This article reviews the long-term outcome data and guidelines up to date, and systemically reviews the effect of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, the major effective component in deep-sea fish oil, on metabolic syndrome, including improvements in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, etc. Its adverse effects are also commented.

Since recent years, the incidence of precocious puberty has been rising. However, questions regarding its treatment and other conditions remain. This article reviews recent published papers with long-term outcome data and guidelines, and systemical introduction to identification of precocious puberty, different treatment options, therapeutic goals, and indications for different types of diseases, as well as adverse effects of drugs.

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in water.Methods The liquid-liquid extraction,gas chromatography with RTX-50 capillary column and flame photometric detector were used to determine 6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides(DDVP,dimethoate,malathion,methyl parathion,parathion,chlorpyrifos)in water.Results Chromatographic resolutions for the above 6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides were both over 1.5.The linear range was 2.0-16.0 ?g/ml(r=0.999 2～0.999 8),the detection limits were 0.009 2～0.076 ng,RSDs were 1.5%-7.1%,the average recovery rates were 93.0%-98.7%.6 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides could be absolutely separated on RTX-50 capillary column.Conclusion This method presents an advantage in detection limit,precision and accuracy compared with that in GB13192-1991,it will meet the requirement of Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water and routine water quality analysis.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of montelukast combined with budesonide in the treatment of children with asthma. Methods 70 cases of children with asthma were randomly divided into group A and group B, included 35 cases in each group. Group A was treated with single budesonide and Group B was given montelukast combined with budesonide. The clinical efficacy of two groups of asthma was compared, the body temperature returned to normal time, the time of wheezing disappeared, the normal time of the laboratory index, the normal time of the chest radiograph, the inflammatory factors and the lung function indexes and the side effects. Results The clinical curative effect of group B was higher than that of group A(P<0.05); Body temperature in group B returned to normal time, the time of wheezing disappeared, the normal time of laboratory index was shorter than that of group A(P<0.05); Inflammatory factors and lung function were similar. After intervention, the inflammatory factors and lung function of group B were better than those of group A(P<0.05). There were no obvious side effects in the two groups. Conclusion The clinical efficacy and safety of montelukast combined with budesonide in the treatment of children with asthma can improve the symptoms of children, cause the symptoms to recite in a short time, reduce the inflammatory factors, improve lung function, no obvious adverse reactions, safety effective.

Objective To review the correlation between serum uric acid (UA) level and Parkinson's disease(PD) based on the papers published from 2004 to 2014 at home and abroad,with an attempt to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and disease evaluation of PD.Methods Major online database including PubMed,CNKI,and Wan Fang date bases were searched in March 2014.The key words we used are uric acid,Parkinson' s disease and so on.Results Totally 28 studies were enrolled,the analysis showed there were argument on the correlation UA and PD,the effect of uarthritis on PD and the effect of antiparkison drugs on UA.Conclusion It is testified in most studies that UA level is obviously lower in PD patients.The variation of UA perhaps affects the morbidity,condition and non-motor symptom among patients with PD.However,the studies are limited by the research methods 、the public surveyed and other factors.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is one of typical indicators to evaluate arterial stiffness.About the gender difference of pulse wave velocity,some controversies exist.In this paper,several factors affecting the differences such as height,aging,sex steroids,which affect the arterial structure and function and bring the gender difference,are reviewed relatively in detail.In addition,several aspects including measurement accuracy,analyzing method and the characteristics of sample population,which may induce the difference of PWV results,are also briefly reviewed.Meanwhile,some existing controversies are indicated objectively to further possible research interests in this field.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn in development of morphine tolerance in rats with arthritis.MethodsTwenty-four healthy male SD rats weighing 280-320 g in which intrathecal(IT) catheters were succcessfully implanted without complication were randomized into 4 groups ( n =6 each):group normal saline ( group C) ; group morphine ( group M ) ; group ginsenoside Rg1 (group G) and group morphine + ginsenoside Rg1 (group MG).Arthritis was induced with complete Freund adjuivant injected into the ankle joint of right hind limb according to the method described by Butler et al in all 24 animals.Chronic morphine tolerance was induced by IT morphine 10 μg twice a day for 7 consecutive days in groups M and MG.Ginsenoside Rg1 100 μg was given IT once a day for 7 consecutive days in groups G and MG.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with yon Frey filaments (MWT) was measured before induction of arthritis (T1,baseline),and IT drug administration (T2) and at day 1,3,5,7 (T3-6) after IT administration.The rats were sacrificed after last MWT measurement and their lumbar segments of the spinal cord ( L3-5 ) were removed for detection of apoptosis in the spinal dorsal horn by TUNEL.ResultsMWT was significantly decreased after induction of arthritis at T2-6 compared with the baseline value before arthritis at T1 in all 4 groups.In group M IT morphine significantly increased MWT at T3.4 compared with the baseline at T2 but the MWT was decreasing at T5.6 indicative of development of morphine tolerance.In group MG,addition of ginsenoside Rgl to IT morphine significantly attenuate the decrease in MWT at T5.6.The number of apoptotic cells in spinal dorsal horn was significantly higher in groups M and MG than in group C,but was significantly lower in group MG than in group M.Concluson Ginsenoside Rg1 can prevent the development of morphine tolerance in rats with arthritis by inhibiting apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To provide evidence for the rational use of antibiotics.Methods Analyze on the results of pathogen detec-tion and antibiotic susceptibility tests for the patients in the hospital from January 2013 to December 2013.Results There were 2 111 strains of pathogenic bacteria detected in 2013,among which the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 75.5%(1 594/2 111). The main species were Klebsiella pneumonia,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa,Klebsiella oxytoca.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for for 20.3%(428/2 111),the main species of which were Streptococcus pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.There were 89 strains of fungi,which accoun-ted for 4.2%(89/2 111).The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae′s drug resistance to 13 kinds of anti-biotics were all less than 25.00%.Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed highly resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics while sensitive to Cefperazone-Sulbactam.The antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria to macrolide were greater than 70% while that to Vancomycin was 0.0%.Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were highly re-sistant to penicillin.Conclusion The monitoring of bacterial resistance in hospital contributes to the rational use of antibiotics and avoiding the formation and spread of drug-resistant strains.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in reduction of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia by electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli in rats with incisional pain.Methods Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, in which the intrathecal catheter was successfully placed without complications, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), remifentanil + incisional pain group (group RI), EA at acupoint group (group E) , EA at non-acupoint group (group NE), and 1/2 ERK inhibitor U0126 + EA at acupoint group (group UE).Normal saline 0.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1 was infused intravenously for 60 min in group C.In RI, E, NE and UE groups, after the model of incisional pain was established, remifentanil 1.0 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was infused for 60 min, and in addition, EA (intensity 10 mA, frequency 4 Hz) of Zusanli lasting for 60 min was performed at the same time in E and UE groups, and EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli on the operated side simultaneously in group NE.ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 5 μg (in 5％ dimethyl sulfoxide 10 μl) was injected intrathecally in group UE, and 5％ dimethyl sulfoxide 10 μl was injected intrathecally in the other groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before remifentanil or normal saline infusion (T1) , and at 2 h, 1, and 2 days after the end of infusion (T2-4).After MWT was measured at T4, the expression of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in spinal cord dorsal horns was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased at T2-4 in RI, E, NE and UE groups, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in RI, E and NE groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group RI, the MWT was significantly increased at T2-4 , and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in E and UE groups (P＜0.05);and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NE (P＞0.05).Compared with group E, the MWT was significantly increased at T2-4, and the expression of p-ERK 1/2 was down-regulated in group UE (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechaism by which EA at Zusanli reduces hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in rats with incisional pain is related to inhibited activation of ERK signaling pathway in the spinal cord.

An efficient method is provided to detect simultaneously some important veterinary drugs from different classes in highly complex animal tissue matrix.This method using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) is developed to effectively determine two fluoroquinolones (enoxacin and lomefloxacin),two sulfonamides (sulfanilamide and sulfamethoxazole) and one tetracycline (tetracycline) simultaneously in porcine tissues.In the process,MSPD methodology was used to treat samples,washed by n-hexane to remove lipid,eluted the analytes with acetonitrile-dichloromethane (1∶1,v/v).Solvent acetonitrile and solvent acetic acid (0.1％) were combined in a gradient.HPLC-DAD analysis of the tissue samples was performed within 15min at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min.The results showed that a recovery at 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 μg/g fortification levels ranged from 80.6％ to 99.2％ with satisfactory relative standard deviations (RSDs) (below 6.1％.n=3) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 7 μg/kg to 34 μg/kg in porcine tissues.Utilization of the method in successfully simultaneous analysis of porcine tissue incurred with veterinary drug multiresidues is described.