Chicken calvarial bone is known to contain various cell types, but their exact composition is unknown. By characterizing the chicken calvarial bone biochemically, it can be used to study biochemical, histochemical actions of bone cells in general. Calvaria of I8-day-old white leg horn embryo was aseptically dissected and bone cell populations were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion. Histochemical study for osteoclast-like bone cell population was performed with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain and for osteoblast-like bone cell population, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stain was performed. Biochemical study for osteoblast-like bone cell population was performed using alkaline phosphatasetal.P) assay. Following conclusions were obtained from this study. 1. TRAP positive multi and mononuclear cells were mostly observed in group I and II, indicating that osteoclast-like bone cell population is mostly found in these groups. 2. All the cultured groups showed almost equal ALP activities and were positive for ALP stain, indicating that osteoblast-like bone cell population is evenly dispersed in all culture groups. 3. Experimental group treated with I,25(OH)2D3 showed increase in ALP activity in contrast to the control group, confirming previous studies that I,25(OH)2D3 increases ALP activities in vitro bone cultures. 4. Results from von Kassa's stain indicated that in vitro bone formation had occured after 3 weeks of culture with beta glycero phosphate.
Animals ; Chickens ; Digestion ; Embryonic Structures ; Horns ; Leg ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Skull

Purpose: To understand mediating effects of self-esteem on the relation between acculturative stress and achievement motivation of adolescents from multicultural families. Methods: As a secondary analysis research using data of the 16th (2016) Youth Health Behavior Survey, this study selected a total of 1,239 middle school students from multicultural families. Using SPSS/WIN 24.0 Program, collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression, and SPSS Process Macro. Results: Achievement motivation had a significantly negative correlation with acculturative stress (r=-19, p<.001) while it had a positive correlation with self-esteem (r=.56, p<.001). Acculturative stress had a negative correlation with self-esteem (r=-23, p<.001). Self-esteem partially mediated the relation between acculturative stress and achievement motivation (95% CI, -0.05~-0.03). Conclusion Results of this study indirectly showed that the negative influence of acculturative stress on achievement motivation could be reduced through enhancement of self-esteem. Thus, to improve achievement motivation of adolescents from multicultural families, it would be necessary to develop and provide programs for enhancing self-esteem.

No abstract available.
Histiocytosis*

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with the use of neuroleptic agents. We describe the case of a 47-year-old schizophrenic woman who was treated with clozapine for years. The patient developed acute renal failure with pulmonary edema, and underwent mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rhabdomyolysis

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Diet ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy

The authors report seven cases of carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms who were surgically treated using the combined extradural-intradural or intradural approach from March, 1991, to December, 1993. Carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms are of considerably surgical interest because some of these were considered to have technical difficulties of clipping and disastrous surgical results. Removal of the anterior clinoid process and unroofing of the optic canal are the key points to exposure the operative field adequately. On the basis of these experiences, authors concluded that this approach is very useful, because of adequate surgical field and better mobilization of the internal carotid artery and optic nerve for direct clipping of carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysm and basilar tip aneurysm.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Optic Nerve

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Vitiligo*

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Peripheral Nerves*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness and limitation of FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) MR sequence in various intracranial pathologic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In prospective fashion, we used a 1.0T MR unit to obtain FLAIR sequence MR images, together with T1-weighted (TIWI), proton-density weighted (PDWI), and T2-weighted spin echo images (T2WI) in 24 patients with various intracranial diseases. Forty-two lesions in 24 patients were classified into three categories: nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions (n=20), hemorrhagic lesions (n=10), and cavitary lesions (n=12). Hemorrhagic lesion was divided into two types; type 1 showed high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI and type 2 showed marked low signal intensity on T2WI such as hemosiderin. Cavitary lesion was defined as one with signal intensity which paralleled CSF on all pulse sequences. Visually, we compared the lesion conspicuity on FLAIR with that on T2WI. Quantitatively, we also compared lesion/white matter (WM) contrast, lesion/WM contrast to noise ratio (CNR), lesion/CSF contrast, and lesion/CSF CNR on FLAIR with those on T2WI. RESULTS: For visual conspicuity of nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions and type 1 hemorrhagic lesions, FLAIR was superior to PDWI and T2WI, but for type 2 hemorrhangic lesions, PDWI and T2WI were superior to FLAIR. For cavitary lesions, there was no significant difference between T2WI and FLAIR. In the quantitative assessment of nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions, FLAIR was superior to PDWI for lesion/CSF contrast, and CNR, and lesion/WM contrast, but for lesion/WM CNR FLAIR was inferior to PDWI. For lesion/CSF contrast in cavitary lesions, FLAIR was superior to PDWI. There was no significant difference between PDWI and FLAIR for hemorrhagic lesions types 1 and 2. In assessing nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions, FLAIR was superior to T2WI for lesion/CSF contrast, but for lesion/WM CNR, FLAIR was inferior to T2WI. In cavitary lesions, T2WI was superior to FLAIR for lesion/WM contrast and CNR. In type 2 hemorrhagic lesions, there was no significant difference between T2WI. CONCLUSION: The FLAIR sequence is more useful than T2WI for the detection of nonhemorrhagic noncavitary lesions, but in the evaluation of cavitary and hemorrhagic lesions, it has limitations. The results suggest that the FLAIR sequence can be used as a complementary imaging sequence, but should not replace the routine T2WI.
Diagnosis* ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Noise ; Prospective Studies