Objective To explore the enhancement effect of N-trimethyl chitosan(TMC) on transdermal absorption of 8-methoxypsoralen-loaded liposomal(LMOP) gels in vitro.Methods TMC with quaternization degree of 60％ (TMC60) as the enhancer,the LMOP gels were prepared with free TMC60 or TMC60-coating.The enhancement of free TMC60 or TMC60-coating was studied by using Franz diffusion,cells with LMOP gels as the negative control and LMOP gels including 1％ Azone + propylene glycol as the positive control.Results Compared with the negative control,enhancement and drug amount in skin of LMOP gels with enhancer all showed significant difference (x2 =8.65,P ＜ 0.05),and the free TMC.60 was the best.Conclusion TMC can enhance the transdermal penetration of LMOP gels in vitro and is valuable to be studied further.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the educational measurement indexes from the undergraduates clinical skills competition in a medical university.The rationality of the competition was discussed in the view of education survey.Methods 84 students' results which selected from the China Medical University 2nd Clinical Skills Competition were the research objects in this study.The indexes of the difficulty,discrimination,reliability and criterion-reated validity of the competition were evaluated based on the Education surveying principle.The difficulty was calculated by subjective topic difficulty computing formula,and other indexes were carried out with SPSS 18.0 except the difficulty index.Results The average difficulty of the questions of this university was 0.61,the average discrimination was 0.77 and the overall reliability was 0.926.The OSCE scores of the participating students were taken as the criterion in this study.The calculated criterion-related validity was 0.416.Conclusion The college students' clinical skills competition has good reliability,discrimination and effective criterion-related validity.For the selective competition,the difficulty can be further improved while considering the scope of the topic.

Purpose:To study the efficiency and safety on vinorelbine combined with capecitabine in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Methods:Twenty-eight patients with measurable lesions of metestetic breast cancer received vinorelbine 6 mg/m 2 d 1-5 civ,cycles were repeated every 21 days. Patients received capecitabine for 2-4 cycles at the same time. All patients received more than one course of chemotherapy regimens and 19 patients had adriamycin and (or) paclitaxel treatment. Results:Thirteen patients received two cycles treatment and fifteen patients received four cycles of treatment. Complete response in one patient,partial response in six patients,minor response in seven patients,stable response in seven patients and progressive disease in seven patients were observed. Overall responsed rate was 50%.The common side effects were neutronpenia,hand-foot syndrome,skin pigmentation,fatigue. Conclusions:The combination of vinorelbine and capecitabine in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer was effective and the toxicities were tolerable. It is possible that this regimen is an ideal second line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.

Objective This study aims to examine the development of the posterior lateral line of the zebrafish and establish ant model to study the process of hair cell differentiation and regeneration .Methods We observed the posterior lateral line system formation by DAPI immunohistochemistry and whole mount in situ hybridization .We further evaluated hair cells differentiation within neuromast by using Transgenic Tg (Brn3c:mGFP) zebrafish and stained the functional hair cells by the mechanotransduction marker FM 1 -43FX .We labelled proliferating cells in primordium and neuromast by addition of BrdU to the system water .Results The posterior lateral line primordium originated from a sensory placode and started its journey at around 20 hours post fertilization to migrate along the horizontal myoseptum to the tail -tip with a constant speed (1 .7somite/hour) .The primordium depositd five or six neuromasts spaced along the body ,and two or three terminal neuromasts at the tail -tip at 48 hours post fertiliza-tion .At 3 ,5 and 7 days post fertilization ,zebrafish contained 5 .68 ± 1 .46 ,10 .1 ± 0 .99 ,and 12 .45 ± 1 .32 hair cells per neuromast ,respectively .Furthermore ,the average number of FM1-43FX stained hair cells within each neuro-mast were 3 .68 ± 1 .11 ,8 .18 ± 1 .86 ,and 10 .22 ± 1 .24 ,respectively .Conclusion We establish the development model of hair cells in zebrafish lateral line neuromast and suggest that 3 to 7 days post fertilization is an important period for lateral line neuromast differentiation .This study would be useful for underlying the mechanisms of hair cell differentiation and regeneration .

Objective:To explore the correlation between the characteristics of contrast-enhanced sonography of intraoperative glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and molecular markers of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1(IDH1).Methods:A retrospective analysis were performed in 30 patients who underwent neurosurgery and pathologically confirmed to be GBM at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2018 to April 2019. All neurosurgical glioblastoma patients after craniotomy underwent conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) guided navigation. The characteristics of the ultrasound imaging (whether the tumor involves the structure of the corpus callosum, the clarity of the tumor boundary after enhanced ultrasound and whether the tumor has necrotic areas with enhanced ultrasound images) were analyzed. The ratio between tumor necrosis area and whole tumor area (N/W) was measured, and the correlation with IDH1 gene expression was analyzed.Results:There were statistical differences in clarity of tumor boundary after CEUS and tumor necrosis after CEUS between positive IDH1 and negative IDH1 groups(all P<0.05). The positive expression of IDH1 was negatively correlated with the N/W area of the contrast-enhanced ultrasound mode( r=-0.756, P<0.05), suggesting that the expression level of IDH1 gene was negatively correlated with the area of tumor necrosis. Conclusions:Ultrasound contrast agent examination can more accurately distinguish the active proliferation area, hemorrhagic necrosis area and peripheral edema area of glioblastoma. Accurately identifying the extent of tumor necrosis area through ultrasound contrast agent examination can predict expression of IDH1.

(3S)-Linalool synthase (LIS) is a key enzyme involved in the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway. Based on our previous transcriptome study, the expression level of LIS gene was exceedingly related to glycyrrhizic acid (GA) biosynthesis. Therefore, we used hairy root culturing to further investigate the effect of LIS on the GA biosynthesis. A LIS gene (GenBank accession number: MZ169552) was cloned from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The plant binary overexpression vector pCA-LIS was constructed by gene fusion. G. uralensis hairy roots overexpressing LIS were induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. The expression levels of LIS were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the contents of GA in hairy root lines were determined by UPLC. It was found that in the hairy root lines overexpressing LIS, the expression levels of LIS were significantly higher than that in the wild type, while the contents of GA were remarkably lower than those in the wild type and negative control. These findings indicate that the expression level of LIS is negatively correlated with the accumulation of GA. In this study, LIS was cloned from G. uralensis for the first time and the negative regulatory effect of LIS on GA biosynthesis was confirmed by reverse genetics. This work provides support for further improvement of the molecular regulatory network of GA biosynthesis in G. uralensis.

ObjectiveTo explore the value of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in distinguishing gliomas,peritumorous cerebral edema and peripheral normal cerebral tissues,and grading cerebral gliomas.MethodsIntraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasonic imaging in 80 patients diagnosed cerebral gliomas were studied retrospectively.The blood perfusion patterns of gliomas,peritumorous cerebral edema and peripheral normal cerebral tissues were observed closely after contrast and parameters were recorded.ResultsAfter contrast-enhanced ultrasound,peripheral normal cerebral tissues showed homogeneous enhancement,the tumor tissues and peritumorous cerebral edema of high-grade gliomas (HGG) showed high enhancement,but peritumorous cerebral edema of low-grade gliomas (LGG) showed nearly homogeneous enhancement.Absolute peak intensity(API) of the tumor tissues were higher than those of peripheral normal cerebral tissues and peritumorous cerebral edema ( P ＜0.05).Time to peak (TTP) of the tumor tissues in HGG were shorter than those of peripheral normal cerebral tissues and peritumorous cerebral edema ( P ＜ 0.05).TTP of the tumor tissues in LGG compared with those of peripheral normal cerebral tissues and peritumorous cerebral edema,two groups had no statistical significance ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsIntraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can reflect the boundary of the brain edema,which is useful to guide surgical resection effectively and helpful to grade cerebral gliomas.

Objective To detect the esophageal and fundal varices and their related collateral ves-sels by multi-detector row CT ( MDCT) in helping to find out the objective evidences for selecting treatment measure and predicting prognosis. Methods Fifty-one patients with clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis were in-cluded in this study. Esophageal varices were confirmed by endoscopy in all patients, of which 31 accompa-nied with fundal varices. All patients underwent MDCT angiography to demonstrate collaterals between the systemic and portal circulation as well as the esophageal varicose. Results Good or excellent image quality was obtained in all patients. Gastric fundal varices were found in 31 of 51 patients (60. 8% )by endoscopies. By MDCT angiography esophageal varies were confirmed in all patients, gastric fundal varices were in 32 of 51 (62. 7% ). There are high degree of concordance Kappa =0. 876 between them. Esophageal varices were supplied mainly by the left gastric vein ( LGV) , by anterior branch of LGV alone in 30 of 51 (58. 8% ). There were paraesophageal veins in 21 of 51 patients (41.2%). Gastric fundal varices were supplied by LGV in 24 of 32 patients (75% ), by short gastric veins /posterior gastric veins in 3 of 32 patients (9. 4% ) and by short gastric veins /posterior gastric veins and LGV together in 5 of 32 patients ( 15. 6% ). Short gas-tric veins and posterior gastric veins participate in forming of esophageal varices in these patients. Conclusion MDCT angiography shows an excellent vascular maps and highly in concordance with endoscopy in terms of the detection of esophageal and gastric fundal varices. Esophagal varices were supplied mainly by LGV, more than half of them were by its anterior branch, and paraesophageal veins participated to it in some patients too. The blood flow in gastric fundal varices were supplied from LGV in most of the patients, and the rest from short gastric veins.

The genus Xestospongia is one of the most widespread genera of sponges, containing abundant secondary metatolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities. The main structure types of secondary metatolites found in this genus are alkaloids, quinines, terpens, steroids, lipids, polyketones, etc. These metatolites exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. This paper reviews the progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of the second metabolities from sponges of Xestospongia, especially for recent five years, with the aim for further research.
Animals ; Secondary Metabolism ; Xestospongia ; chemistry

Objective To investigated the effects of combined arsenic trioxide(ATO) and resveratrol(Res)on the viability of NB4 human leukemia cells. Methods NB4 human leukemia cell was used in this experiment.Cells were cultured in ATO (0,0.1875,0.3750,0.7500, 1.1250, 1.5000,2.2500,3.0000,5.0000 μmol/L) and Res (0, 1.5625,3.1250,6.2500, 12.5000, 18.7500,25.0000,37.5000,50.0000 μmol/L). Cell viabilities were measured by MTT in different treatment groups. Half inhibitory concentration(IC50) was calculated. The ratio of concentration of ATO and Res 1.5∶ 18,1.5∶ 25,1.5∶ 35 was added to cells, and the combination index(CI) was calculated. The level of ROS in control, ATO( 1.5000 μmol/L), Res(25.0000 μmol/L) and ATO(0.9000 μmol/L) + Res( 12.5000μmol/L) groups was measured by chemiluminescence assay. Results ①ATO( ≥0.7500 μmol/L) reduced the viability of NB4 cells in a concentration-dependent manner(P ＜ 0.05 ), and IC50 was (1.78 ± 0.11 )μmol/L. ②)Res (≥18.7500 μ mol/L) dose-dependently decreased the viability of NB4 cells (P ＜ 0.05 ), and IC50 was ( 18.71 ±0.18)μ mol/L. ③Combination of ATO and Res showed an antagonistic effect on NB4 cells viability. ④The ROS in Res group( 1670.55 ± 13.97) was significantly lower than that in control group(2345.88 ± 14.48,P ＜ 0.05). The ROS in ATO group (3092.42 ± 94.84) was significantly higher than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05). The ROS in ATO + Res group (1860.27 ± 15.99) was significantly lower than that in ATO group(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions NB4 cell survival rate can be decreased by ATO and Res. The combination of arsenic trioxide and Res presents an antagonistic effect on NB4 cell viability, in part by reducing intracellular ROS formation.