The rapid growth of single-cell RNA-seq studies (scRNA-seq) demands efficient data storage, processing, and analysis. Big-data technology provides a framework that facilitates the comprehensive discovery of biological signals from inter-institutional scRNA-seq datasets. The strategies to solve the stochastic and heterogeneous single-cell transcriptome signal are discussed in this article. After extensively reviewing the available big-data applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based studies, we propose a workflow that accounts for the unique characteris-tics of scRNA-seq data and primary objectives of single-cell studies.

OBJECTIVE:To explore clinical efficacy and safety of Ulinastatin injection combined with Xingnaojing injec-tion in the treament of severe craniocerebral injury(CCI). METHODS:A total of 120 severe CCI patients selected from our hospital during Sept. 2014-Nov. 2015 were divided into ulinastatin group,Xingnaojing group and combination group according to therapy plan,with 40 cases in each group. Three groups were given routine treatment timely after admission. On the basis of routine treatment,Ulinastatin group additionally received Ulinastatin injection 200 000 U,ivgtt,bid;Xingnaojing group addi-tionally received Xingnaojing injection 20 mL,ivgtt,qd;combination group additionally received Ulinastatin injection com-bined with Xingnaojing injection,same usage as above(with 1 h intervals). Three groups received therapy for consecutive 14 d. Serum inflammatory factors(CRP,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α),serologic indexes of craniocerebral injury [neuron specific enolase (NSE),myelin basic protein(MBP),S100B protein(S100B)] and GCS scores before and after treatment as well as GOS scores after treatment were all observed in 3 groups. The occurrence of ADR was recorded during treatment. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in serum inflammatory factors,serologic indexes of craniocerebral injury or GCS scores among 3 groups(P>0.05). Compared to before treatment,inflammatory factors of 3 groups were decreased signifi-cantly after treatment,the ulinastatin group was significantly lower than the Xingnaojing group,combination group was signifi-cantly lower than two single drug groups,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Levels of serologic indexes of craniocerebral injury and GCS scores of 3 groups were improved significantly,and the combination group was significantly better than the two single drug groups,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between ulinastatin group and Xingnaojing group(P>0.05). Six months after treatment,GOS score of combination group(4.17±0.81)was significantly better than those of ulinastatin group(3.05±0.97)and Xing-naojing group(2.97 ± 0.89),with statistical significance (P<0.05);there was no statistical significance between ulinastatin group and Xingnaojing group(P>0.05). During treatment,the incidence of ADR in combination group(27.50%)was significantly lower than ulinastatin group(50.00%)and Xingnaojing group(42.50%),with statistical significance(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance between ulinastatin group and Xingnaojing group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ulinastatin injection combined with Xingnaojing injection can sig-nificantly decrease serum inflammatory factor levels,relieve craniocerebral injury,protect cerebral tissue and improve short-term prognosis with good safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) expression on invasion ofglioma cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Glioma TJ905 cells were cultured in vitro; and ErbB2 shRNA and overexpression vectors were constructed and transfected into Glioma T J905 cells to down-regulate and up-regulate the ErbB2 expression levels; empty vector plasmid was also transfected into the TJ905 cells as control group.Invasive ability changes of T J905 cells were measured by Transwell assay,and the expression levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were identified by Western blotting.Results As compared with the ErbB2,MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression levels in the control group (62.34±5.72,62.34±5.72 and 69.76±6.25),those in the ErbB2 shRNA group were significantly decreased (34.82±4.91,58.73±4.48 and 52.32±5.23),while those in the ErbB2 overexpression group were significantly increased (69.76±6.25,87.34±7.96 and 94.39±6.12),with significant differences (P＜0.05).The mean cells crossing Matrigel in the ErbB2 shRNA group (28.5 cells/field) were obviously decreased,and those in the ErbB2 overexpression group were increased (82 cells/field) as compared with those in the control group (70 cells/field),with significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion ErbB2 expression can affect the invasiveness ofglioma cells,which might be related to the expression changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9.