Cranial Sinuses ; surgery ; Diverticulum ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; surgery

Female ; Humans ; Hyperacusis ; surgery ; Labyrinth Diseases ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To explore the effect of biliary obstruction caused acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) on ultrastructure of gallbladder interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs),and the possible mechanism of impaired contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle. Methods Total 60 healthy adult guinea pigs were in this study. The guinea pigs AAC model was induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). The guinea pigs were divided into five groups equally,including sham control group (Sham),BDL for 12 hours (BDL-12),24 hours (BDL-24),48 hours (BDL-48) and 72 hours (BDL-72)groups. The gallbladder specimens were collected by the end of study. Gallbladder pathological changes were observed with HE staining under light microscope. Three muscle strips were collected of each gallbladder,fixed in constant temperature water bath with different concentration of eight peptide cholecystokinin agonist (CCK-8,1010 mmol/L,10-9 mmol/L,10-8 mmol/L,10-7 mmol/L and 10-6mmol/L),acetylcholine (Ach,10-8 mmol/L,107 mmol/L,10-6 mmol/L,10-5 mmol/L,10-4 mmol/L)and potassium chloride (KC1) (60 mmol/L). The contraction activity of gallbladder muscle strips was recorded by tonotransducer. The ultrastracture changes of gallbladder ICC in sham,BDL-12 and BDL-72 groups was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results There was no obvious inflammation in Sham and BDL-12 groups. Compared with sham group,there were significant differences of biology score of gallbladder in BDL-48 and BDL-72 groups (P＜0. 05). After adding CCK-8,Ach and KC1,the contraction amplitude of gallbladder muscle increased in each group,and in dose-dependent manner. Compared with sham group,the effect value of each other groups decreased significantly (P＜0. 05). Compared with sham group,the morphology of ICC changed in BDL-12group,and more obvious in BDL-72 group. Conclusion Biliary obstruction can induce AAC. At the earlier stage of ACC,the impaired contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle present even without gallbladder inflammation occurrence. ICC may play an important role in impaired contraction.

Objective:To investigate the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 in periodontal tissues in rats with periodontitis at different stages of inflammation with varied severity. Methods:Periodontitis was induced by silk ligature. P.gingivalis(Pg) or Pg with F.nu were used to induce the varied severity of periodontitis in 40 rats. 14 and 28 days after periodontitis induction the animals were sacrificed, periodontal tissues were immunohistochemically stained by antibody of MMP-1 and MMP-8 respectively. Results:MMP-1 and MMP-8 were both strongly positive in gingival epithelia cells and fibroblasts in periodontal ligament in rats with periodontitis.Higher expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 was observed at 14 d than at 28 d(P0.05). Conclusion:The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 varies in different stage of periodontitis. MMP-1 and MMP-8 may play an important role in development of periodontitis.

Objective To study the basic expression and cellular localization of SOCS-3 in normal rat retina. Methods Neuro-immunocytochemistry techniques were used. Results SOCS-3 positive cells were widely distributed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in the retina. In the GCL, SOCS-3 immunoreactivity was mainly in the neuclei of the ganglion cells.Some of the SOCS-3 positive cells in INL were M?ller cells.Conclusion Basal expression of SOCS-3 is widely present in the neurons and glia in normal adult rat retina and mainly in the form of nuclear protein.

Cestode Infections ; parasitology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of heat treatment on the proliferation of, melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in cultured normal human melanocytes. Methods Normal human foreskin tissue was obtained by sterile circumcision and melanocytes were harvested by using methods for epidermal cell culture. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was utilized as the primary mitogen to establish the culture system of normal human epidermal melanocytes. Masson-Fontana staining was proformed to identify melanocytes.Third-passage melanocytes were treated with hyperthermia at various temperatures (39 ℃, 41 ℃, 42 ℃, 43 ℃ and 45℃) for 1 hour a day for consecutive 3 days followed by the measurement of cell viability with MTT assay. The hyperthermia at optimized temperature was used to treat fourth-passage melanocytes for 1 hour a day for consecutive 3 days; subsequently, the tyrosinase activity were detected with L-Dopa as the substrate, and melanin content was determined in heat-treated and untreated (control) melanocytes. Results The hyperthermia at 42 ℃ exhibited the strongest promotive effect on the proliferation of melanocytes among these 5 hyperthermia conditions. After treatment with hyperthermia at 42 ℃ for 1 hour a day for consecutive 3 days, melanocytes showed an increment in tyrosinase activity by 36.4% and melanin synthesis by 78% compared with the untreated melanocytes (both P＜0.05). Conclusions Heat treatment can enhance the proliferation of cultured human melanocytes, promote their melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity.

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering provides a new way for the repair of urinary tissue and organ defects.Urinary tissue engineering has shown a bright prospect.OBJECTIVE: To review the latest research on urinary tissue engineering at national and international level.METHODS: With the keywords of tissue engineering, urology, scaffold, vascularization in Chinese and in English,respectively, a computer-based search for articles published from January 2000 to January 2016 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. The articles addressing urology tissue engineering, scaffolds and vascularization were collected,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The selection and cultivation of seed cells, scaffold material performance, tissue construction in vitro, and degree of vascularization all make an important influence on the repair of urinary injuries. As different seed cells hold different biological characteristics, we should make full consideration prior to choosing an appropriate seed cell, so as to pave a good foundation for urinary tissue engineering. Scaffolds with good three-dimensional structure can promote the cell growth and proliferation, tissue in-growth and vascularization.Tissue-engineered materials are superior to traditional repair materials, but still on initial stage, and further large scale trials will be necessary. Moreover, some problems needed to be solved, such as the regenerated tissue with incomplete function different from natural tissues, and regeneration failure caused by biological stent rejection.

Objective To study transmission characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii )clone and clinical features of infected patients in a respiratory intensive care unit (RICU),so as to guide the effective pre-vention and control of A.baumannii transmission.Methods 40 A.baumannii strains isolated from RICU patients were performed homology analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)and cluster analysis,relationship of strains was determined,antimicrobial resistance and clinical data were analyzed.Results 40 A.baumannii strains were divided into 11 genotypes(A-K),the main epidemic strains were type A,B and E.The resistant rate to imipen-em was the lowest(70.00%),the next was levofloxacin (77.50%).The average age of 40 infected patients was 67 years old,the average length of hospital stay was 41 days,12 patients died because of invalid treatment.There was overlapping hospitalization among patients infected with type A and E strains;among patients infected with type B strain,there was no overlapping hospitalization among the last 6 and first 6 infected patients.Conclusion The main epidemic strains of A.baumannii were type A,B and E,antimicrobial resistant rate is high;the infected patients are with high average age and long length of hospital stay.It is important to reduce the transmission of A.baumannii through rational use of antimicrobial agents,strict aseptic operation,and intensified disinfection and sterilization of hospital environment and medical devices.

Objective To study the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin in an adult population.Methods Twenty patients with mild cataract and 39 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study,including 15 males and 44 females.The average age was 43.75 years.Fifty-three subjects were non-smokers and 6 male subjects were smokers.Two subjects preferred meat diet,22 preferred meat-less diet,and 35 have balanced diet.MPOD was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry at 0.25,0.5,1.0 and 1.75 degrees,and serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.The relationship between MPOD and serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin was analyzed.The differences of serum lutein and zeaxanthin between different gender,smokers and non-smokers and subjects with different dietary pattern were also analyzed.Results MPOD at 0.25,0.5,1.0 and 1.75 degrees were 0.59,0.48,0.34 and 0.18,and the average concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin were (0.45± 0.16) μmol/L and (0.11 ± 0.04) μmol/L respectively.Serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin in males were slightly higher than that in females,but it was not statistically significant (t=1.13,0.86;P=0.27,0.40).The differences of serum lutien and zeaxanthin between smokers and non-smokers (t=0.15,-0.11;P=0.87,0.91),among subjects of 3 dietary patterns groups were not statistically significant (Flutein=3.87,4.05,0.18;P=0.83,0.81,0.99.Fxeaxanbin=0.99,1.51,0.52;P=0.85,0.68,0.72).There was no correlation between MPOD and serum concentration of lutein (r=-0.06,-0.02,-0.07,0.03;P＞0.05) and zeaxanthin(r=0.02,0.12,0.09,0.11;P＞0.05).Conclusion MPOD was not statistically significantly correlated with serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin in the studied population.