Objective To study the diagnosis and treatm ent of choledochoduodenal Fistula (CDF).Methods To analysis preoperative and operative examination and postoperative situation of CDF.Results The operation confirmed the preoperative ERCP diagnosis of 19 cases with CDF.9 cases have been taken the choledochojejunostomy with tran sverse cutting the common bile duct and this method has been proved very effecti ve. Conclusions ERCP is an important method for the preoper ative diagnosis of CDF. The choledochojejunostomy with the common bile transvers ed cat duct is a recommended procedure to CDF.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a biological factor associated with gastric carcinoma. The prognosis of EBV-associated gastric car-cinoma (EBVaGC) is good because of its distinct clinicopathological features. The pathogenesis mechanism of EBVaGC is extensively in-vestigated at present. The development of molecular techniques has stimulated the research on the expression of EBV genes in EB-VaGC, thereby providing a theoretical foundation on the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of EBVaGC. This article reviewed present research advances in EBV genes in EBVaGC.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in Southeast Asia, especially in the area of southern China. It is acknowl-edged that NPC is absolutely related to EBV infection. Nevertheless, there are just a few researches about the relationship between the level of EBV antibodies and the tumor stages and it hasn't come to conclusion. This review makes a summary on present research progress and would be valuable for the better understanding of the contribution of EBV antibodies to the tumor stages in NPC.

Microbes that produce Docosahexaenoic Acid were isolated from seawater. 160 strains capable of producing lipids were screened out using Sudan Black B dying method from 280 seawater samples. From 60 strains of microorganisms producing bigger lipid particles, 7 strains of them capable of producing lipids more than 8% were obtained with Soxhlet abstracting method in the first screening. In the secondary screening from 10 strains with high lipids yield, strain 7-3 capable of producing 15.9% lipids was obtained, in which the content of DHA(Docosahexaenoic Acid)is 45.2%. Strain 7-3 was identified as Brettanomyces based on its morphological properties, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties.

Objective To investigate expression and suppressive function of CD39 + regulatory T cells (Treg) in kidney transplant recipients.Method Thirty recipients of first kidney transplants were treated with tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone.Within 28 days posttransplantation,there were 14 patients subject to acute rejection (AR group),and the rest 16 patients had no episodes of acute rejections (NR group).Twelve healthy volunteers served as healthy controls (HC group).We collected peripheral blood from the three groups and separated PBMC by density gradient centrifugation,and sorted Tresp,CD39-Treg and CD39+ Treg by flow cytometry.We next analyzed the ratio of CD39 + Treg/CD4+ T cells.ELISA was used to determine the suppressive ability of CD39-Treg and CD39+ Treg on secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by Tresp.Results The ratio of CD39 + Treg/CD4 + T cells in AR group was significantly reduced as compared with HC group and NR group (P＜0.05).In HC group and NR group,the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by Tresp was suppressed significantly (P＜0.05) by CD39+ Treg.CD39Treg could suppress secretion of IFN-γ but not IL-17 production by Tresp.CD39+ Treg in AR group AR could suppress the secretion of IFN-γ significantly (P＜0.01),but not to IL-17 production.Conclusion CD39+ Treg have important immunoregulation function.The relative amount of CD39+ Treg was reduced and their regulatory function was impaired in patients with acute rejection.

Objective To explore the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients who developed urinary and male genital cancers after transplantation. Methods Data of 31 kidney transplant recipients developed de novo urinary and male genital cancer were compared with data of 31 patients in general population with the same age and same tumor stage. Results Compared with the general population, the overall survival was significantly worse in the transplant recipients (P=0. 02) , 5-year survival rates for each group were 50% vs 68%. Multivariate analyses demonstrated cancer stage to be a negative risk factor for survival for transplant recipients with de novo urinary and male genital cancer, and surgery and functioning graft to be the positive survival predictors. Conclusions Transplant recipients experience worse outcomes than the general population from urinary and male genital cancers. Cancers in transplant recipients are more biologically aggressive at the time of diagnosis.

Objective To explore the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) on biological behaviors of lung cancer A549 cells in nude mice.Methods Thirty-six models of transplanted tumor in Balb/c mice were established by using lung cancer A549 cells and divided into three groups:control group,without given any immunosuppressant; CsA group,intraperitoneally given CsA; Tac group,intraperitoneally given Tac.The transplanted tumor growth curve was drawn according to the transplanted tumor volume,and the influencing ratio was calculated according to the final tumor weight.The changes in cell migration ability were observed by using Transwell system.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to examine the apoptosis index of the transplanted tumor.Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA.Results The growth of transplanted tumor in CsA and Tac groups was faster than in control group.Final tumor volume and final tumor weight in CsA and Tac groups were greater than those in control group.The influencing ratio in CsA and Tac groups was 19％ (P＜0.05) and 25％ (P＜0.05),respectively.The migration ability was greater in CsA and Tac groups than in control group (P＜0.01).The apoptosis index of the transplanted tumor in CsA and Tac groups was lower than in control group (P＜0.05).The expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA was higher in CsA and Tac groups than in control group (P＜0.05),and that of Bax mRNA was lower in CsA and Tac groups than in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Both CsA and Tac can promote the growth of transplanted tumor in nuce mice bearing 549 cells and enhance the invasion forces,which is probably related with the apoptosis induction of tumor cells.

Objective To observe the effect of methylene blue on the expression of liver inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rats with different stages of sepsis.Methods One hundred and twenty-six adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, sepsis group and methylene blue group, each group was again subdivided into 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 hours subgroups, each subgroup6 rats. The model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, and in the sham operation group, the abdominal incision was performed and the intestinal mesentery was separated only, without ligation and perforation. In methylene blue group, 15 mg/kg methylene blue was injected into a caudal vein at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 hours after CLP in the rats in corresponding subgroups, respectively; in the sepsis and sham operation subgroups, the same amount of 0.9% normal saline was given. After administration for 6 hours in various groups, the rats were sacrificed and the liver tissue was harvested immediately. The expression of iNOS mRNA of liver tissues was determined by the real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR),and the protein expression of iNOS was determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with sham operation group, the liver tissue expression of iNOS mRNA was significantly up-regulated in sub-sepsis groups at 0, 6, 12 and 18 hours after CLP (2-ΔΔCt: 16.66±2.81 vs. 1.00±0.36, 12.26±5.78 vs. 1.00±0.30, 6.08±1.33 vs. 1.00±0.18, 2.42±0.64 vs. 1.00±0.12, allP < 0.01), after 24 hours the expression of iNOS mRNA had no significant change; the liver tissue expression of iNOS protein was obviously up-regulated in sub-sepsis groups at 6, 12 ,18 and 36 hours after CLP (gray value: 0.350±0.011 vs. 0.210±0.005, 1.460±0.085 vs. 0.090±0.005, 0.230±0.012 vs. 0.18±0.008, 0.310±0.017 vs. 0.200±0.010, allP < 0.01). Compared with sepsis group, the expression of the liver tissue iNOS mRNA was down-regulated in methylene blue subgroups at 0, 12 and 18 hours after CLP (2-ΔΔCt: 9.90±3.06 vs. 16.66±2.81, 1.56±0.58 vs. 6.08±1.33, 1.11±0.15 vs. 2.42±0.64, allP < 0.05), and the expression of iNOS protein was down regulated in methylene blue subgroups at 6, 12, 18 and 36 hours after CLP (gray value: 0.150±0.008 vs. 0.350±0.011, 0.950±0.009 vs. 1.460±0.085, 0.150±0.007 vs. 0.230±0.012, 0.170±0.009 vs. 0.310±0.017, allP < 0.05).Conclusion Zero-24 hours after CLP, the expressions of mRNA iNOS and protein in liver of septic rats are significantly increased; methylene blue can markedly inhibit the expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein in the liver of rats with sepsis.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and epidemiological value of semi-quantitative regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)imaging in children with school phobia. Methods A total of 20 cases diagnosed with school phobia were examined with rCBF.Twelve were males and the other 8 were females.The mean age was(14.2?2.1)years(11-18 years).Semi-quantitative analysis methods were used to investigate the correlations among gender,age and rCBF. ResultsThere were significant differences in the rCBF of right fronto-parietal lobe,right occipital lobe,caput and putamen,left thalamus and hippocampus,and temporo-occipital lobe between males and females(P0.05).Only the PI of left temporo-parietal lobe of those ≥ 15 years old was significantly different from that of those

AIM: To isolate the stem cells from human placenta and induce them into cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from human placenta and characterized by morphologic analysis. The “hanging drop” methods were used to inducte stem cells into cardiomyocytes. The expressions of atrial natriuretic factor(Anf) and ?-myosin heavy chain(?-MHC) genes were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Stem cells derived from human placenta were self-renewed and differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro. RT-PCR showed that Anf and ?-MHC genes were expressed in the “beating cells”.CONCLUSION: Human placenta is an abundant source of stem cells.