Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Liver Diseases

The DNA fragment RM07 was isolated from halophilic archaea Halobacterium halobium, which can function as promoter not only in halophilic archaea, but also in Escherichia coli as eubacterial promoter. Sequencing analysis indicated that it possessed the typical consensus sequences (-35 and -10) of bacterial gene promoter, which was confirmed by further deletion analysis: With its -35 sequence deleted and -10 sequence left,DNA fragment RM07a nearly cannot initiate transcription;With its both -35 and -10 sequences,RM07b DNA fragment could be active as promoter at a level even higher than RM07. Our research also showed that the promoter function of RM07 fragment in Escherichia coli was under the control of environmental factors,especially its positive correlation with the increasing concentration of sodium chloride. Therefore, RM07 DNA fragment may be potential1 novel promoter source for constructing double-function vectors. It also has special significance in elucidating the issues of the fusing characteristics of archaea and lateral gene transfer between archaea and bacteria.

Objective To study the whole-genome evolution of influenza B viruses prevalent in Qingdao from 2006 to 2011 .Methods RNA was extracted from influenza B viruses isolated in Qingdao from 2006 to 2011 .Each gene segment was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and then sequenced .Gene sequences of each virus were determined and assembled by using Sequench -er software .A phylogenetic analysis for each gene segment was conducted by using MEGA 5.0 software pack-age.Results The phylogenetic tree of hemagglutinin ( HA) gene showed that 13 strains from 2006 to 2009 belonging to V1 clade of Victoria lineage were B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like viruses,and 12 strains from 2009 to 2011 belonging to the V2 clade of Victoria lineage were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like viruses.Moreover, strains of Yamagata lineage were all B/Florida/4/2006-like viruses including 5 strains of Y1 clade circulated from 2006 to 2008 and 7 strains of Y2 clade circulated from 2010 to 2011, respectively.The analysis of whole-genome evolution showed that 3 viruses of V2 clade presented 5+3 reassortment and 1 virus presented 1+7 reassortment.All reassortant strains matched with the vaccine strains of the present and previous season . The Yamagata and Victoria lineage strains belonged to genotype 2 and genotype 15,respectively.Compared with vaccine strains , the HA1 protein of Victoria lineage strains showed mutations at amino acid sites of H14Q, L58P, N129S, I146V, N171D and R279K, while R48K, K88R, P108A, N116K, S150I, N165Y, D196N,N202S and S229G amino acid mutations were mainly detected in Yamagata lineage strains .The sites 116 and 129,150,165,196 and 202 located in the 120,150,160 and 190 loops,respectively,which had been previously determined to be the hotspots under positive selection .Conclusion Both Yamagata and Victoria lineages of influenza B viruses were prevalent in Qingdao and evolved continuously from 2006 to 2011 .The selective pressure that a vaccine would provide was only to virus strains belonging to the same lineage ,sug-gesting a bivalent vaccine may be better for the induction of protective immunity .

The relevant literatures of Siwu series decoctions--Taohong Siwu decoction for treating primary dysmenorrea of gynecology blood stasis syndrome were summarized including the clinical application, pharmacological effects, bioactive components and metabolic characteristics. On this basis,research on the bioactive components and formulation rule were discussed, to provide reference for modern traditional Chinese medicine formula study.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans

Hepatitis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; therapy ; Liver, Artificial

San'ao Decoction (SD) and its analogous formulas derived in the following generations are common used prescriptions for treating pulmonary diseases with principal symptoms such as cough and asthma. They are usually compatible with Chinese herbs for facilitating Fei, dispelling wind, resolving phlegm and fluid retention. Material bases in these formulas are mainly derived from Chinese drugs, but dissolution contents of active components are changed and new components are produced after compatibility. By multilevel effect evaluation, these analogous formulas all have commonness in ventilating Fei and superiorities of evidence-based derivation. The effect pathway of commonness was involved in cell structure protection, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and immunoregulation.
Asthma ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Carthami Flos is a famous Chinese medicine pair (CMP). Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis, and Carthami Flos can promote blood circulation for removing meridian obstruction and remove blood stasis for relieving pain. The two herbs are important TCMs for activating blood. Danhong injection is the classic application of the two herbs compatibility, which was made from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos with scientific formalation by extraction and refining. The CMP is used for treatement of organ flood insufficiency and ischemic infarction diseases. It can obviously relieving symptoms of angina pectoris, improve myocardial ischemia, regress atherosclerosis plaque, and inhibit thrombus. This paper elaberated the bio-active constituents, compatibility effects and action mechanism, and clinical applications of the CMP in order to further upgrade basic research and application levels of the CMP.
Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma has the effects of nourishing and tonifying blood, activating blood and dissipating blood stasis, regulating menstruation and analgetic, which is commonly used Chinese medicine pair (CMP) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic. It might be an independent formula, and is also usually used in many gynecological formulae and modern TCM prescriptions. This paper mainly analyzed and summarized the compatibility theory, bio-active constituents, compatibility effects and action mechanism, and clinical applications of the CMP, which can provide a basis for the depth research and development of the CMP.
Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Chinese medicine pairs (CMP) are specific compatibility with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory as principle, which was formed on basis of effect and treatment theory of TCM. The compatibility of CMP can enhance the effect, or reduce the toxicity. So, compatibility effects of CMP were studied from different pharmacology levels including animals, tissues and organs, cell and molecular levels, their synergy and compatibility attenuation were also evaluated with monomer component-component (group) compatibility-single herb-CMP-formulae as the main line, and the action mechanisms were investigated, all of which can provide scientific basis for the clinical applications of CMP and creation of TCM new drugs.
Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Synergism ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; methods

The total effect of Chinese medicine pair (CMP) was not the simply addition of two single herbs, but the interaction of their different components. Therefore, the research on the bio-active components of CMP is the basis of CMP compatibility study, and has important significance for revealing the compatibility effect and action mechanism, and creating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) new drugs. This paper summed up the latest research progress of CMP on the basis of the bio-active components variation regularity of CMP from chemical solutions and content changes in vitro and the actions of CMP on bodies in vivo, in order to further drive the modern basic and applied research of CMP, and to reveal the scientific essence of CMP compatibility.
Animals ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacokinetics