Renal scarring can cause hypertension, proteinuria, chronic kidney disease, and even end stage renal disease. To understand the risk factors of renal scarring in children is helpful for its early detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. High grade vesicoureteric reflux, recurrent urinary tract infection, and delayed treatment are risk factors for kidney scarring. However, there are still some controversies about the relationship between renal scarring and the some factors such as gender, age, and congenital factors. Recent studies have found that noninvasive urine indicators such as urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipid delivery protein, urinary endothelin-1, and risk prediction models can predict the formation of renal scar. However, prophylactic use of antibiotics can reduce occurance of urinary tract infections, but do not reduce the risk of renal scarring. This article reviews the possible risk factors and predictors of renal scarring in children, providing a basis for early detection, timely intervention, and effective prevention of it in clinic, so as to reduce the formation and progression of renal scarring.

[Objective]To study the regulation effects of Oridonin on pulmonary artery pressure in pulmonary hypertension rats with hypoxia-hypercapnia and its mechanism.[Methods]SD rats were divided in to three groups randomly: the normal control group(NC),the hypoxia-hpercapnia group(HH),and the hypoxia-hpercapnia plus Oridonin group(O).The time of hypoxia-hypercapnia was 4 weeks.The mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),right ventricular rate(RV/(LV+S)),percentage of thickness of pulmonary artery wall in vascular external diameter(WT%),percentage of pulmonary artery wall area in total vascular area(WA%),vitality of caspase3 and caspase9,expression cyt-c of each group were observed.[Results]The mPAP,RV/(LV+S),WT%,WA% in group HH were significantly higher than those in group NC(P

Administration, Topical ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Oral Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase) activity in the atrial and ventricular muscle cells of the rats is examined by electron microscopy. The reaction product of G-6-Pase activity is present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the nuclear envelope of the myocardial cells. A heterogenous distribution of G-6-Pase activity in the cardial muscle cells is detected.In the myocardial cells the cytochemical reaction product for G-6-Pase activity is observed in a larger amount in the peripheral junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum(PJ-SR)and interior junctional SR(IJ-SR), and in smaller amounts in the nuclear envelope, is rarely present or absent in the network SR(N-SR).The possible functional significance of G-6-Pase in cardial muscle cells is discussed.

Objective To investigate The effect of TAM(2.5 uM)in the chemotherapy of HCC and its mechanism. Methods An adriamycin-resistant human HCC cell subline(Hep-3B/ADM)was established,through exposure to gradually increased concentration of ADM.Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT.Modulation of ADM-induced apop- tosis of Hep-3B/ADM cells was assessed by Flow cytometry(FCM).PKC activity was determined by applying compet- itive protein binding method.Results TAM(2.5uM )decreased the IC50 of ADM from 1.64?g/mL to 0.23?g/mL in the Hep-3B/ADM cells.TAM exhibited a 2-fold potentiation on apoptosis caused by ADM in Hep-3B/ADM cells.With TAM,PKC activity was lower than that in control groups from 30 seconds to 24 hours.But this effect of TAM could be reversed by the co-treatment of the cells with TPA.Conclusion TAM(2.5 uM)significantly en- hanced ADM-induced cytotoxicity.The mechanism is that TAM potentiates the apoptosis induced by ADM through pro- tein kinase C inhibition.

Objective To analyze the clinical presentation and maternal neonatal outcome of 30 cases with HELLP syndrome and to discuss the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. Methods 30 cases of HELLP syndrome were collected retrospectively including 19 cases of complete HELLP syndrome and 11 partial HELLP syndrome. The blood test, clinical presentations, complications and pregnant outcomes were analyzed. Results LDH value in complete HELLP group(CHG) [(622?481)U/L] was significantly higher than that in partial HELLP group(PHG) [( 369?101) U/L, P

Objective To investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the spinal intermediate gray and it's relationship with hypertension. Methods Using NADPH\|d histochemistry method, the distribution of NOS in the spinal intermediate gray was investigated under microscope and analyzed quantitatively with image analysis system. Results 1 NOS positive neurons were observed mainly in the nucleus intermediolateralis thoracolumbalis pars principalis(ILp) and paracentral gray, as well as in the area of nucleus intercalatus spinalis. NOS positive cells existed in groups in ILp. The size and density of NOS positive cell groups differed with different spinal segments, no significant difference could be found in the distribution pattern of NOS positive neurons in the spinal intermediate gray between SHR and WKY. 2 The A value of NOS positive substance in the ILp of SHR was significantly lower than that in WKY. Conclusion The results imply that lower expression of NO in the area of ILp in SHR might be related to the development and maintenance of hypertension in SHR.\;

Objective To review the relationship between the expression levels of bcl-2,bax and bad gene and other biological factors of breast cancer in the growth and development of breast cancer.Methods Related literatures were summarized and reviewed.Results The expression level change of antiapoptosis gene bcl-2 was still under research and the expression levels of apoptosis gene bax and bad were down-regulated progressively in the evolution from benign breast tissue to breast cancer tissue.The expression level of bcl-2 had positive correlation with some positive factors in breast cancer such as estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR),while it had negative correlation with some negative factors such as p53,EGFR,c-erbB-2 and lymph node metastasis.The levels of ER,PR and the expression level of p53 of breast cancer had no relationship with the expression level of bax.Up to now there was no report about the relationship between the expression level of bad and other biological factors of breast cancer.Conclusion The role of altered expression level of bcl-2,in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer is still controversial,and the relationship between the expression of bad and the prognosis of breast cancer is still unknown,but expression level of bax is correlated positively with the prognosis of breast cancer.Research on these genes can provide us some new index to evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer and new ideas on treatment of breast cancer including gene therapy.

This article discussed the ancient and modern meaning of security of intense drugs for pregnant woman. And emphatically studied the meaning of the ‘gu’, pointing out that ‘gu’had three connotations, one referred to disease, second mean the original disease, with the ‘new’disease relative, the third referred to reasons. In addition, the article expounded how can be safe for the pregnant woman to use drugs with extremely intense action. In this paper, its purpose was to examine how to achieve security under circumstance of sick and fi nally achieve balance and harmony.

The arterial supply of the human sacrum and coccyx was studied on 56 fresh. cadavers of different ages by dissection, clearing, casting and radiography.All sacrums receive their blood supply from the lateral sacral arteries, the median sacral artery, the iliolumbar arteries and the fifth lumbar arteries. The median sacral artery, the lateral sacral arteries and their branches anastomose with each other and form the lattice anastomosis on the ventral surface of the sacrum.The anterior spinal canal branch bifurcates into an ascending and a descending branches. The former passes upwards to join the descending branch from the anterior spinal canal branch above it, they also anastomose with their contralateral counterparts, thus forming a rhombic system notable for its regularity.The posterior spinal canal branch also divides into an ascending and a descending branches and they join each other to dispose in a ladder anastomosis on the ventral surface of the laminae.The dorsal branch gives off three main sets of branches: the lateral, the medial and the muscular. The medial and the lateral branches both subdivide into an ascending and a descending branches and they anastomose with each other on the dorsal aspect of the sacrum.On the ventral surface, the coccyx obtains arterial supply from the median sacral artery and the lateral sacral arteries, while its dorsal surface mainly receives blood supply of the lateral sacral artery. Anastomosis has been found scarce on the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the coccyx.