompanied by tricuspid regurgitation and venous ductus a wave flow reverse (3/9).One case of nasal bone loss in 2 cases of trisomy 18,2 cases were tricuspid regurgitation and venous ductus a wave flow reverse.Two cases in 4 cases of 45X had venous ductus a wave flow reverse.There were 8 cases (0.16％) nasal bone absence in 4983 cases of normal karyotype fetus,48 cases (0.96％) of tricuspid regurgitation and 44 cases (0.88％) of venous ductus a wave flow reverse.Thirty-two cases in 40 cases (80％) of fetal congenital heart disease were tricuspid regurgitation,30 cases of venous ductus a wave flow reverse (75％).Eight cases of nasal bone absence normal karyotype fetus were found the nasal bone at 20 weeks gestation.Conclusion Combination screening of nuchal translucency with serum markers in the first trimester were high detection rate and low false positive rate; a wave reversion and fetal nasal bone absence accompanied by tricuspid regurgitation can improve the detection rate of abnormal karyotype; abnormalities ultrasound marker may be associated with fetal congenital heart disease at 11-13 +6 weeks of pregnancy.

Objective:To identify the function of extracellular soluble vimentin that promotes proliferation, activation and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. Methods: The proliferation of rat splenocytes stimulated with vimentin was evaluated in vitro. The lymphocyte counts and vimentin-antibody levels of peripheral blood in mice immunized with vimentin were detected in vivo. Peritoneal macrophages were collected and cultured with different concentrations of vimentin to detect the effect on phagocytosing chicken red blood cells. The chemotaxis of NIH3T3 fibroblast towards vimentin was observed in transwell chamber. Results:In vitro vimentin dose dependently promoted the proliferation of splenocytes. The proliferation indexes of primed and naive splenocytes cultured with 16μg/ml vimentin were reached up to ( 196. 0 ± 9. 7 )% and ( 208. 9 ± 4. 6 )% respectively without significant difference. In vivo vimentin significantly enhanced the lymphocytes number(109 L-1)of peripheral blood(5. 74±0. 51 vs. 1. 69±0. 13)and the levels of vimentin specific antibody( OD value 2. 31 ± 0. 06 vs. 0. 19 ± 0. 08 ) that shown no significant difference from immunization with vimentin plus CFA. In vitro vimentin dose dependently stimulated phagocytic ability of macrophages and performed the chemotactic effects on NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Conclusion:Extracellular soluble vimentin promotes the proliferation,activation and chemotaxis of concerned inflammatory cells and possesses the functions as an alarmin.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for early postoperative cognitive function in the patients with peritoneal surface malignancies after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy(CRS-HIPEC).Methods Fifty-one patients(21 men and 30 women), ranged from 25 to 65 years,42-80 kg,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ,undergoing CRS-HIPEC under combined intrave-nous-inhalational anesthesia,were studied.Patients were assigned into postoperative cognitive dys-function (POCD)group or non-POCD group according to their performances of visual verbal learning test,concept shifting task,letter-digit coding test and stroop color-word test 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation.Years of education,medical history,duration of operation,intraoperative blood loss,frequency of cardiovascular events,amount of fluid infused per hour and VAS scores were recorded.Venous blood samples were taken at five time points:before surgery(T0 ),30 minutes after the beginning of the procedure(T1 ),30 minutes after the beginning of HIPEC(T2 ),at the end of the surgery(T3 )and 24 hours after the surgery(T4 ),to determine the concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA).pH,PaCO 2, Hb,blood glucose were recorded at T0-T2.Then the data was statistically analyzed.Results According to the diagnostic criteria,twenty patients developed POCD 20 (39.2%). There were significant differences between POCD and non-POCD groups on age,gender, pre-operative complications and the origin of tumor(P <0.05).The concentration of SAA increased from T2 and reached the peak at T4 ,and SAA concentration for patients in POCD group was higher than that for patients in non-POCD group(P <0.05).Compared with non-POCD group,the levels of blood glucose were significantly increased in POCD group at T2 (P <0.05).Conclusion CRS-HIPEC resul-ted in exaggerated and prolonged inflammatory response.Advanced age,female,diabetes,hyperten-sion,peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer are associated with early POCD in the patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC.