BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that overexpression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) is the main reason for early neuronal regeneration failure. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s (hAMSCs) transplantation on neural functional recovery of rats with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley were randomized into sham, I/R, and hAMSCs groups (n=20 per group). Rats in the hAMSCs group were given 1 mL of hAMSCs suspension (1.0×108/L) via the tail vein 24 hours after I/R injury. Rat neurological function recovery was assessed based on behavior changes, as determined by Longa behavioral score, cylinder test, horizontal ladder walking test and limb symmetry test at 1, 3 days, and 1, 2, 3 weeks post transplantation. Cel migration and distribution were observed using immunofluorescence method at 1 day, and 1, 2, 3 weeks post transplantation. MAG and OMgp protein expression was detected by western blot assay at 2 weeks post transplantation. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining at 3 weeks post transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the hAMSCs transplantation group, red marker-positive cel s were visible around the injury region at 1 week after transplantation, and over time, these cel s were increased in number. Significant improvement in the neurological function of rats were observed in the hAMSCs group as compared with the I/R group at 3 days and 1, 2, 3 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05), and the expression of MAG and OMgp proteins were also decreased dramatical y in the hAMSCs group (P<0.05). After I/R injury, the number of apoptotic cel s was increased, but hAMSCs transplantation reversed this effect. Overal , hAMSCs transplantation can reduce neuronal apoptosis by reducing MAG and OMgp expression levels, and thereby promote neurological functional recovery from I/R injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the approaches and methods for clinical pharmacists to provide clinical pharmaceutical care.METHODS: By reviewing pertinent literature combining the working experience of the clinical pharmacists,the approaches and methods for clinical pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care were explored.RESULTS: Pharmacists could provide clinical pharmaceutical care by participating in clinical rounds,consultation and pharmaceutical monitoring,intervening medical order,offering drug-counseling service,handling the adverse clinical pharmacy events and providing medication education etc.CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacists can provide various kinds of clinical pharmaceutical services for the safe,effective and economical use of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo and rationality of the perioperative use of drugs in patients with cataracta. METHODS:The drug use data of 60 patients undergoing cataracta surgery in our hospital from Apr. 2007 to Mar. 2008 were analyzed retrospectively and statistically. RESULTS:The drugs used during perioperative period consisted of antibacterials (applied either systemically or locally) and other assistant drugs (blood coagulants,drugs for decreasing intraocular pressure,anti inflammatory drugs and Chinese patent medicines). All the patients were treated with systematic antibacterials for prevention medication. The systemically used antibacterials consisted of ?-lactam antibiotics,clindamycins,aminoglycosides,fluoroquinolones and amphemycins. The problems existed in systemic use of the antibacterials manifested as irrationality in the choice of drug category,dosage,administration frequency,administration time and drug combination,etc. The locally applied antibacterials consisted of aminoglycosides,fluoroquinolones,tetracyclines and lincomycins. The problems existed in the local application of the antibacterials manifested as irrationality in administration time,drug change and drug combination,etc. CONCLUSION:The rationality of the perioperative drug use in patients with cataracta in our hospital remains to be improved.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the problems existing in the use of thiamphenicol for outpatients. METHODS:In this retrospective study,a total of 743 outpatient prescriptions of Thiamphenicol enteric-coated tablets in one hospital during Mar. 2008 were analyzed in respect of the prescription writing,medication suitability and amount of money of prescriptions,etc. RESULTS:The problems in the use of Thiamphenicol manifested as nonstandard in prescription writing,irrational in clinical drug choice,drug combination,administration and dosage,etc. CONCLUSION:The use of Thiamphenicol in the hospital is somewhat irrational thus remains to be standardized further.

Aromatic hydrocarbons are capital environmental contaminations. Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X) is capable of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons via the gentisate pathway. Biochemical characterization indicated that it has isofunctional enzymes for the mono- and dioxygenase- catalysed reactions. One set of the enzymes is constitutive and the other is strictly inducible. To date, only the genes for the constitutively-expressed gentisate dioxygenase and the downstream enzymes have been cloned. A mutant strain of P25X, designated SNZ28, which had the constitutive copy of the gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase gene interrupted by a streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance gene cassette, was found to still express gentisate dioxygenase when induced by gentisate. The proteome profiles of P25X and mutant SNZ28, grown in the presence and absence of the aromatic inducer gentisate, were compared after 2D-PAGE. Fifteen distinctive protein spots which were observed only in induced cells of P25X and mutant SNZ28 but absent in non-induced cells of both were further analyzed by MALDI-TOF and Q-TOF. Of the 15 proteins, 12 showed significant sequence similarity to proteins with assigned function in other microorganisms . The identification of protein P4 which showed positive identification to a gentisate dioxygenase from Ralstonia species indicated the putative role of this protein to encode gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase in P.alcaligenes.

Lactoferrin(LF) belongs to the transferrin family and is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a variety of biological activities, which not only binds to viral antigenic determinants to inhibit the recognition and binding of viruses to host cells,but also inhibits cell carcinogenesis through the production of thiobarbituric acid, malondialdehyde and other substances with strong antioxidant properties. In recent years, it has been found that in addition to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions, LF also has the ability to promote the repair of various types of damaged tissues. This paper mainly reviews the repairing and pro-repairing effects of LF after skin, muscle, bone, intestinal, brain and gingival injuries, aiming to elucidate the further application prospects of LF in the medical field.

Objective　To investigate the application of bursting phacoemulsification for hard nucleus cataract.Methods　Phaco burst and chop technique were used to emulsify the hard nucleus cataract. The degree of nuclear hardness in 74 eyes was grade Ⅳ～Ⅴ.Results　The visual acuity without correction was 0.8 or better in 75.67%, 79.73% and 83.87% one day, one week and three months after the operations respectively. There was no statistical difference between the mean preoperative astigmatism and postoperative astigmatism(P＞0.05).There were corneal edema in 5 eyes, posterior capsular ruptures in 5 eyes. Little lens fragments dropped into the vitreous in 2 eyes.Conclusion　The phaco burst technique is apt for phacoemulsification of hard nucleus cataract.

To analyze the effect of the treatment of dual plane breast augmentation ( one part of the implantation was located behind breast parenchyma and the other part was located behind the pectoralis majior muscle) use areo-lar papillaris incision. Using the areolar papillaris incision complete dual plane breast augmentation. For some breast potsis patients the superfluous areolar papillaris skin was removed and suspension fixation was performed at the same time. Some patients were followed up for 3-months to 2-years. All surgical outcomes were satisfactory with natural breast shapes, and there were no complications such as capsular contracture, prosthesis shift or burst. U-sing the areola papillaris incision can complete dual plane breast augmentation surgery without endoscopic guid-ance;surgery is simple under directvision.

BACKGROUND:No ideal drugs can be used in the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening of artificial joints. Some researchs showed that erythromycin has strong inhibitory effects on periprosthetic osteolysis. Its antibacterial activity, however, limits its application in artificial joint loosening prevention. LY267108 is a new type of erythromycin derivatives, eliminates the antibacterial activities, and retains the anti-inflammatory activity.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate inhibitory effect of LY267108 on nuclear factor kappa B during osteoclast activation.
METHODS:RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor were added to RAW264.7 cellline of a mouse model induced by osteoclasts. Simultaneously, different concentrations of alendronate sodium, erythromycin and LY267108 were cocultured for 48 hours. The activity of nuclear factor kappa B and content of intracytoplasmic inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa B alpha were measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:LY267108 has a strong inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B. 10 mg/L LY267108, 25 mg/L erythromycin and 10 mg/L alendronate sodium had similar inhibitory effects on nuclear factor kappa B, which was obviously stronger than 10 mg/L erythromycin. However, 25 mg/L LY267108 had strongest inhibitory effects. No significant difference in intracytoplasmic inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa B alpha levels was detected among 10 mg/L LY267108, 25 mg/L erythromycin and 10 mg/L alendronate sodium groups, but was stil apparently higher than 10 mg/L erythromycin group. Levels of intracytoplasmic inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa B alpha were highest in the 25 mg/L LY267108 group. Results indicated that LY267108 in the process of osteoclast activation had stronger inhibitory effects on nuclear factor kappa B compared with erythromycin, and its safety was higher than alendronate sodium. Simultaneously, LY267108 did not have antimicrobial activity, and became a potential ideal drug for prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening of artificial joints. However, the inhibitory effects of LY267108 on the degradation of inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa B alpha would be a mechanism of inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B.

Objective To investigate the role of ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord in reduction of neuropathic pain (NP) by electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.Methods Fifty male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,in which the intrathecal catheter was successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (S group),chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group,acupuncture at acupoint group (EA group),acupuncture at non-acupoint group (NA-EA group),and ERK inhibitor U0126 group (U0126 group).NP was induced by CCI in groups CCI,EA,NA-EA and U0126.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.EA (intensity ＜ 1.5 mA,frequency 2Hz) of Zusanli and Yanglingquan lasting 30 min was performed once a day for 6 days starting from 4th day after induction of NP in group EA.EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Yanglingquan on the operated side in group NA-EA.Intrathecal U0126 5 μg was started on 4th day after induction of NP twice a day for 6 consecutive days.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI (T0,baseline) and at days 3,5,7 and 9 after CCI (T1-4).The rats were sacrificed on 10th day after induction of NP and the right lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was significantly shortened,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in the other 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with CCI group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolenged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was downregulated in EA and U0126 groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in NA-EA group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with EA group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in U0126 group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord is involved in reduction of NP by EA at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.