Physicians often encounter patients with both hyperthyroidism and pregnancy in clinical practice. Proper treatment will help a lot for both mother and fetus. However, whether propranolol could be applied routinely in the medical therapy other than antithyroid drugs is not regularly mentioned in text book, because there were few literatures reporting its side effects including miscarrage, intrauterine growth retardation, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Animal experiments revealed bradycardia after propranolol administration, and respiratory depression after birth due to blockage of β receptors in the lungs. Nevertheless, this drug has been considered safe in pregnant hyperthyroid women according to long-term experience, as no malformation has been demonstrated in the offsprings, and it helps a lot in hyperemesis gravidarum as well. Specialists also recommend short-term use like a few weeks before antithyroid drugs set in action and during thyroid storm, in order to avoid potential side effects. It is suggested that less than routine-dose of the drug be administered before labor, as the plasma drug concentration in the neonate would elevate after birth. As for lactating mother, it's safe to take regular dose of the drug because only extremely low dose will be taken by the neonate through milk.

Adult ; Coronary Occlusion ; therapy ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; Young Adult

It is nonlinear relationship between breath sounds and respiratory flow rate, thus breath sounds might be a new solution for respiratory monitoring. The envelope of the breath sounds was created firstly. And the linear relationship between the logarithm of envelope and the respiratory flow rate was proved. Then model parameters were derived from every subject using regression analysis. Finally, using these parameters estimated respiratory flow rate was achieved by the logarithm of envelope with 14.9% error. Therefore, respiratory flow rate estimation and respiration monitoring based on breath sounds are feasible.
Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Respiratory Sounds

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Betaine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; urine ; Humans ; Hydroxocobalamin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Infant ; Methylmalonic Acid ; blood ; urine ; Mutation ; Vitamin B 12 ; metabolism

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Myocarditis

Objective To investigate the effect of heart preservation solution containing pinacidil on mitochondrial function in isolated rat hearts. Methods One hundred and twenty pathogen-free SD rats of both sexes weighing 250-350 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 65 mg/kg. Their hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. Left ventricular enddiastolic pressure was measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon inserted in the left ventricle. The isolated hearts were randomized into 5 groups (n = 24 each):group Ⅰ was perfused with cardioplegic solution HTK; group Ⅱ with HTK containing pinacidil (a non-specific sarcKATP and mitoKATP channel opener) 0.5 mmol/L; group Ⅲ with HTK containing pinacidil 0.5 mmol/L + 5-HD (a selective mitoKATP channel blocker) 100 μmol/L; group Ⅳ with HTK containing pinacidil 0.5 mmol/L + HMR-1098 100 μmol/L (a selective sarcKATP channel blocker) and group Ⅴ with HTK containing pinacidil 0.5 mmol/L + 5-HD 100 μmol/L + HMR-1098 100μmol/L. The isolated hearts were perfused with simple HTK or HTK containing pinacidil or pinacidil + 5-HD and/or HMR 20 ml/kg at 10 ml/min and then removed from Langendorff apparatus and dipped into the same HTK solution for 8 h at 4 ℃followed by 60 min reperfusion. The respiratory function of mitochondria (respiratory control rate (RCR), the rate of oxygen consumption in state 3/state 4 and P/O) was measured at the end of equilibration (T1) after 8 hpreservation (T2) and at the end of 60 min reperfusion (T3). The CK-MB and LDH activities and cTnI expression in myocardium was detected at T1 and T3. The ultrastructure of myocardium was examined at T3. Results Perfusion suspension-reperfusion (PS/R) significantly decreased mitochondrial respiratory function (RCR, P/O and rate of O2 consumption in state 3) and increased myocardial cTnI concentration and CK-MB and LDH activities at T3 compared with baseline at T1 in group Ⅰ. Pinacidil significantly increased mitochondrial respiratory function (RCR, P/O and rate of O2 consumption in state 3) and decreased myocardial cTnI concentration and CK-MB and LDH activities in group Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅰ-indicative of protective effect of pinacidil on mitochondria against PS/R injury. The protective effect of pinacidil against PS/R injury was attenuated by 5-HD and/or HMR1098. The myocardial damage was slightest in group Ⅱ . Conclusion Both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATPchannel are involved in the protective effect of pinacidil against PS/R-induced myocardial damage during heart preservation.

Objective To investigate the expression and signficance of secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2>) in gastric adenocareinoma. Methods Sixty-five samples of gastric adenocarcinoma (11 with high differentiation, 10 with median differentiation and 44 with low differentiation) and 11 samples of normal gastric mucosa had been obtained from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from January 2006 to April 2007. Fifty samples of gastric adenocarcinoma were found with lymph node metastasis. The expression of sPLA2> in gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric mucosa was detected. The relationship between sPLA2> and the differentiation of gastric adenoearcinoma, lymph node metastasis and helicobacter pylori infection was detected. All the data were processed with chi-square test or Spearman rank correlation. Results The positive rates of the sPLA2> expression in normal gastric mucosa and gastric adenocarcinoma were 36% (4/11) and 78% (51/65). The positive rates of sPLA2> expression in low, median and high differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma were 84% (37/44), 70% (7/10) and 64% (7/11), respectively. The expression of sPLA2> was positively correlated with the malignancy of gastric adenocarcinoma (r =0.272, P <0.05). The positive rates of sPLA2> expression in gastric adenocarcinoma with and without lymph node metastasis were 88% (44/50) and 47% (7/15), respectively. The expression of sPLA2> was correlated with lymph node metastasis (X2 = 9. 347, P < 0.05). The positive rates of sPLA2> expression in gastric adenocarcinoma with and without helicobacter pylori infection were 79% (38/48) and 76% (13/17), respectively. The expression of sPLA2> was not correlated with helicobacter pylori infection (X2 = 0. 000, P > 0.05). Conclusions The activation of sPLA2> gene may be correlated with the genesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. sPLA2> may influence the invasion of gastric adenocarcinoma, and can be used as an indicator in predicting poor prognosis.

Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography ; methods

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation cannot only cause learning and memory impairment of animal and human, but also lead to increased content of nitric oxide in brain tissue of rats. Melatonin has the effects of antifreeradical and antioxidation. It has been reported that melatonin can improve aluminum chloride and morphine abstinence induced learning and memory impairment of animal, however, whether it has influence on sleep deprivation induced learning and memory impairment is not very clear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of melatonin on memory of rats after sleep deprivation and analyze its possible mechanism. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Teaching and Experiment Center of Basic Medicine and Department of Nursing, the Fourth Military Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Teaching and Experiment Center of Basic Medicine of the Fourth Military Medical University in January 2005. A total of 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, namely, control group, small dosage of melatonin group and large dosage of melatonin group, with 8 in each group on the basis of random digits table.METHODS: To rats in small dosage of melatonin group and large dosage of melatonin group, the dosage of melatonin was 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg respectively, which was made into 2 mL solution and intraperitoneally injected into the rats at 17:00 o'clock every day, while rats in control group were injected with 2 mL physiological sodium at the same time, once a day for continuous 7 days. Then a 3-day sleep deprivation was given to the rats; melatonin or physiological sodium were also given according to different groups during these days. Rat model of sleep deprivation was established by "Flower Ppot" technique; water maze was used for detecting the memory of rats after 48-hour and 72-hour sleep deprivation; took escape latency (s) as indicator of changes of learning and memory of rats; the shorter the escape latency, the better the spacial memory of rats. When sleep deprivation was finished, all the rats were put to death and hippocampus and cerebral cortex were taken out in ice bath. The content of nitric oxide in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was detected with the method of nitrate reduction, and malondialdehyde (MDA) with the method of thiobarbital acid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of escape latency after 48hour and 72-hour sleep deprivation. Contents of nitric oxide and MDA in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats.There was significant difference in escape latency in water maze after 48-hour and 72-hour sleep deprivation among each group (F=11.886, P=0.000)and (F=5.440, P=0.012); the escape latency after 48-hour and 72-hour sleep deprivation remarkably decreased both in small and large dosage of melatonin groups as compared with control group, and the latency after 48-hour sleep deprivation was shorter in large dosage group than that in small ide and MDA in brain of rats among each group, namely, nitric oxide in cerebral cortex (F=14.038, P=0.000), MDA in cerebral cortex (F=27.414,P=0.000), nitric oxide in hippocampus (F=22.692, P=0.000), MDA in hippocampus (F=14.316, P=0.000). Compared with control group, the contents of nitric oxide and MDA in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the two experimental groups decreased significantly, and there was obvious difference in the content of nitric oxide in hippocampus between large and small dosage groups, which showed a dose-effect relationship.CONCLUSION: Melatonin can improve memory impairment of rats after sleep deprivation, which may be closely related to the effect of inhibiting the increase of nitric oxide and MDA in their cerebral cortex and hippocampus.