Hypermetabolism syndrome,especially in skeletal muscles,is exceedingly common in septic patients.Many studies suggest that the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a vital procedure for hypermetabolism of skeletal muscles of septic patients and its activation can be influenced by a variety of factors,such as proinflammatory cytokine and glucocorticoid,etc.Evidences indicate that insulin has played an important role in opsonizing the activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.This paper reviews the regulation effect of insulin to the hypermetabolism of the skeletal muscles of septic patients through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Objective To explore the changes of etiology and mortality of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the last 20 years in Guangdong region. Methods A total of 3140 UGIB cases diagnosed in Guangdong General Hospital from January 1990 to October 2009 were analyzed with retrospective analysis. Groups were divided according to admission chronological order and age to analyze the causes of UGIB to get the trend of changes and influencing factors. Results UGIB occurred more in men than in women, the gender ratio was 2. 5∶1. There was no significant change in gender composition between the first and later 10 years. Peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) was the main cause of UGIB in young and middle-age patients (age<60 years), especially duodenal ulcer (DU)bleeding (45. 0%) , and secondary was acute gastric mucosal lesion ( AGML) (16. 6%). While in elder patients group (age≥60 years), the main cause of UGIB was AGML (40. 5%), the frequency was significantly higher compared with the young and middle-age group (40. 5% vs 16. 6%,P<0. 01).Compared the first 10 years with the later 10 years, the occurrence rate of PUB was overall in downward trend (57. 4% vs 42. 8%, P<0.01), of which DU and compound ulcer(CU) bleeding reduced significantly (DU: 43.8% vs 27.7%, P<0. 01 and CU: 7.7% to 5.5%, P<0. 05). While the incidence of gastric ulcer (GU) (7.4% vs 8. 1% ,P>0. 05) and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) (11. 7% vs 12. 9%, P>0.05) remained stable. The occurrence of AGML bleeding significantly increased than before (32. 4% vs 18. 8%,P<0. 01), and became one of the most important causes of UGIB. Conclusions PUB is still the most important cause of UGIB in Guangdong region. AGML becomes another important cause of UGIB in elder patients, which may relate to the increasing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anti-platelet and antineoplastic medicine.

The aim of this research is to investigate the preparation method of valve membrane in transcatheter bio- prosthetic valve, and to study the effect of chemical modification and cutting technology to tensile property and suture force property of valve membrane. We carried out a series of processes to perform the tests, such as firstly to test the crosslinking degree of valve membrane using ninhydrin method, then to test the tensile property and suture force property by using Instron's biomechanicAl testing equipment, and then to observe the collagen fiber orientation in valve membrane using Instron's biomechanical testing equipment and using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The study indicated that after the chemical modification, the crosslinking degree, tensile strength and suture force strength increasing rate of valve membrane were 93.78% ± 3. 2%, (8.24 ± 0.79) MPa, 102%, respectively. The valve membrane had a better biomechanical property and would be expected to become valve membrane in transcatheter bioprosthesis valve.
Bioprosthesis ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tensile Strength

Objective After the implantation,coronary stent is expected at least to keep its integrity and maintain the predicated function for over 10 years or 4e8 cycles under the pulsatile loading conditions,so the fatigue property of the stent should be evaluated.Method The finite method was used to analyze the stress distribution of different phases and evaluate the fatigue life according to Goodman criteria,meanwhile,the accelerated fatigue experiment was also performed.Results It can be concluded that the dangerous points are all but located in the lateral inner surface of stent curvature.Conclusions The results prove that the fatigue property can be simulated through the finite element analysis,which can provide the theoretical guidance for the stent design.

Objective To investigate effect of the venom peptide liquor on adjunctive arthritis (AA) in mice .Methods The male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups ,named as the control group ,model group ,positive control group(1 mg/kg dex-amethason) ,wine group(10 mL/kg) ,low dosage of venom peptide liquor group(8 .3 mL/kg) and high dosage of venom peptide liq-uor group(33 .2 mL/kg);the right toes ,ankle diameter and whole body weight were measured at 7-day intervals ;the spleen index , serum level of circulating immune complexes(CIC) were determined after the thirty-fourth day when the mice was put to death .Re-sults The level of CIC in AA mice decreased significantly (P<0 .05) ,the decrease of spleen index and the reduction of toe and an-kle swelling in the low dose group were significant(P<0 .01) .Conclusion The venom peptide liquor exhibited apparent inhibitory effect on AA in mice .

Purpose To investigate the effect of 5'-nucleotidase from Trimeresurus albolabris venom on platelet aggregations and its mechanism.Methods Piatelet aggregations induced by ADP,AA and PAF,respectively.were measured by turbidimetric method after platelet incubated with 5'-nucleotidase.Results 5'-nucleotidase significantly inhibited platelet aggregations induced by ADP,AA and PAF in a dose-dependent manner.Washed platelet inhibition experiment and the effect of Adenosine,CP/CPK on platelet aggregations showed that platelet aggregations inhibited by 5'-nucleotidase were associated with ADP hydrolysis and adenosine accumulation.The effect of ASA on platelet aggregations showed that the enzyme inhibited platelet aggregations probably by blocking the formation of TXA2.Conclusion 5'-nucleotidase from Trimeresurus albolabris venom inhibited platelet aggregations through ADP hydrolysis and adenosine accumulation,and maybe it is related to blocking the formation of TXA2.

Aim To evaluate the potency of anti-D. acutus venom IgY neutralizing the main activities of D. acutus venom.Methods After mixing the different a-mounts of IgY with snake venom and incubating togeth-er,the main activities of snake venom were assayed by biochemical methods.Results The in vitro assays in-dicated that anti-D.acutus venom IgY obviously neu-tralized the activities of PLA2 ,5′-nucleotidase,hyalu-ronidase,metalloprotease and serine proteinase (fi-brinogenase)in D.acutus venom.Mouse experiments showed that the ED50 value of IgY for mouse was 1 131.09 μg.Conclusion Anti-D.acutus venom IgY antibodies have good effects in neutralizing D.acutus venom without the toxicities themselves.

Anlotinib has strong antiangiogenic effects and leads to vessel normalization.However,the"window period"characteristic in regulating vessel normalization by anlotinib cannot fully explain the long-term survival benefits achieved through combining it with other drugs.In this study,through RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis,we discovered that anlotinib regulated the expression of components of the extracellular matrix(ECM),leading to a significant reduction in ECM stiffness.Our bioinformatic analysis revealed a potential positive relationship between the ECM pathway and gefitinib resistance,poor treatment outcomes for programmed death 1(PD-1)targeting,and unfavourable prognosis following chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.We administered anlotinib in combination with these antitumour drugs and visualized their distribution using fluorescent labelling in various tumour types.Notably,our results demonstrated that anlotinib prolonged the retention time and distribution of antitumour drugs at the tumour site.Moreover,the combination therapy induced notable loosening of the tumour tissue structure.This reduction was associated with decreased interstitial fluid pressure and tumour solid pressure.Additionally,we observed that anlotinib effectively suppressed the Ras homologue family member A(RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)signalling pathway.These findings suggest that,in addition to its antiangiogenic and vessel normalization effects,anlotinib can increase the distribution and retention of antitumour drugs in tumours by modulating ECM expression and physical properties through the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway.These valuable insights contribute to the development of combination therapies aimed at improving tumour targeting in cancer treatment.

OBJECTIVETo clone and express VP1-VP4 genes encoding the structural proteins of Coxsackie virus A16 and analyze the antigenicity of the expressed recombinant proteins.

METHODSThe VP1-VP4 cDNAs were amplified with RT-PCR from the extracted viral RNA and cloned into pMD19-T vectors. The VP1-VP4 genes were inserted to the multi-cloning sites of the plasmid pQE30a, and the protein expressions in E. coli M15 were induced by IPTG. After purification by washing with 8 mol/L urea under denaturing condition, the recombinant proteins were identified by Western blotting and ELISA for their immunogenicity against rabbit antisera of Coxsackie virus A16 and enterovirus 71, respectively.

RESULTSThe recombinant VP1-VP4 proteins were highly expressed in E. coli M15. The purified proteins could be recognized by rabbit antiserum of Coxsackie virus A16 and showed cross reactivity with the rabbit antiserum of Enterovirus 71.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant Coxsackie virus A16 VP1-VP4 proteins obtained possess good antigenicity.

Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Capsid Proteins ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes of Jinling procedure in the treatment of adult Hirschsprung disease.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 125 patients with adult Hirschsprung disease undergoing Jinling procedure at the Department of General Surgery between January 2000 and January 2013 were summarized. All the patients were diagnosed by CT, barium enema, anorectal pressure detection and pathology examination. Abdominal symptoms, gastrointestinal quality of life index(GIQLI, the lower score, the worse quality of life), Wexner constipation score (higher score indicated worse symptom), defecography (evaluation included rectocele, mucosal prolapse, intramucosal intussusception, perineal prolapse) and other operative complications were compared before and after operation.

RESULTSAmong 125 patients, 69 were male and 56 were female with median age of (41.2±15.5) (18 to 75) years. The follow-up rates were 94.4%(118/125), 92.0%(115/125), 89.6%(112/125) and 88.0%(110/125) at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12. Incidences of abdominal distension and abdominal pain were 100% and 82.4%(103/125) before operation, and were 7.3%(8/110) and 20.9%(23/110) at 12 months after surgery. Wexner score was significantly lower at postoperative months 1(8.7±2.9), 3 (7.2±2.8), 6(6.7±2.2) and 12(6.3±1.7) than that before operation (21.4±7.2) (P<0.01). GIQLI score was 51.6±11.9 before operation, though it decreased at 1 month (47.3±5.5)(P<0.05) after surgery, but increased significantly at postoperative months 3, 6, 12(68.9±8.0, 96.5±8.2, 103.2±8.6)(P<0.01). Abnormal rate of defecography was 70.4%(81/115), 48.2%(54/112) and 27.3%(30/110) at postoperative months 3, 6, 12, which was significantly lower than 91.2%(114/125) before operation (P<0.01). Morbidity of postoperative complication was 29.6%(37/125), including 5 cases of surgical site infection (4.0%), 2 of anastomotic bleeding (1.6%), 8 of anastomotic leakage (6.4%, one died of severe abdominal infection), 4 of urinary retention (3.2%), 3 of recurrent constipation (2.4%, without megacolon relapse), 11 of bowel obstruction (8.8%), 2 of anastomotic stricture(1.6%) and 2 of refractory staphylococcus aureus enteritis (1.6%, diagnosed by stool smear and culture, and both died finally).

CONCLUSIONJinling procedure is a safe and effective surgical procedure for adult Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Colectomy ; Constipation ; Defecography ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease ; surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intussusception ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perineum ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Rectocele ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult