Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases ; deficiency ; genetics ; Mutation

Genomic instability is one of the most pervasive characteristics of cancer cells,and DNA damage response (DDR) pathway plays a crucial role in genomic stability.The DDR pathway is a complex signaling network,which involves cell DNA repair,apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.Deficiencies in these repair pathways can result in several different genetic disorders,including cancer.Targeted therapy based on inhibiting the DDR pathway in cancers offers a novel therapy strategy for patients with tumors lacking specific DDR functions.Many small-mole-cule compounds targeting DDR pathway are typically developed for solid cancer therapy.The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is a kind of DDR inhibitors which exploits the principle of synthetic lethality to selectively kill cancer cells.This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of PARP inhibitor action,the progress of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy,drug resistance and the challenge of PARP inhibitor in the future.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Danshensu on the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemic rats.

METHODSixty clean male SD rats were selected. Twelve of them were selected in the basic control group and fed with common foods, and the remaining rats were fed with the high-fat feeds. After the successful modeling, they were randomly divided into the high-fat control group and low dose (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), medium dose (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and high dose (40 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) Danshensu (dissolved in saline) groups. Both of the two groups were abdominally injected with the same volume of normal saline once a day for consecutively 30 days. The serum TG, TC, HDL-C and liver ACC1, FAS, HMGR, CPT-I mRNA expressions were detected.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONDanshensu could inhibit the LDL-C level, timely clear redundant cholesterol and effectively regulate the lipid metablism of hyperlipidemic rats by reducing the TC content, decrease the fatty acid by reducing the FAS mRNA expression, and reduce the synthesis levels of endogenous cholesterol by inhibit the HMGR mRNA expression.

Animals ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Lactates ; pharmacology ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on type 2 diabetic mice model and to provide mechanistic insights into its therapeutic effect. Type 2 diabetic animal model was established with high calorie fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Mice were then randomized into 5 groups: model control, FGF21 0.25 and 0.05 μmol x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups, insulin treatment group. Ten age-matched normal KM mouse administered with saline were used as normal controls. Serum glucose, insulin, lipid products and the change of serum and liver tissue inflammation factor levels between five groups of mouse were determined. The results showed that blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, and inflammatory factor average FGF-21 of type 2 diabetes model group and normal control group were significantly higher (P < 0.01), while compared with insulin group, no difference was significant. Average blood glucose, insulin, blood lipid and inflammatory factor of FGF-21 treatment group compared with type 2 diabetes group was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and insulin group has no difference with the model control group. The results of OGTT and HOMA-IR showed that insulin resistance state was significantly relieved in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study demonstrates that FGF-21 significantly remits type 2 diabetic mice model's insulin resistance state and participates in the regulation of inflammatory factor levels and type 2 diabetes metabolic disorders.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides ; blood

Clinical qualitative research on acupuncture has turned into one of the overseas attentive points in medical research, and up to now nearly one hundred papers have been published, covering various pivotal aspects of clinical acupuncture itself, such as therapeutic effect evaluation, experience and expectation of patients as well as understanding and experience of acupuncturists on the treatment. Currently, the qualitative research on the holistic therapeutic mode and efficacy evaluation of acupuncture has become the focus of research in foreign countries. Compared with the condition abroad, there is almost no relavent paper published in China. In this paper, the development status, focal field and main direction of overseas qualitative research on acupuncture are introduced, the characteristics of the research proposed in China is analyzed, and its future application in China is looked forward to.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Moxibustion ; Qualitative Research ; Research Design

OBJECTIVETo identify the correlation of the volume of residual urine (VRU) with the severity of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor contractility in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 152 patients with clinically diagnosed BPH underwent ultrasonography for measurement of the prostate volume and RVU, free uroflowmetry, and urodynamic examination for the severity of BOO and detrusor contractility. Using the software SPSS20. 0, we analyzed the correlation between the ultrasonographic results and urodynamic parameters and compared the two sample means by the t-test.

RESULTSThe prostate volume was correlated positively with BOO severity (r = 0.432, P < 0.01) and detrusor contractility (r = 0.343 , P < 0.01) while Qmax negatively with BOO severity (r = 0.327, P < 0.01) but not significantly with detrusor contractility (r = 0.123, P > 0.05). VRU showed a significantly negative correlation with detrusor contractility when > 150 ml (r = -0.490, P < 0.01), even more significantly when > 300 ml (r = -0.717, P < 0.01), but exhibited no significant correlation with it when ≤ 150 ml (r = 0.041, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVRU can somehow predict the detrusor function. For patients with VRU > 150 ml, especially for those with VRU > 300 ml, the detrusor function should be evaluated and urodynamic examination is recommended for exact assessment of BOO severity and detrusor contractility.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Hypertonia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Urine ; Urodynamics

Homocysteine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutrition Disorders ; complications ; Male ; Methylmalonic Acid ; urine ; Skin Diseases ; etiology ; Vitamin B 12 ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of integrative medicine (IM) treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to explore the medication laws by Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy outpatients or inpatients with DN at Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and China-Japan Friendship Hospital of the Ministry of Health were recruited from March 2008 to July 2009. They were allocated into the IM group (116 cases) or the Western medicine group (54 cases) according to whether or not they were willing to receive CM syndrome typing. The incidence of endpoint events and secondary outcome measures [such as body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), 24 h urinary protein (24 hU), serum creatinine (SCr), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)] of two groups were observed at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months respectively during the follow-ups. Patients in the IM group were syndrome typed. The CM recipes were collected to calculate the frequency of Chinese materia medica used. The liver function, blood routines, and ECG were observed and compared during the follow-ups.

RESULTSThe follow-up period was 3 to 24 months with the mean of 14 months. Data suitable for analysis mainly covered the 3rd, 6th, 12th and 18th month of the follow-up. Both PPS and FAS analysis showed that there were no significant difference in the incidence of endpoint between two groups (11.2% vs 7.4%, P>0.05). The level of body mass index (BMI) [(25.0 +/- 3.1) kg/m2] and fasting blood glucose (FBG) [(7.9 +/- 1.5) mmol/L] in the IM group were lower than those of the Western medicine group [(28.6 +/- 4.4) kg/m2 and (8.8 +/- 2.9) mmol/L respectively] at the 6-month follow-up (P<0.05). The levels of FBG [(7.9 +/- 1.4) mmol/L] and HbA1c [(7.8 +/- 1.4)%] in the IM group were lower than those of the Western medicine group [(9.6 +/- 2.8) mmol/L and (8.5 +/- 1.6)% respectively] at the 12-month follow-up (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other indices between the two groups at the 3- or 12-month follow-ups. The level of SCr in the IM group and the Western medicine group before follow-up were (96.8 +/- 35.2) micromol/L and (80.5 +/- 24.6) micromol/L respectively, showing statistical difference (P<0.01). There were no significance difference in SCr between the two groups at 3, 6, 12, 18-month follow-ups for center 2 (Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences) and center 3 (China-Japan Friendship Hospital of the Ministry of Health), while the level of SCr in the IM group [(82.4 +/- 25.7) micromol/L, (78.1 +/- 25.9) micromol/L, (80.3 +/- 24.0) micromol/L, respectively] were lower than that of the Western medicine group [(101.4 +/- 37.2) micromol/L, (96.5 +/- 34.1) micromol/L, (93.9 +/- 25.9) micromol/L, respectively] for center 1 (Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine) at 3, 6, 12-month follow-ups (P<0.05). The top ten drugs used most frequently in the 237 prescriptions collected was astragali (68.4%), ophiopogonis tube (67.5%), rehmannia dried rhizome (67.1%), danshen root (49.4%), Codonopsis pilosula (41.8%), figwort root (35.4%), Chinese magnolia-vine fruit (29.5%), safflower (27.9%), peach seed (26.2%), and angelica root (25.3%). There was no abnormal liver function, blood abnormalities, and serious adverse events in two groups during the follow-ups.

CONCLUSIONSCM treatment based on syndrome typing in combination with routine Western medicine for DN could reduce the levels of BMI, FBG, HbA1c, and SCr at partial time points, showing favorable safety. Chinese medicinals applied in treatment based on syndrome typing for DN covered mainly supplementing qi, nourishing yin, and activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

Aged ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Prospective Studies

AIM:To investigate the value of 3D-optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of macular disease before phacoemulsification.METHODS:Clinical records of 423 cataract patients (512 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in our hospital from June to December in 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.In addition to preoperative routine examination of fundus, Topcon 3D-OCT 2000 was used to examine the macula, the detection rate of macular disease was compared, risk factors of cataract combined with macular disease were analyzed.RESULTS:The OCT image results of 305 cases (384 eyes, 72.1%) were successfully obtained, 133 cases showed macular disease (146 eyes), the detection rate was 28.5% (95%CI:27.64%-29.40%);the macular disease of 35 cases (37 eyes) were detected by routine examination of fundus before operation, the detection rate was 7.2% (95%CI:6.72%-7.74%);the detection rate of 3D-OCT was significantly higher than routine examination of fundus for macular disease (χ2=79.05, P<0.01).Female, over 65 years old, surgical history of diseased eye, and high myopia were risk factors of cataract combined with macular disease, the relative risk was 1.705 (95%CI:1.091,2.664), 1.893 (95%CI:1.219,2.939), 6.593 (95%CI:2.027,21.447) and 95%CI:5.130 (2.841,9.263) respectively, the risk of cataract combined with macular disease showed an increasing trend with rising age.CONCLUSION:In preoperative examination of cataract patients, 3D-OCT has higher sensitivity in the detection of macular disease, especially for women, over 65 years old, high myopia and surgical history of diseased eye, 3D-OCT can be used as a routine preoperative examination.

Objective:To summarize the age, gender difference, cause, location, time, treatment and prognosis of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm, and analyze the influence of different treatment methods on the occurrence of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm.Methods:Using the method of systematic literature review, a total of 76 literatures were retrieved from multiple databases at home and abroad, and 45 literatures were screened out through the second screening of title, abstract and full text. The patients with intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm were selected as the research objects, and the duplicate cases were deleted; the age, gender, onset age, etiology, location, treatment and prognosis of the disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 54 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fracture related pseudoaneurysms were selected from 45 literatures, including 25 males and 27 females, and 2 cases had no gender; aged from 43 to 94 years old, and 4 cases were younger than 60 years old, 6 between 61 and 70, 17 between 71 and 80, and 25 between 81 and 90. Forty-five cases occurred in deep femoral artery, 3 cases in superficial femoral artery, 1 case in superior gluteal artery, 1 case of medial circumflex artery, 1 case of lateral circumflex femoral artery, 1 case of femoral artery, and 2 cases of unknown location. The occurrence time of pseudoaneurysm: 17 cases within 1 week after fracture, 8 cases from 1 week to 3 weeks, 19 cases from 3 weeks to 3 months, 2 cases more than 3 months, and 8 cases unknown. The causes of pseudoaneurysm: among the 54 patients, 41 cases had definite causes, including 21 cases of vascular injury caused by fracture block; 20 cases of iatrogenic injury, of which the incidence of direct injury of blood vessels by screw or drill was the highest, accounting for 55% (11/20). Twenty-two cases were treated with vascular embolization, 10 cases with surgical sutures, 8 cases with surgical ligation, 4 cases with resection of pseudoaneurysm, 5 cases with covered stent, and 4 cases with thrombin injection. There were 42 cases who had follow-up data, and no recurrence and other complications were found during the follow-up period.Conclusion:The peak age of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm was 71-90 years old. The incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm was more often within 1 week after fracture and 3 weeks to 3 months after fracture, due to fracture fragments and iatrogenic vascular injury caused by the location of the profundus femoris artery. Treatment options include vascular embolization, surgical ligation, suture or resection of pseudoaneurysm, covered stent and thrombin injection, and the prognosis is generally good.