Antimicrobial peptides are a class of small peptides with anti-extrogenous pathogen activities.They are derived from organism and possess antibacterial,antifungus,antiviruses and anticancer cell actions.In recent years,it’s found that some microbial pathogens are able to resist antimicrobial peptides.The constitutive and inducible mechanism of a pathogen resists a given peptide were reviewed in this paper.

Objective To introduce the preliminary experience of using rigid neuroendoscope in repair of spinal meningocele or myelomeningocele. Methods 3 infantile patients aging between 13 months and 22 months underwent the resection and repair of spinal meningocele or myelomeningocele in May, 2013. The operations were performed under the direct visualization of the rigid neuroendoscope in the aid of the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. All the surgical manipulations were accomplished outside the sheath of the endoscope. Results The surgical procedures were smooth. All the patients recovered satisfactorily. There was no postoperative complication. At the one-year follow-up, they were developing normally. Conclusions The rigid neuroendoscope is useful to the resection and repair of spinal meningocele and myelomeningocele. It could simplify the surgical procedures.

Objective To research the effects of puerarin on Alzheimer′s disease(AD) rats spatial learning and memory dis‐order induced by Aβ1‐42 .Methods Bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ1‐42 was used to induced AD model rats .All rats under‐went gavage administration with puerarin with different dose for 28 d since the 3rd day after the construction of model ;and the Morris water maze was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of rats .Results The model group rats showed obvious learning and memory disorder ,and the ability of learning and memory disorder of rats in the high ,medium and low dose of puerarin interven‐tion group were significantly improved .Conclusion Puerarin can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of AD model rats .

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has definitely clinical effect in treating hyperlipidemia, but the action mechanism still need to be explored. Based on consulting Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010), all the lipid-lowering Chinese patent medicines were analyzed by associated rules data mining method to explore high frequency herb pairs. The top three couplet medicines with high support degree were Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Crataegi Fructus, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Crataegi Fructus, and Polygoni Multiflori Radix-Crataegi Fructus. The 20 main ingredients were selected from the herb pairs and docked with 3 key hyperlipidemia targets, namely 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α ) and niemann-pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) to further discuss the molecular mechanism of the high frequency herb pairs, by using the docking program, LibDock. To construct evaluation rules for the ingredients of herb pairs, the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value between computed and initial complexes was first calculated to validate the fitness of LibDock models. Then, the key residues were also confirmed by analyzing the interactions of those 3 proteins and corresponding marketed drugs. The docking results showed that hyperin, puerarin, salvianolic acid A and polydatin can interact with two targets, and the other five compounds may be potent for at least one of the three targets. In this study, the multi-target effect of high frequency herb pairs for lipid-lowering was discussed on the molecular level, which can help further researching new multi-target anti-hyperlipidemia drug.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; PPAR alpha ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Pueraria ; chemistry

Objective In order to provide clinical evidence of reducing postoperative complications of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids and observe the effects of constipation on postoperative complications of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids.Methods One hundred and sixty cases of hemorrhoid were divided into two groups according to whether suffering from constipation:there were eihgty cases who were suffered from constipation in the experimental group and eighty cases who were not suffered from constipation in the control group.All patients' postoperative bleeding,anal edema,stool impaction and satisfaction were observed within 30 days and these data were compared and analysed by using SPSS 13.0 software.Results In the experimental group,the postoperative bleeding incidence was 37.5 ％ (30/80),the anal edema incidence was 31.3 ％ (25/80),the stool impaction inci dence was 8.6％ (7/80),and the patients' satisfaction rate was 88.6％ (71/80).In the control group,the postoperative bleeding incidence was 18.6％ (15/80),the anal edema's incidence was 15.0％ (12/80),the stool impaction incidence was 1.3％ (1/80),and the patients' satisfaction rate was 97.5％ (78/80).All the indexes above were different statistically in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion constipation could increase complications and reduce the degree of satisfaction after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids.

Objective To observe the changes of serum potassium concentration in rectal cancer patients from the admission to before the operation,to provide clinical evidence for preventing serum potassium disorder during and after their operation.Methods Monitoring of the changes of serum potassium concentration of 40 cases of rectal cancer patients according to three time points including the first day of admission,before taking of cathartics and the morning before operation.They were divided into different groups according to their age(young,middle age and elderly group),gender(male and female group),diet(normal,decreased slightly and serious decline group) and course(long,middle and short course group) of disease.The serum potassium concentration was observed between each time point of each group and SPSS13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the changes above.Results The mean of all patients' serum potassium concentration was (4.09 ± 0.62) mmol/L on the first day of admission,was (3.83 ± 0.46) mmoL/L before taking of cathartics that was decreased compared to the former and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01),it was (3.36 ±0.40) mmol/L on the morning of operation and had significant difference with the above two groups (P ＜ 0.01).It hadn't significant difference between different gender and age groups at different time points (P ＞ 0.05) except between the young group and the elderly group in the morning of the operation (P ＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences between the different diet condition and different course at anytime point (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The rectal cancer patients were possiblely in hypokalemia before operation,the causes might be relative to the long course of disease,the decreased diet,the aged and infirm,the diet structure change after admission and taking cathartics cleaning intestinal tract.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between phenotype transformation and biomechanical properties of detrusor smooth muscle cell (DSMC) subjected to the cyclic mechanical stretch.

METHODSCultured rat DSMCS were grown on collagen-coated silicone membranes and subjected to continuous cycles of stretch-relaxation. All experiments were made on cells between passage 2 and 4. Each cycle consists of 5-second stretch and 5-second relaxation. The computer controlled vacuum induced 10% (I), 20% (II) and 30% (III) maximum elongation of the plate membrane at different designed pressures. We assessed DNA synthesis rate using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. Using immunofluorescent assay and flow cytometer, we analysed the expression of SM-alpha-actin and proliferation of DSMC. The image analysis and micropipette aspiration systems were employed to investigate the single cell contraction and viscoelasticity. The elastic modulus K(1), K(2) and viscoelastic coefficient micro were determined using the three-element standard linear solid model, thus demonstrating the passive deformation ability of detrusor cells.

RESULTSAs the basic structural changes to mechanical stretch, DSMCs underwent phenotypic modulation from their normal contractile phenotype to a "synthetic" phenotype: the DSMCs became more proliferative and the actin less organized along the cell's long axis. The cell proliferation index (CPI) of control and stretched group (10%, 20%, 30% elongation) were 0.24, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.65 respectively. After mechanical stretch, the well-spread filaments changed their orientation. Contraction and viscoelasticity of single DSMC subjected to stretch both decreased significantly compared to control. The Vmax and. DeltaLmax of group III (30% elongation) saw significant decreases compared with unstretched control (P < 0.01). K(1) and K(2) decreased with the increasing of mechanical overload, however, there was no statistic difference between groups II and group III.

CONCLUSIONSStructure determines function. Conversely, dysfunction implies the structural transformation. Functional abnormalities of BOO have the structural basis: phenotype transformation of detrusor cells. Cyclic stretch and relaxation applied to DSMCs in vitro can be used to model the increases in urodynamic load experienced by the bladder detrusor muscle under the conditions of bladder outlet obstruction. Phenotypic transformation is the structural basis of functional changes of DSMC subjected to periodic overload mechanical stretch.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; DNA ; biosynthesis ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Phenotype ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Mechanical ; Urinary Bladder ; physiology ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of blood activating wind dissipating acupuncture (BAWDA) on blood pressure (BP) of prehypertension (PHT) patients.

METHODSTotally 60 PHT patients were assigned to the control group and the acupuncture group according to random digit table, 30 in each group. All patients were intervened by life style. BAWDA was additionally performed in patients in the acupuncture group for 6 weeks (30 times). The improvement of BP after intervened by acupuncture was observed. BP success rates and the proportion of PHT progressing to hypertension (HT) were also observed after 6-week intervention of acupuncture and at 1-year follow-up.

RESULTSSystolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased after 6-week intervention in the acupuncture. The BP control rate was 56.7% (17/30 cases) in the acupuncture group vs.10.0% (3/30 cases) in the control group with statistical difference (chi2 = 14.70, P < 0.01). At 1-year follow-up BP success rate was 36.7% (11/30 cases) in the acupuncture group, remarkably higher than that of the control group [13.3%, (4/30 cases)] (chi2 = 4.36, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBAWDA showed BP regulating roles in a gradually stable decreasing tendency. It also could elevate BP success rate of PHT, and reduce the risk of PHT progressing to HT.

Acupuncture ; methods ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Prehypertension ; therapy ; Wind

BACKGROUNDPosterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear is a severe injury to the knee joint and often requires surgical reconstruction. A number of PCL reconstruction techniques have been reported. However, the problem of residual laxity after surgery is not unusual with conventional techniques. This study aims to introduce a modified PCL reconstruction with remnant preservation and graft tension relieving.

METHODSBetween December 2008 and June 2011, 36 cases of PCL reconstruction were performed in our institute, 20 with conventional technique (Group I) and 16 with modified technique (Group II). Pre- and post-operative results of the international knee documentation committee knee evaluation form (IKDC), Lysholm, Tegner, and KT2000 side-to-side difference were obtained.

RESULTSSignificant improvements of IKDC, Lysholm, Tegner, and KT2000 results after surgery were found in both groups. Group II showed better improvement in all subjective examinations and significantly more decrease of KT 2000 side-to-side difference.

CONCLUSIONModified PCL reconstruction with remnant preservation and graft tension relieving showed better results in restoration of posterior stability compared to conventional technique.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To observe the Lactulose Oral Solution's influence in PPH postoperative complications and patients′ satisfactory rate for constipation and to find more intervention measures for reducing the complications. Methods A hundred and twenty cases of hemorrhoids with constipation were randomly divided into the two groups: the experimental group, the control group in 60 cases in each group. All patients’ postoperative bleeding, anal edema, stool impaction and satisfaction were observed and compared within 30 days. Results In the control group, the postoperative bleeding’ cases were of 23, anal edema’s were of 20 and stool impaction‘s were of 8. The incidence was 38.3%, 33.3% and 13.3% severally. The satisfactory patients were of 49 and the degree of satisfaction was of 81.7%. In the experimental group, the postoperative bleeding’ cases were of 12, anal edema’s were of 8 and stool impaction's was of 1. The incidence was 20%, 13.3% and 1.7% respectively. The cases who were satisfactory were of 58 and the degree of satisfaction was 96.7%. The postoperative bleeding , anal edema , stool impaction and satisfaction were different statistically in the two groups above (P < 0.05). Conclusion It can reduce PPH postoperative complications and increase patients′satisfaction by using Lactulose Oral Solution in patients with constipation and it will have a certain clinical value if these patients take this oral solution routinely.