Renal scarring can cause hypertension, proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and even end stage renal disease. To understand the risk factors of renal scarring in children is helpful for its early detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. High grade vesicoureteric reflux, recurrent urinary tract infection, and delayed treatment are risk factors for kidney scarring. However, there are still some controversies about the relationship between renal scarring and the some factors such as gender, age, and congenital factors. Recent studies have found that noninvasive urine indicators such as urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipid delivery protein, urinary endothelin-1, and risk prediction models can predict the formation of renal scar. However, prophylactic use of antibiotics can reduce occurance of urinary tract infections, but do not reduce the risk of renal scarring. This article reviews the possible risk factors and predictors of renal scarring in children, providing a basis for early detection, timely intervention, and effective prevention of it in clinic, so as to reduce the formation and progression of renal scarring.

[Objective]To study the regulation effects of Oridonin on pulmonary artery pressure in pulmonary hypertension rats with hypoxia-hypercapnia and its mechanism.[Methods]SD rats were divided in to three groups randomly: the normal control group(NC),the hypoxia-hpercapnia group(HH),and the hypoxia-hpercapnia plus Oridonin group(O).The time of hypoxia-hypercapnia was 4 weeks.The mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),right ventricular rate(RV/(LV+S)),percentage of thickness of pulmonary artery wall in vascular external diameter(WT%),percentage of pulmonary artery wall area in total vascular area(WA%),vitality of caspase3 and caspase9,expression cyt-c of each group were observed.[Results]The mPAP,RV/(LV+S),WT%,WA% in group HH were significantly higher than those in group NC(P

Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Oral Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To establish an acute lung injury model by seawater aspiration in rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly allocated i nto 2 groups: control group (n=9) and model group (n=15). The acute lung injury model was established in rats by aspirating 2 ml seawater/kg body weight after 9-10 seconds of breath occlusion. The aspiration was repeated by the same means 2 min later. Rats in control group aspirated no seawater. Arterial blood gases and respiratory rates were observed before aspiration and 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after aspiration. The survival times of animal were also recorded. The rats were sacrificed 4 h after aspiration; the lung index, total protein (TP) contents, white blood cell (WBC) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the pulmonary histopathology were observed. Results: Compared with control group, model group had a significantly increased respiratory rate and a decreased PaO2 (P<0.05), which subsequently rose again and remained at a lower level. The model group also had a markedly increased lung index, TP contents and WBC counts (P<0.05). Obvious edema, alveolar atrophy and inflammatory infiltration were found in model rats. Conclusion: An acute lung injury model by sea water aspiration has been successfuly established.

Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) have been used clinically for more than half a century. They effectively reduce the incidence of preterm-related complications, such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Based on the significant beneficial effect in singleton pregnancies, several international guidelines recommend that ACS for twin pregnancies refer to their singleton pregnancies protocol. However, the prevention effect of ACS on NRDS in twin pregnancy is inconsistent. This review summarizes the effects of ACS on the prevention of NRDS in twin pregnancy to provide a reference for clinical management and further study.

Objective To investigate The effect of TAM(2.5 uM)in the chemotherapy of HCC and its mechanism. Methods An adriamycin-resistant human HCC cell subline(Hep-3B/ADM)was established,through exposure to gradually increased concentration of ADM.Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT.Modulation of ADM-induced apop- tosis of Hep-3B/ADM cells was assessed by Flow cytometry(FCM).PKC activity was determined by applying compet- itive protein binding method.Results TAM(2.5uM )decreased the IC50 of ADM from 1.64?g/mL to 0.23?g/mL in the Hep-3B/ADM cells.TAM exhibited a 2-fold potentiation on apoptosis caused by ADM in Hep-3B/ADM cells.With TAM,PKC activity was lower than that in control groups from 30 seconds to 24 hours.But this effect of TAM could be reversed by the co-treatment of the cells with TPA.Conclusion TAM(2.5 uM)significantly en- hanced ADM-induced cytotoxicity.The mechanism is that TAM potentiates the apoptosis induced by ADM through pro- tein kinase C inhibition.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rarely reported ocular complications following surgery of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and explore the possible mechanisms. METHOD: The clinical data of 4,012 cases of CSOM treated with surgery were analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, operation time, surgical approach, time of ocular symptoms presentation, duration of ocular symptoms, treatment and prognosis. RESULT: Among the 4,012 cases, 109 patients (2.72%) developed ocular complication, of which 68.81% (75/109) suffered from blurred vision, 24.77% (27/109) presented only erythema on eyelids or mild periorbital edema, 4.59% (5/109) had erythema on eyelids with periorbital edema, and 1.83% (2/109) complained of periorbital ecchymosis and edema. All of these complications recovered themselves without any sequela. CONCLUSION Ocular complications following surgery of CSOM are rarely reported. Pre-auricular incision and fascia harvesting, turbulence of venous and lymphatic drainage and preseptal cellulitis might be the risk factors. Blurred vision might be associated with eye injury during surgery and the use of anticholinergic agent.
Chronic Disease ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase) activity in the atrial and ventricular muscle cells of the rats is examined by electron microscopy. The reaction product of G-6-Pase activity is present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the nuclear envelope of the myocardial cells. A heterogenous distribution of G-6-Pase activity in the cardial muscle cells is detected.In the myocardial cells the cytochemical reaction product for G-6-Pase activity is observed in a larger amount in the peripheral junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum(PJ-SR)and interior junctional SR(IJ-SR), and in smaller amounts in the nuclear envelope, is rarely present or absent in the network SR(N-SR).The possible functional significance of G-6-Pase in cardial muscle cells is discussed.

Physical diasnostic techenique is the core curriculum of clinical medicine speciality. It is the bridge curriculum between basic medicine and clinical medicine. To further improve the teaching level of clinical medicine speciality and to reform personnel training mode of clinical medicine speciality in higher vocational college, we investigate the relevant content according to the work process curriculum course developing route.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of sodium aescinate on the edema of limb tibial plate fracture.Methods69 patients with edema of limb of tibial plate fracture were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group(46 cases)and control group(23 cases).Both of them were transfused with 20％ mannitol(250ml,Bid ×7days).In addition,these patients in the treatment group were treated with sodium aescinate(30mg Qd × 7days).ResultsThe repercussive effect of the edema grade in the treatment group were obviously better than those in the control group(P ＜0.05 ).ConclusionSodium aescinate had a remarkable repercussive effect on the limb edema of tibial plate fracture.