PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to develop morning bread using powdered citrus peels and to examine the effect of its several biological activities for 12 weeks in overweight adults (BMI ≧ 23) living in dormitories of Chonbuk National University. METHODS: Control bread was prepared using the same formula except for replacing the wheat flour with 3% citrus peel powder. Subjects were classified according to two groups: Intake group of 3% citrus peel powder fortified morning bread (n = 30) and general morning bread (n = 30). RESULTS: The results of our study showed no significant effects of citrus peel powdered morning bread on anthropometric indices and biochemical characteristics among overweight adults. Despite the slight reduction in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, GOT, and GPT (p < 0.05), no significant differences in changes of these values were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The short duration of our intervention might have resulted in the lack of any significant effect. Therefore, conduct of further studies with longer duration is warranted in order that the results from this study can be utilized as a basis for the development of food products with citrus peel powder.
Adult ; Bread* ; Breakfast ; Citrus* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Flour ; Humans* ; Jeollabuk-do ; Overweight ; Powders* ; Triticum

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess hygiene status of meals for poorly-fed children through microbiolo-gical quality. METHODS: Meals were provided by two social enterprises, one franchise, and one convenience store. There were a total of six meal samples; two samples (social enterprise meal 1; SEM 1, social enterprise meal 2; SEM 2) from two social enterprises, respectively, two samples (franchise meal 1; FM 1, franchise meal 2; FM 2) from one franchise, and two samples (convenience store meal 1; CSM 1, convenience store meal 2; CSM 2) from one convenience store. Microbiologi-cal analysis and assessment were performed by Korean food standards codex (KFSC). RESULTS: General bacteria and E. coli in SEM 1 were detected, but the levels were not over KFSC, and Coliform less than 9.2 x 10 CFU/g was also de-tected in seasoned bean sprouts of SEM 1. General bacteria was detected at 1.6 x 10(6) CFU/g in cabbage kimchi of SEM 2. Coliform was detected in cabbage kimchi, squid cutlet, stir-fried pork, and fried chicken of FM1 and 2, but the levels were not over KFSC. In addition, S. aureus was detected in cabbage kimchi and seasoned dried white radish of FM 1 and 2 (9.8 x 10(2) CFU/g, 9.4 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively), thus was over KFSC. B. cereus was detected in stir-fried pork and fried chicken (1.2 x 10(3) CFU/g, 1.5 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively) of FM 1 and 2, thus was over KFSC. Finally, S. aureus was detected in stir-fried dried squid, seasoned spicy chicken, and stir-fried kimchi of CSM 1 and 2, and was over KFSC too (9.5 x 10(4) CFU/g, 2.4 x 10(2) CFU/g, 1.3 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively). CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that systemic management of hygiene is necessary to safely providing meals to poorly-fed children.
Bacteria ; Brassica ; Chickens ; Child* ; Decapodiformes ; Humans ; Hygiene* ; Meals* ; Raphanus ; Seasons

PURPOSE: Arachidonic acid is known to have effects on cell growth as a controller of cell proliferation and a stimulator of platelet derived growth factor. We investigated the correlations among birth weight, placental weight and free arachidonic acid level in cord blood. METHODS: Twenty full-term well babies were included in this study. Those who had sepsis, IUGR, twin that may affect the level of arachidonic acid, birth weight, and/or placental weight were excluded. Free arachidonic acid level were measured by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. (GC-MS) Correlation Pearson Coefficients were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients between birth weight and placental weight, birth weight and arachidonic acid level, and placental weight and arachidonic acid level were 0.727 (P<0.001), 0.440 (P>0.05), 0.407 (P>0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant positive correlation between birth weight and placental weight. But since cord blood free arachidonic acid levels were not correlated with placental weight and birth weight, we conclude that cord blood free arachidonic acid level has no effects on fetal growth and placental growth.
Arachidonic Acid* ; Birth Weight* ; Cell Proliferation ; Fetal Blood* ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Parturition* ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Sepsis ; Spectrum Analysis

PURPOSE: Arachidonic acid is known to have effects on cell growth as a controller of cell proliferation and a stimulator of platelet derived growth factor. We investigated the correlations among birth weight, placental weight and free arachidonic acid level in cord blood. METHODS: Twenty full-term well babies were included in this study. Those who had sepsis, IUGR, twin that may affect the level of arachidonic acid, birth weight, and/or placental weight were excluded. Free arachidonic acid level were measured by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. (GC-MS) Correlation Pearson Coefficients were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients between birth weight and placental weight, birth weight and arachidonic acid level, and placental weight and arachidonic acid level were 0.727 (P<0.001), 0.440 (P>0.05), 0.407 (P>0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant positive correlation between birth weight and placental weight. But since cord blood free arachidonic acid levels were not correlated with placental weight and birth weight, we conclude that cord blood free arachidonic acid level has no effects on fetal growth and placental growth.
Arachidonic Acid* ; Birth Weight* ; Cell Proliferation ; Fetal Blood* ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Parturition* ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Sepsis ; Spectrum Analysis

Pancreatic fistulas are usually caused by the disruption of pancreatic duct. The majority of pancreatic fistulas are external fistulas and common causes of external and internal pancreatic fistulas are trauma and surgery. Internal pancreatic fistulas due to pancreatitis are rare. Internal pancreatic fistulas may communicate with peritoneal cavity, colon, small bowel, biliary system or pleural cavity. Among them, fistula between pancreatic duct and portal vein due to acute pancreatitis is rare. We report a case of 32-year-old male with fistula between pancreatic duct and portal vein as a complication of acute pancreatitis. Pancreaticoportal fistula was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. He recovered after distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and supportive care.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; English Abstract ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreatic Fistula/diagnosis/*etiology ; Pancreatitis/*complications ; *Portal Vein ; Vascular Fistula/diagnosis/*etiology

BACKGROUND: Pork is one of the most widely consumed meats in Korea. With increased consumption of pork, it has become one of the most common causes of food allergy in Korea. However, actual data on the prevalence of pork allergy in Korea are limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pork allergy in Korea. METHODS: The outpatient attendees of the dermatology department of Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital were randomly screened and assessed for a self-reported history of pork allergy through face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Blood samples were taken from the patients to measure serum pork-specific IgE. Based on their history and laboratory results, patients were further examined by skin prick test (SPT) and open oral food challenge (OFC) tests. RESULTS: Five-hundred participants answered the screening questionnaire. Among all participants, nine (1.8%) participants claimed to have experienced adverse reactions to pork previously. Among 100 participants who underwent blood sampling, five (5%) participants had elevated level of serum IgE specific to pork. However, among nine participants with self-reported pork allergy, two participants (0.22%) showed a positive reaction on the open OFC test. CONCLUSION: Some participants claimed to have a history of adverse reaction related to pork intake; however, few of them showed positive results in allergy tests. We therefore conclude that the prevalence of pork allergy is extremely low in Korea.
Dermatology ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Meat ; Outpatients ; Prevalence* ; Red Meat* ; Skin

The occurrence of incidentally detected pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) is continuously increasing. Radiologic examinations including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography have been widely used as the main diagnostic and surveillance methods for patients with incidental PCLs. Although most incidentally detected PCLs are considered benign, they have the potential to become malignant. Currently, we have several guidelines for the management of incidental PCLs. However, there is still debate over proper management, in terms of accurate diagnosis, optimal follow-up interval, and imaging tools. Because imaging studies play a crucial role in the management of incidental PCLs, the 2017 consensus recommendations of the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology for the diagnosis and surveillance of incidental PCLs approved 11 out of 16 recommendations. Although several challenges remain in terms of optimization and standardization, these consensus recommendations might serve as useful tools to provide a more standardized approach and to optimize care of patients with incidental PCLs.
Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Cyst

Purpose: This study aimed to validate the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC) as an effective tool for screening palliative care needs among Korean cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The English version of the SPARC was translated by four Korean oncologists and reconciled by a Korean language specialist and a medical oncologist fluent in English. After the first version of the Korean SPARC (K-SPARC) was developed, back-translation into English was performed by a professional translator and bilingual oncologist. The back-translated version was reviewed by the original author (S.H.A.), and modifications were made (ver. 2). The second version of the K-SPARC was tested against other questionnaires, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). Results: Thirty patients were enrolled in the pilot trial. Fifteen were male, and the median age was 64.5 years. Six patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or more. All patients except one were receiving chemotherapy. Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach’s α scores for physical symptoms, psychological issues, religious and spiritual issues, independency and activity, family and social issues, and treatment issues were 0.812, 0.804, 0.589, 0.843, 0.754, and 0.822, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the SPARC and FACT-G were 0.479 (p=0.007) for the physical domain and –0.130 (p=0.493) for the social domain. Conclusion This pilot study indicates that the K-SPARC could be a reliable tool to screen for palliative care needs among Korean cancer patients. A further study to validate our findings is ongoing.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and 9) has an important role in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we evaluated the relationship of gelatinase to chronic liver disease. METHODS: Four groups of subjects were examined; healthy control (10 cases), chronic hepatitis (18 cases), LC (15 cases), and HCC (28 cases). The plasma of each subject was obtained, and the equal quantification of plasma protein was done. The plasma activities of MMP-2 and 9 were measured by zymography. RESULTS: The activities of plasma MMP-2 in patients with LC were significantly higher than those in controls (p=0.009) and in patients with chronic hepatitis (p=0.011), but not different from those in patients with HCC. The activities of plasma MMP-9 in patients with LC were significantly higher than those in controls, but not different from those in patients with chronic hepatitis or HCC. In patients with LC (regardless of having HCC), the activities of MMP-2 correlated with total bilirubin (r=0.323, p=0.048) and Child-Pugh score (r=0.414, p=0.012). The activities of MMP-2 and 9 were higher in patients with LC (regardless of having HCC) caused by alcohol than caused by HBV (p=0.009 and 0.002 for each one). CONCLUSIONS: The plasma activity of MMP-2 may be a useful marker for the diagnosis and determination of the severity of LC. The plasma activity of MMP-9 was not useful for HCC, but may be a marker for alcoholic LC. Further study is needed to determine why the plasma activity of gelatinase was higher in patients with LC caused by alcohol than by HBV.
Adult ; Aged ; Biological Markers/blood ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*diagnosis ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/*diagnosis/etiology ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/*blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/*blood ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The genetic polymorphism of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) at codons 10 and 25 which influences the production of TGF-beta1 is related to fibrogenesis in the lung and liver. We evaluated the genetic polymorphism at codons 10 and 25 in controls and in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from controls (n=35), patients with LC (n=64), and HCC (n=49). Genomic DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for a segment including codons 10 and 25. The results of direct sequencing for PCR products were compared between the controls and the patients. RESULTS: There was no genetic polymorphism at codon 25 and three types of genetic polymorphism at codon 10. The leucine homozygous genotype (CTG/CTG) at codon 10 was more common in patients with LC than the controls (p=0.01) and especially in patients with LC caused by HBV (p=0.004). The polymorphism at codons 10 in patients with HCC was similar to the controls. However, leucine homozygous genotype was more common in patients with HCC of uninodular morphology than those of massive morphology (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The genetic polymorphism of TGF-beta1 at codon 10 might be associated with LC and morphology of HCC. The potential usefulness of TGF-beta1 genotyping needs further studies in large scale.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*genetics ; Codon/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis/*genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1