No abstract available.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Genes of cancer-associated testis antigens (CTAs) are expressed in various cancer tissues. In order to use CTAs as cancer diagnosis marker, we developed molecular method for detection of CTAs transcripts in tissue. In order to know the applicability of DNA of cancer-associated testis antigens (CTAs) on cancer diagnosis, molecular diagnostic methods for detection of gene expression of melanoma antigen gene (MAGE), GAGE, and B melanoma antigen (BAGE) was studied. After comparing DNA sequences of CTAs, S1/AS1 and S2/AS2, GAGE-S/ GAGE-AS, and BAGE-S/BAGE-AS primers were designed for the detection of MAGEs, GAGEs and BAGEs, respectively. The gene expression of CTAs in cancer cell lines, head and neck cancer tissues, ovary cancer tissue, and peritoneal cells of gastric cancer patients were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using these primers. The MAGEs, GAGEs and BAGE genes were expressed in 8/8 (100%), 5/8 (62.5%) and 1/8 (12.5%) of head and neck cancer tissues, respectively. The gene expression of MAGEs were also detected in 8/10 (80%) of ovary cancer tissues and in 9/10 (90%) of peritoneal cells of gastric cancer patients in RT-PCR test using S1/AS1 primers. The results of this study suggest that molecular diagnosis method using CTAs genes, especially RT-PCR using S1/AS1 primer combination, is useful for diagnosis of cancer and it will be used for the prediction of cancer progression or regression and metastasis in future.
Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Diagnosis* ; DNA ; Gene Expression ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pathology, Molecular ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Testis*

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was done to evaluate the status of nosocomial urinary tract infections and to determine the risk factors andtransmission route of causal IRPA through molecular epidemiology. METHOD: Two hundred ninety-nine of 423 patients admitted to the internal medicine and surgery ICU at a university hospital incity B had a positiveurine culture. Twelve of the 299 patients who had a urinary tract infection had IRPA strains. The data was collected from November 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005. The following results were obtained after the data was analyzed using percentile and UPGMA. RESULT: The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infections in the ICU was 10.8%. Therewere 16.8 cases of infection based on the period of hospitalization. There were 16.9 cases of infection based on the use of a foley catheter. The rate of nosocomial urinary tract infection in the ICU and urinary tract infections related to IRPA were higher in patients with the following characteristics: men, old age, admission through the emergency room, longer than seven days admission, severity of admitting causes, disturbance of consciousness, hydration less than 300cc in 24hours, a long course of antibiotics, a long period of foley catheterization and perineal care. Most of the microorganisms that caused the urinary tract infection were gram negative bacilli, among which P. aeruginosa was found in 70 patients (18.5%) and IRPA in 12 (4.0%). Among the 12 IRPA strains that were tested with PFGE, eight showed a dice coefficient higher than 80%, suggesting a genetic relationship. They were related with the period of hospitalization in the same ICU. These patients all received direct care for a urinary tract infection. CONCLUSION: Through these results, IRPA can be consideredas a contributing factors to urinary tract infections thus, active preventative measures are needed by the medical staff.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Cross Infection/*epidemiology/etiology/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Imipenem/*pharmacology ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification/drug effects/*genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Tract Infections/*epidemiology/etiology/microbiology

Sixty-three patients with permanent sigmoid colostomy were surveyed to evaluate their satisfaction and complications with the "irrigation technique" and the "atural evacuation" of the colostomy management (irrigation technique; 32 patients, natural evacuation; 31 patients). All patients had colostomy for at least 12 months without disease recurrence. Each patient was interviewed in addition to standard questionnaire. The irrigation was not associated with any major complication including colonic perforation. The irrigation was used younger age group than the natural evacuation (53+/-10 vs. 62+/-12, P=0.01). The frequency of bowel movement was lower in the irrigation than in the natural evacuation (5.1+/-2.5/wk vs. 10.8+/-9.0/wk, P=0.04). Five patients (16%) of the irrigation experienced spontaneous bowel action but only one patient suffered from it. The time spent for managing irrigation was 59+/-13 minutes. Twenty-three patients (74%) of the natural evacuation suffered from one or moreproblems such as expensive apparatus, leakage, skin irritation or odor. Sixteen patients (52%) of the natural evacuation and 2 patients (6%) of the irrigation were restricted in social activity (P=0.0001). Thirteen patients (42%) of the natural evacuation and 1 patient (3%) of the irrigation were dissatisfied with colostomy management (P=0.002). Thus, the irrigation technique seems to be more effective and satisfactory method for managing colostomy without compromising patient's social activity when it is performed in appropriately selected patients.
Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colostomy* ; Humans ; Odors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Skin

Orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, first described by Luis et. al in 1971, is a very rare tumor of characteristic histologic features. A 21-year-woman was admitted with a 4-month histoiry of rapidly progressive proptosis and visual disturbance. Right orbital exenteration was performed under the clinical diagnosis of orbital calcifying tumor. Grossly, the tumor presented as a multibloblated, circumscribed mass that measures 5.5 cm in the greatest dimentsion. Cut sections resembled ordinary chonrosarcoma. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, interspersed nodules of well differentated cartilagenous tissue, areas of gradual transition from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to cartilage, and hemangiopericytoma-like areas. A brief summary of the histopathological aspect of this tumor and a review of literature are presented.
Female ; Humans

Carbapenem-resistance emerging in Gram-negative pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, has become a major human health problem globally. The therapeutic options available for carbapenem-resistant pathogens are very limited. Antibiotics such as colistin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides are often the only ones that can be used to treat carbapenem-resistant pathogens. Carbapenem may still be an option in certain circumstances. The administration of combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant pathogens is controversial. This review presents the current knowledge of available antimicrobial therapeutic options for infections due to carbapenem-resistant pathogens in Korea.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Aminoglycosides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Colistin ; Drug Resistance ; Fosfomycin ; Gram-Negative Bacteria* ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Korea ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Moral Distress Scale-Revised (KMDS-R) to assess its applicability to Korean hospital nurses. METHODS: The KMDS-R was articulated through forward-backward translation methods. Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity was calculated using SPSSWIN(19.0). Survey data were collected from 188 nurses from a university hospital in Gangwon-do, South Korea. RESULTS: The KMDS-R showed reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .69-.87 and a Guttman Split-half of .69-.82 for the total scale. Factor loading of the 21 items on the five subscales ranged from .41-.80. The KMDS-R was validated by factor analysis and explained 63% of moral distress for Korean hospital nurses. Criterion validity compared to Yoo's MDS showed significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest promising evidence of the KMDS-R's reliability and validity. It is used to measure moral distress for Korean hospital nurses.
Gangwon-do ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results*

PURPOSE: The study was done to investigate male nurses' gender discrimination, person-organization fit, organization leader-member exchange, career plateau and retention intention and to identify factors affecting nurses' retention intention for these nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-report questionnaires. The participants were 144 male nurses working in hospitals and other health care facilities in Korea. Data were analyzed using hierarchial regression. RESULTS: The mean score was 5.40±1.61 (out of 8) for retention intention. Factors influencing retention intention were ‘married’ (β=.27, p<.001) and ‘employment career (3~5 yr)’ (β=-.24, p=.003) in model 1, ‘person-organization fit’ (β=.42, p<.001) in model 2, ‘content plateau’ (β=-.19, p=.020) in model 3. Person-organization fit was the most significant factor followed by content plateau, employment career and married state in that order. These factors explained 33.2% of the variance in retention intention (F=17.23, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that it is necessary to confirm that the male nurses are suitable for their organization and improve career development at 3~5 years of work experience as a retention strategy of male nurses.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Employment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Korea* ; Male* ; Nurses, Male*

PURPOSE: Nursing is regarded as a female-dominated profession. However, the number of Korean males entering the field of nursing is increasing. This study examines which of the following factors influence professionalism in male and female student nurses: area of nursing, gender identity, gender stereotypes, satisfaction with the field, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal relationships. METHODS: In total, 133 male and 293 female student nurses were selected from four Korean provinces between July 2013 and February 2014 to participate in this study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi2-tests of independence, and multiple regression analyses using SPSS/Win 20 software. RESULTS: In males, 47.4% of variance in nursing professionalism was accounted for by grades, interpersonal relationships, gender stereotypes, and satisfaction with the field. In females, 41.9% of variance in nursing professionalism was accounted for by satisfaction with the field, interpersonal relationships, area of nursing, age, emotional intelligence and grades. Common factors that influenced both genders included satisfaction with the field, interpersonal relationships and grades. CONCLUSION: Although males and females revealed no significant differences in overall mean scores of nursing professionalism, several factors influencing nursing professionalism did differ by gender. Therefore, gender-specific nursing educational and training programs may be necessary to promote professionalism among student nurses.
Education ; Emotional Intelligence ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping time of two shaping methods and the leakage of three different obturation techniques. Ninty three canaled human molar teeth were used, which were randomly divided into two groups of forty teeth each and ten control teeth. After working length determination, the one group was prepared crown-down technique using rotary root canal instruments of GT rotary files .12/20, .10/20, .08/20 and .06/20 taper(Maillefer Instrument SA. Switzerland). The other group was instrumented with Gates Glidden burs(#1, #2, and #3) to coronal preparation and GT rotary files .08/20 and .06/20 taper to apical preparation. Shaping time was measured. After root canals were instrumented, they were divided to three subgroups and obturated as follows: Subgroup 1, obturated with single cone method : Subgroup 2, obturated with lateral condensation : Subgroup 3, obturated with continuous wave technique. Three subgroups were obturated using non-standardized gutta-percha cone(Diadent, Korea, .06 or .08 taper) and AH-26(Dentsply DeTrey, Germany) as a root canal cement. Ten unobturated teeth served as positive and negative controls. After immersion in 2% methylene blue solution for 1 month, the teeth were washed during 24h. The teeth were demineralized in 10% nitric acid and dehydrated by immersion in 80, 90 and 100% ethyl alcohol. The teeth were finally cleared and stored in 100% methylsalicylate, and apical dye penetration was evaluated under stereomicroscope (Leica M420, LC, U.S.A) at x8.75 magnification. Liner measurement of dye penetration was assessed with the use of digitalized image analysing system (analySIS, GmbH, Germany). The data were analysed statistically using independent T-test and Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The result were as follows: 1. In canal prepared with GT(TM)rotary file, shaphing time taked more than the group of using Gates Glidden drill to coronal preparation without statistical significance (p>0.05). 2. The group of single cone obturation using canal preparation of GT(TM) rotary files showed significantly more apical leakage than those of lateral condensation and continuous wave technique regardless of shaping method (p<0.05). 3. The group of single cone obturation using canal preparation of GT(TM) rotary files and Gates Glidden drill showed significantly more apical leakage than those of continuous wave technique regardless of shaping method (p<0.05). 4. Regardless of shaping method, The group of continuous wave obturation showed less apical leakage than those of lateral condensation without statistical significance (p>0.05). 5. The group of single cone obturation using canal preparation of GT(TM) rotary files and Gates Glidden drill showed more apical leakage than the group of lateral condensation using same shaping method without statistical significance (p>0.05).
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Ethanol ; Gutta-Percha ; Humans ; Immersion ; Korea ; Mandrillus ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Nitric Acid ; Salicylates ; Tooth