The possible roles of CD23 molecule on B cells were analyzed through cross—linking CD23 molecules on tonsillar B lymphocytes with CD23 natural ligands IgE and anti—CD23 McAb.After cross—linking CD23 molecules on activated B cells,the change of B cell proliferation and second messengers were observed.The results showed:(1)Double—valence anti—CD23 McAb and multi—valence IgE immune complex(IgEIC)had a two—way effect on B cellsproliferation,on high concentrations,they inhibited the proliferation of a etivated B cells by sAo In con trast with a certain lower concentration,they promoted the proliferation of activted B cells.The two—way effect depended on IL—4 which functions to up—regulate CD23;(2)mono —valence IgE had no observeable effects on B cells proliferation;(3)IgEIC and antl—CD23 McAb at the same concentration as stimulating B cell proliferation increased the intracellularCAMP levls,but not cGMP levels.(4)Anti—CD23 McAb provoked the transent increase of in tracellular free(Ca~(2+)).

The paper defines the quality of emergency medical care and analyzes its influencing factors from such angles as policy assurance, hospital support, organizational structure, cultivation of professional personnel, scientific management, interdisciplinary coordination, emergency care equipment, and the system of technological access. The goal is to improve the quality of emergency medical care so as to meet the needs of the broad masses of people for emergency medical care.

The Lazarus phenomenon is defined as delayed ROSC,or ROSC after failure of CPR and cessation of all the emergency medical care,including the cessation of chest compression,mechanical ventilation,and venous fluid resuscitation.It was first reported in 1982 and 53 cases of Lazarus phenomenon have been reported in the medical literature so far.Even though Lazarus phenomenon is rare and the pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood,several possible mechanisms are still proposed,which could be rational to explain this phenomenon,such as auto-PEEP,hyperkalemia,alkalosis,delayed action of drugs,etc.In most cases,it was reported that ROSC occurred within 10 minutes after cessation of medical effort.Therefore,before the announcement of death of patient,it is mandatory to monitor those patients for at least 10 minutes after the cessation of CPR.However,more explicit studies seem to be necessary to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon.

Objective To study the utility of inferior vena cava-collapse index (IVC-CI) for assessing fluid resuscitation for hypovolemic shock in order to look for better echocardiographic markers to assess patients' condition with hypovolemic shock,also to look for optimal guidance for the adjustment of the treatment for these patients.Methods A total of 40 patients with hypovolemic shock admitted to Emergency Department were enrolled for study.All patients were treated with 500 mL normal saline iutravenously as fluid resuscitation.The vital signs and echocardiographic findings before and after the treatment were documented.Comparison of data between pre-treatment and post-treatment was carried out.Results Of 40 patients,there were 23 male and 17 female with average age (50.00 ± 17.71) years.The time consumed for echocardiography examination was (8.68 ± 5.73) min,time required for establishing central line was (29.32 ± 8.06) min.Collapse index of inferior vena cava (IVC-CI) before and after treatment were (0.43 ± 0.16) and (0.38 ± 0.13),respectively.In hypovolemic shock group,the relationship of the peak velocity (Vpeak) of left ventricular outflow between before and after treatment was r =0.75,P =0.001.The relationship of the peak velocity of left ventricular outflow with left ventricular end diastolic volume (LEDV) before treatment was P =0.03 and after treatment was P =0.05.Conclusions (1) Between IVC-CI and the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation,there was no relationship.It was inappropriate to take IVC-CI as a marker for assessment.(2) Vpeak increased apparently after the fluid resuscitation.(3) Vpeak was proved to be associated with LEDV which supported that Vpeak is the indicator of left ventricular contractility.(4) Time consumed for echocardiography examination was shorter than that for establishing the central line in the group.

Ontology alignment technology is a knowledge engineering method to realize the concept and relationship integration of different ontologies.In view of the same scope of ontology,such as disease ontology,developed by researchers from a number of different areas or institutions of independent research and development,there is a big difference between the term expression and the concept of the relationship.Thus,how to achieve the integration of multi-source ontology through alignment processing has been recognized as a significant methodological problem.In this paper,the concept,technology,method and corresponding tool of ontology alignment were expounded at full length.The technique of ontology alignment based on linguistic features and structural features was emphasized.Combined with the two international disease ontology:Disease Ontology and Orphanet,the experiment and analysis of the technique of ontology alignment were carried out and detailed the application of alignment technology.Furthermore,for the existing multi-source problems on TCM ontology database,the necessity and application of ontology alignment were discussed.

Objective To evaluate the effects of aminoguandine(AG) used as a selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and L NAME used as a non selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) on severe hemorrhagic shock Methods Forty rabbits were bled to mean arterial pressure of 4 4 66 kPa via femoral artery Hypotention was maintained for 120 min, the shed blood was then returned, followed by an infusion with Ringer′s solutions Animals were randomly divided into three groups: hemorrhagic shock group (n=14), AG group (AG 20mg/kg was infused intravenously ,n=14), L NAME group (L NAME 30mg/kg was infused intravenously with ,n=12) Plasma levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor(TNF?) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined before and after shock, immediately after resuscitation and 0 5h, 2h, 4h after resuscitation The 24h and 48h survival rates were recorded Lung, intestine, liver and kidney tissues were obtained 48 h after shock for microscopic examination Results The plasma endotoxin, TNF? and NO levels markedly increased and were kept at high levels after shock Lower plasma levels of endotoxin TNF? and NO, less tissue damages and high survival rates were observed in AG group as compared with those in L NAME group and shock group Conclusions The endotoxin,TNF? and NO play an important role in the development of irreversible shock AG is beneficial in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock, while L NAME does not improve the outcome of shock

Objeetive To investigate protective effect of trimetazidine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into MIRI group (n =10 rats),trimetazidine high-dosage group (n =10 rats; 20 mg/kg),trimetazidine low-dosage group (n=10 rats; 10 mg/kg),and the normal control group (n =10 rats).After MIRI,hemodynamic changes were observed,the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α was determined,and the cardiac muscle histology under the microscope was observed.Results Hemodynamic studies:Compared to the indices LVSP(198 ±35.5) mmHg,LVEDP (17 ±9.18) mmHg,+ dp/dt max (11050 ± 1517.4) mmHg/s,and-dp/dtmax (9175± 1900) mmHg/s] in the sham-operated group,the indices [LVSP (143 ± 24.5) mmHg,LVEDP (37.5 ±7.16)mmHg,+ dp/dtmax (7450 ± 1755.1) mmHg/s,and-dp/dtmax (6075 ± 1641) Hg/S] in the MIRI group,the indices [LVSP (154.5 ± 31.1) mmHg,LVEDP (31.3 ± 12.6) mmHg,± dp/dtmax (8527.7 ±2251.5) mmHg/s,and-dp/dtmax (6694 ± 2242.2) mmHg/s] in the trimetazidine low-dosage (10 mg/kg)group,the indices[LVSP (168.3 ± 17.6) mmHg,LVEDP (28 ± 10.05) mmHg,+ dp/dtmax (9213.6 ±1747) mmHg/s,and-dp/dtmax (7568 ± 1462.4) mmHg/s] in the trimetazidine high-dosage (20 mg/kg)group,left ventricular remodeling end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),and left ventricular pressure maxial rate of rise and fall (± dp/dtmax) were significantly decreased.Compared to the MIRI group,LVSP and ± dp/dtmax in the trimetazidine high-dosage (20 mg/kg)group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01),and myocardial damage of MIRI group was more severe in microscope.Compared to the sham-operated group [IL-6 (2556.5 ± 662.9) ng/ml,and TNF-α (134 ± 73.7)ng/ml],the corresponding indices [IL-6 (3664.0 ± 995.7) ng/ml,and TNF-α (443 ± 22.1) ng/ml] in the MIRI group,[IL-6 (3692.8 1545.2) ng/ml,and TNF-α (295 ± 24.2) ng/ml] in the trimetazidiue low-dosage (10 mg/kg) group,and[IL-6(2654.8 ±681.7) ng/ml,and TNF-α(230 ±7.8) ng/ml]in the trimetazidine high-dosage (20 mg/kg) group,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased.Compared to the MIRI group,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the trimetazidine high-dosage (20 mg/kg) group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The high-dosage (20 mg/kg) of trimetazidine had a protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of hypertonic saline (HS) treatment in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in animal models of cardiac arrest (CA).Methods PubMed and EMBASE data were retrieved from January 1st, 1966 to September 30th, 2014, and Wanfang data and CNKI were searched from January 1st, 1990 to September 30th, 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding CPR intervention of CA animal models with HS. HS was intravenously infused at the initiation of CPR in HS group, without limiting its dosage or concentration. The same volume of normal saline (NS) was given in NS group. Meta-analysis concerning the rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the serum sodium concentration before CA and during CPR, and related hemodynamic parameters, including mean arterial pressure (MAP) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) at the immediate beginning of CPR and 90 minutes after ROSC was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 8 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with NS group, the rate of ROSC [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.05-1.43,P = 0.010], serum sodium concentration during CPR [weight mean difference (WMD) =17.44, 95%CI = 12.57-22.31,P< 0.01], and the level of MAP at 90 minutes after ROSC (WMD = 4.81, 95%CI =1.58-8.03,P = 0.003) were significantly improved in HS group. There was no significant statistic difference in other hemodynamic parameters, including serum sodium concentration before CA (WMD = 0.78, 95%CI = -0.26-1.82,P =0.14), MAP (WMD = 5.43, 95%CI = -0.74-11.59,P = 0.08) and CPP at the immediate beginning of CPR (WMD =6.82, 95%CI = -5.54-19.19,P = 0.28), and CPP at 90 minutes after ROSC (WMD = -0.77, 95%CI = -10.33-8.80, P = 0.88) between two groups. It was showed by funnel chart that bias was not significant in the published articles. Conclusion This systematic review indicates that HS infusion is followed by an improved ROSC rate, serum sodium concentration during CPR, and MAP at 90 minutes after ROSC in animal models of CA.

Objective Respiratory variations in the pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude (△POP) have been popularly studied as a dynamic indicators for fluid responsiveness assessment.The authors hypothesized that △POP can indicate fluid responsiveness in septic shock patient in emergency department.Methods A prospective study of 28 patients with septic shock was carried out in Emergency Room and Emergency Intensive Care Unit from 1 October,2010 to 30 September,2011.Hemodynamic data including cardiac index,stroke volume Variation (SVV) and △POP were recorded before and after volume expansion treatment.Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in cardiac index of 15％ or greater.Results Changes in △POP after volume expansion were greater in responders than that in non-responders (P ＜ 0.01).There was a significant relation between △POP and SVV before volume expansion (r =0.900,P ＜ 0.0001).Conclusions △POPcan indicate fluid responsiveness non-invasively in septic shock patient in emergency department.This marker has potential clinical application with high sensitivity and reliability.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.006