BACKGROUND: The large surfaces of the skin are often initial site of contact between microorganism and human. The skin are coated with epidermis and epithelial cells can recognize microorganism and mount a fast defense through the production of various inducible antibiotic peptides. This leads to chracteristic broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Recent studies introduce us new peptides with antimicrobial activity such as P,-defensins and cathelicidins. They are expressed on the epithelia and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which are first lines of defence from various invasive environments. Futhermore, they are considered very interesting and important endogenous antibiotics. Our previous study has shown that the expression of human defensin(hBD-2) mRNA, which is potent antibiotic peptide against Gram-negative bacteria(P. aeruginosa), was upregulated with ultraviolet(UV) irradiation, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in HaCaT cells. A novel hBD-3, 5-kDa, nonhemolytic antimicrobial peptide, was demonstrated a salt-insensitive broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity against many potentially pathogenic microbes in especially, multiresistant S. aureus. We have analyzed the expression patterns of hBD-3 in HaCaT cell lines. OBJECTIVE: This research have done in order to evaluate the expression and regulation of hBD-3 mRNA in human keratinocyte cell lines. METHODS: HaCaT cell lines were used to all culture experiments. Cultured human keratinocytes were stimulated with UV irradiation or TNF-α or LPS to determine whether hBD-3 mRNA production occurred. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was per-formed to amplify hBD-3 cDNA from stimulated keratinocytes in a time dependant manner, and densitometry was used to verify the specificity of RT-PCR amplication products. RESULTS: Expression of hBD-3 was upregulated with UV irradiation, TNF-α and LPS in Ha-CaT cells compared to control CONCLUSIONS: Human keratinocytes are capable to induce hBD-3 mRNA, as well as hBD-2, in response to UV irradiation, TNF-α and LPS. suggesting that these cells could play an important role against the bacterial infection and UV light damage in human skin.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Cathelicidins ; Cell Line* ; Densitometry ; DNA, Complementary ; Epidermis ; Epithelial Cells ; Fungi ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Peptides ; RNA, Messenger ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin ; Ultraviolet Rays

We have reviewed ovarian mature cystic teratomas with features of chronic thyroiditis that were diagnosed at the department of pathology, Seoul National University Hospital during 7 years, 1984-1991. Twenty three case(8%) containing thyroid tissue among 285 ovarian mature teratomas were available for histopathologic examination. Among these, 4 cases(1.4%) showed lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicle formation. These four cases were examined according to the strict histologic criteria of autoimmune thyroiditis and reactive non-autoimmune thyroiditis for the purpose of differentiation of pathogenesis. Two cases were similar to autoimmune in nature and the other two cases simply seemed to reflect reactive features to adjacent stimulating elements. In conclusion, thyroid tissue present in ovarian cystic teratoma may have histologic features of chronic thyroiditis of either autoimmune or non-autoimmune origin.

CHAP syndorme consists of choreoathetosis, orofacial dyskinesia, affective change, hypotonia, and pseudobulbar signs. CHAP syndrome was firstly des- cribed with onset 1 to 7 days after induced profound hypothermia and complete circulatory arrest for con- genital heart lesion repair. Since then, only a few cases have been reported until now. Case We report a patient who demonstrated all of the elements of the CHAP syndrome in severe cachexic state. Brain SPECT(99mTC-ECD) shows decreased perfusion in left fronto-parieto-temporal lobe. Comments The pathogenesis of CHAP syndrome is obscure. However our case led us to suggest that more essential component pre- disposing to the CHAP syndrome is hypoxia rather than hypothermia. Furthermore, it seems to be related with circulatory insufficiency in extrapyramidal nervous systems.
Anoxia ; Brain ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Movement Disorders ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Nervous System ; Perfusion

No abstract available.
Dupuytren Contracture*

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic yeast infection caused by Cryptococcosis neoformans. The cutaneous manifestations are usually polymorphic and nonspecific. Lesions may appear as subcutaneous swelling, abscesses, tumor-like masses, papules or large ulcers. Therefore, diagnosis of cutaneous cryptococcosis is quite difficult and often delayed. Clinical suspicion is very important in diagnosis. A 47-year-old man presented with a ulcerative nodule on the right side of the neck. Because initial skin biopsy revealed granulomatous lesion, we misdiagnosed his lesion as skin tuberculosis and treated him with anti tuberculosis medication for 6 months. But his symptom was not improved. After second biopsy specimen had showed some spores with narrow neck budding, we confirmed this case as a cryptococcosis and successfully treated with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for 12 weeks.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Cryptococcosis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Skin* ; Spores ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous* ; Ulcer ; Yeasts

Verrucous carcinoma is a variant of well-differentiated squarmous cell carcinoma. Although this tumor is well-documented in the oral cavity, its occurrence on the glans penis is rare. It is a relatively nonaggressive tumor which seldom metastasizes to the resional lymph node or distantly. With proper treatment, the prognosis is excellent. We have experienced a case of verrucous carcinoma arising on the glans penis with the previous insertion of paraffin and penile prosthesis for the augumentation of penis, which was treated with total phallectomy. We report this case with a review of literature.
Carcinoma, Verrucous* ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mouth ; Paraffin ; Penile Prosthesis* ; Penis* ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: To measure the enophthalmos corrective effect after inferior orbital wall reconstruction, we compared preoperative and intraoperative exophthalmometric values with postoperative exophthalmometric values. METHODS: From January 2014 to April 2016, 60 eyes of 60 patients who underwent surgery for inferior orbital wall fracture were included. In Group 1, the exophthalmometric value was measured before surgery, during the operation, and 6 months after surgery using the Naugle exophthalmometer. In Group 2, the value was measured before surgery and 6 months after surgery using the Hertel exophthalmometer. The thickness of implants was determined by preoperative exophthalmometric values and overcorrection of 0.5 mm was performed in Group 1 patients with relatively large fractures. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 32.4 years in Group 1 and 34.3 years in Group 2. The mean duration between injury and surgery was 4.2 weeks in Group 1 and 2.3 weeks in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative exophthalmometric values in Group 1 (−1.78 ± 0.31 mm) and Group 2 (−1.81 ± 0.26 mm), but postoperative exophthalmometric values between Group 1 (−0.25 ± 0.78 mm) and Group 2 (−0.53 ± 0.46 mm) were statistically different (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: The exophthalmometric values and wall fracture size are important factors for determining implant thickness of inferior orbital wall reconstruction. Intraoperative measurement of exophthalmometric values should be considered in inferior orbital wall reconstruction for enophthalmos correction.
Enophthalmos* ; Humans ; Orbit*

Striae distensae are characterized by linear, smooth bands of atrophic-appearing skin. In histologic findings, the epidermis is thin and flattened. There is a decrease in the thickness of the dermis. Separation of collagen fibers and small, fragmented elastic fibers are seen in the dermis. Striae distensae develop as a result of disruption of the connective tissue framework. Main mechanism of edematous striae distensae is disintegration of collagen, followed by the pressure induced by generalized edema as the secondary mechanism. The patient is a 17-year-old boy who had generalized pitting edema and abdominal distension due to nephrotic syndrome. On the abdomen, he has presented with edematous striae and ulceration with exudate for 1 week. Edematous striae distensae are uncommon but can develop from the combined effects of glucocorticoid and generalized edema. We report a case of edematous striae distensae in nephrotic syndrome.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Edema* ; Elastic Tissue ; Epidermis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Skin ; Striae Distensae* ; Ulcer

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare systemic disorder manifested by recurring episodes of inflammation in cartilagenous tissues including the eye, the audiovascular and cardiovascular systems. We describe a 53-year-old oriental woman with a one month history of painful swelling of both ears accompanied by intermittent hoarseness, dyspnea, impaired visual acuity, and swelling of hands. Both ear lobes were typically uninvolved. Auricle including cartilaginous tissues were histologically examined, which revealed loss of basophilic staining, degenerative changes, inflammatory cells infiltrations with eosinophils and neutrophils, and perichondrial inflammation of the cartilage. Oral prednisolone and colchicine were prescribed and the successful resolution of both ears swelling were observed. As the disease progressed optic neuritis and chewing difficulty by non-erosive motion limit of temporo-mandibular joints developed.
Basophils ; Cardiovascular System ; Cartilage ; Colchicine ; Dyspnea ; Ear ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Hand ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Mastication ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; Optic Neuritis* ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Prednisolone ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of peeling of internal limiting membrane (ILM) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema with severe hard exudates. METHOD: We analyzed the records of the patients who had macular edema with severe hard exudates, underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted ILM peeling, and then were followed more than 4 months postoperatively. RESULTS: In 6 patients, 10 eyes, mean age was 60.2 years and follow-up period was 7.3 months. In all eyes, a attached posterior hyaloid was shown, and hard exudates and macular edema began to decrease within 1 week after operation. Visual acuity was less than 0.1 in 6 eyes before operation, in 3 eyes by the best visual acuity during follow-up period and in 4 eyes on the final examination, and 0.15 or better in 2 eyes, 6 eyes and 5 eyes, respectively. According to the best visual acuity, there was improvement in 8 eyes and no change in 2 eyes, and according to the final visual acuity, improvement in 6 eyes, no change in 3 eyes and deterioration in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: ICG-assisted ILM peeling would be helpful for the treatment of diabetic macular edema with severe hard exudates.
Exudates and Transudates* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Macular Edema* ; Membranes* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy