No abstract available.
Hydrocortisone* ; Prolactin*

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Diet ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice*

Rice body formation in a joint or bursa is a rare condition, and is usually associated with rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculous arthritis. Here we describe a case of multiple rice body formation in a shoulder joint and in adjacent bursae, which was confirmed to be due to septic arthritis by Candida species. To the best of our knowledge, rice body formation in Candida septic arthritis in an immune-competent patient has not been previously reported.
Aged ; Arthritis, Infectious/*microbiology/radiography ; Bursa, Synovial/*microbiology/radiography ; Candida/isolation & purification ; Candidiasis/*microbiology/radiography ; Foreign Bodies/*etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder Joint/*microbiology/radiography

OBJECTIVES: Mushrooms, known for their nutritious and functional components, are considered healthy and medicinal. This study investigated the prospective association between dietary mushroom consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Korean adults aged ≥40 years. METHODS: In total, 16,666 participants who were not taking anti-diabetic medication or insulin and had normal fasting blood glucose (FBG; <126 mg/dL) were included. We used the cumulative average dietary consumption of mushrooms as an exposure metric, calculated from food frequency questionnaires at every follow-up, along with covariates collected during a baseline survey. To estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for type 2 diabetes, a modified Poisson regression model with a robust error estimator was applied. RESULTS: In multivariable models, dietary mushroom consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in both genders (men: IRR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.90; plinearity=0.043 in the highest quartile (Q4) vs. the lowest quartile (Q1); women: IRR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.93; plinearity=0.114 in Q4 vs. Q1). The inverse association remained after adjustment for dietary factors instead of dietary quality index, the baseline FBG, and the exclusion of incidence within the first year. Additionally, no significant interaction was found regarding the risk of type 2 diabetes between dietary mushroom consumption and participants’ gender or other factors. CONCLUSIONS Dietary mushroom consumption was inversely linked with the risk of type 2 diabetes incidence in both genders, indicating the beneficial role of mushrooms in preventing the disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed factors affecting feeble-mindedness or insanity following a forensic evaluation for sex offenders, and to present a scientific basis that can provide practical assistance on a responsibility evaluation of sex offenders. METHODS: This study analyzed retrospectively 180 mental appraisals on sex offenders among mental appraisals documented by one psychiatrist from June, 2012 to December, 2015 at the National Forensic Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 180 mental appraisals, 123 people (68.3%) were found to be feeble-minded or insane, and 57 people (31.7%) were considered to be sane, i.e., competent to take responsibility. The two groups were different in IQ, occupational & marital status, victim numbers, psychiatric diagnosis, and sex offender characteristics, such as violence and intrusiveness. After evaluating the influence of variables that showed significant differences between the two groups on a responsibility assessment, sex offenders with fewer invasive sex offenses (OR=1.763, p<0.05), lower IQ (OR=1.031, p<0.01), lower numbers of victims (OR=1.349, p<0.05), and higher number of mental illnesses (OR=0.507, p<0.05) were more likely found to be feeble-minded or insane. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that criminal responsibility may be intact in repeat sex offenders who commit invasive sex crimes, such as rape, and is without intellectual disability compared to other kinds of sex offenders. Subsequent research will be needed to improve the objectivity and reliability of mental appraisals on sex offenders in the future.
Crime ; Criminals* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Marital Status ; Mental Disorders ; Psychiatry ; Rape ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Offenses ; Violence

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and its association with risk factors of orthostatic hypotension aged over 60 in Seoul and Chungju, Korea. METHOD: The data were collected from the 22th of August, 2000 to the 7th May 2001. The participants were 74 community-dwelling aged who could stand up from sitting position without assistance. Subjects were interviewed with structured questionnaire in order to ask experience of previous falls, hours in per day, symptoms related orthostatic hypotension and demographic characteristics. Orthostatic hypotension was assessed at 1 minute after the subjects standing from sitting position and defined as 20mmHg or greater decrease in systolic blood pressure after standing. RESULT: The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was 17.1%. The mean drop of systolic blood pressure was 27.46mmHg among orthostatic hypotension subjects. The significant variables which explain the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension was the basal systolic blood pressure, the hit ratio of discriminant function with basal systolic blood pressure was 69.7%. CONCLUSION: Finding indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies to identify risk factors and to prevent orthostatic hypotension for the aged.

The clinical signs of acquired hypothyroidism are usually manifested insidiously over several months to years. The incidence increases after 6 years of age and peaks at 11 to 18 years of age. The clinical symptoms and signs are fatigue, constipation, decreased growth velocity and delayed bone age, compromised intellectual performance, obesity, myxedema, hyperlipidemia, peripheral neuropathy and delayed or precocious puberty. Two children were referred to our hospital for the evaluation of severe obesity and short stature. During the evaluation we found they also had hyperlipidemia, cardiomegaly with or without pericardial effusion. Thyroid function test revealed decreased serum thyroid hormone levels with positive anti- microsome and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies consistent with long-standing acquired hypothyroidism. After the supplement of L-thyroxine, both of them showed rapid improvement of above symptoms, except for the incomplete catch-up growth. We herein report two cases of acquired hypothyroidism with severe obesity, short stature, hyperlipidemia and cardiomegaly with review of literatures.
Antibodies ; Cardiomegaly* ; Child ; Constipation ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypothyroidism* ; Incidence ; Microsomes ; Myxedema ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Puberty, Precocious ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroxine

The clinical signs of acquired hypothyroidism are usually manifested insidiously over several months to years. The incidence increases after 6 years of age and peaks at 11 to 18 years of age. The clinical symptoms and signs are fatigue, constipation, decreased growth velocity and delayed bone age, compromised intellectual performance, obesity, myxedema, hyperlipidemia, peripheral neuropathy and delayed or precocious puberty. Two children were referred to our hospital for the evaluation of severe obesity and short stature. During the evaluation we found they also had hyperlipidemia, cardiomegaly with or without pericardial effusion. Thyroid function test revealed decreased serum thyroid hormone levels with positive anti- microsome and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies consistent with long-standing acquired hypothyroidism. After the supplement of L-thyroxine, both of them showed rapid improvement of above symptoms, except for the incomplete catch-up growth. We herein report two cases of acquired hypothyroidism with severe obesity, short stature, hyperlipidemia and cardiomegaly with review of literatures.
Antibodies ; Cardiomegaly* ; Child ; Constipation ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypothyroidism* ; Incidence ; Microsomes ; Myxedema ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Puberty, Precocious ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroxine

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the prevalence of postprandial hypotension and its related risk factors, and investigate the relationship between the related symptoms and the occurrence of postprandial hypotension. METHOD: The data were collected from the 22th of August, 2000 to 7th May, 2001. The participants were 74 aged over 60 in Seoul and Chungju, Korea. Blood pressure was taken in the sitting position at 15mins, 30mins and 60mins after starting meals. RESULT: 1) The prevalence of postprandial hypotension was 12.2% at 15mins, 25.7% at 30 mins, 25.7% at 60mins after starting meals. 2) There was no significant difference in age, but there was significant difference in basal systolic blood pressure between responders and nonresponders to postprandial hypotension over the three different times. 3) There was no significant relation between the occurrence of postprandial hypotension and its related symptoms over the three different times. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop an assessment protocol and nursing strategies to identify risk factors and to prevent postrprandial hypotension for the aged.
Blood Pressure ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Hypotension* ; Korea ; Meals ; Nursing ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul