AIM: To investigate the effect of Qingjiening(QJN) on cytokines in sheep red blood cell(SRBC)-immunized mice. METHODS: After immunization of mice with SRBC, the effect of QJN o n IL-1、IFN-?、IL-2 in mice was observed, the IFN-? level was measured by macrophage NO - 2-release assay, the IL-1 level was measured by thymocyte a ssay, the IL-2 level was measured by mitogen activated lymphocytoblast assay. RESULTS: QJN can significantly inhibit mice to secrete IL-1、IFN- ? and IL-2. CONCLUSION: The immunosuppressive activity of QJN may be associate d with inhibition of immunocyte to secret IL-1、IFN-? and IL-2.

Objective To establish a TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect Vibrio vulnificus based on hemolysin gene(vvhA)that coding cytolysin.Method By using software Primer Express, the PCR primers and TaqMan probe,which located in the conserved region of vvhA gene sequence,were designed for establishment of a TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect 100 bp amplicon from V.vulnificus DNA.A recombinant plasmid pMD19-vvhA100 as a positive control during detection was constructed using gene cloning technique.Minimal amplification cycles(Ct value)and fluorescence intensity enhancement (△Rn value)were used as observing index to optimize the reaction conditions of the TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The DNAs with different concentrations from V.vulnificus and other eight bacteria and pMD19- vvhA100 were applied as templates to determine the specificity,sensitivity and reappearance of the TaqMan real- time fluorescent quantitative PCR.ICR mice were intraperitoneally,subcutaneously and orally infected with V. vulnificus,respectively.The detection effect of the TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was measured using the specimens of peripheral blood,subcutaneous tissue and intestinal content collected from the infected mice.Results The established TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed positive results only for V. vulnificus DNA and pMD19-vvhA100.The detection effectiveness of the TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was as high as 0.01 ng of V.vulnificus DNA or 103 copies of pMD19-vvhA100.The SD values of the detection results repeated for three times using pMD19-vvhA100 with different concentrations were lease than 0.79. The detection results of TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR were positive for all the specimens of peripheral blood and subcutaneous tissue.Conclusions The TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR established in this study for V.vulnificus vvhA gene detection has advantages such as quickness,stability, sensitivity and specificity,indicating this method can be used for clinical laboratory diagnosis of septicemia and wound infection caused by V.vulnificus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of pharmacological inhibition of STING by C-176,a STING selective inhibitor,in experimental model of Parkinson's disease.METHODS The acute and sub-acute mice mod-els of Parkinson's disease(PD)were established by in-traperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-(2′-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophine(MPTP).The selective STING inhibitor C-176 was administered by intraperitoneal injec-tion.The potential neuroprotective effects of C-176 were evaluated by behavioral test,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)immunostaining,Nissl staining,Western blotting,qPCR and immunofluorescence.For in vitro study,the effects of C-176 on LPS/MPP+-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS Our study revealed that C-176 significantly inhibited STING signaling activation,ameliorated MPTP-induced dopami-nergic neurotoxicity,motor deficit and associated neuroin-flammation.Furthermore,pharmacological inhibition of STING in BV2 microglia treated with LPS/MPP+ exhibited decreased inflammatory responses.More importantly,C176 also reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation both in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of STING protects against neuroinflammation that may act at least in part through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome acti-vation and thus ameliorated dopaminergic neurodegener-ation.STING signaling may holds great promise for the development of new treatment strategy for PD as an effective therapeutic target.

The 53rd annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) was held in Chicago,United States between June 2 and 6,2017.The latest advances in biliary tract cancer research from this meeting were summarized and analyzed in this paper.The adjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancer made a breakthrough in this meeting,the findings could provide the basis for a new standard of changing the current management model in the disease.The precision medicine and targeted therapy will be the development direction in the future.Doctors should attach great importance to the adjuvant and comprehensive therapy in biliary tract cancer and initiate high level multi-center clinical trials to improve the overall the diagnostic and treatment levels of biliary tract cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 subunit (GABAAα1) in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vLPAG) in rats with formalin-induced acute pain. Methods The rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group(group C) and formalin-induced pain group(group F),12 rats in each group:0.9% sodium chloride solution or 2% formaldehyde 50 μL was injected into the ventral surface of right hind paw respectively. The pain scores were recorded for every 5 minutes and the mechanical pain threshold were recorded for every 10 minutes until 1 h. The expression levels of GABAAα1in vLPAG were determined by Western blot analysis in each group.Results The rats in formalin group showed significant nociceptive behaviors immedi-ately, such as paw withdrawal and/or paw licking. Results demonstrated that the rats exhibited a biphasic response to pain. The pain behavior scores in group F were significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05),and the mechanical pain threshold in group F was decreased after injection compared with group C(P<0.05). The expression of GABAAα1 protein in group F was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).Conclusions The up-regulation of GABAAα1 expression in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray is associated with the decrease of pain threshold in rats with acute pain.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of physical violence against children (PVAC)by parents and to explore possible related factors.Methods:In two primary schools in Liaoning Province,1164 parents of pupils in grade 1 to 6 were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire anonymously to analyze situation about PVAC and related factors.PVAC was defined as having one or more following parent-to-child behaviors in the past three months:push,or shook a child;pinch,screw,or scratch a child;hit child's buttocks with hand;hit child's hand,foot,arm,leg or back with hand;hit child's buttocks with an object;hit child's face or head with hand;hit elsewhere (not buttocks)with an object;kicked a child with a foot or hit with a fist.Results:Of 1164 parents,53.1% reported that they had minor PVAC (51.0%)or/and severe PVAC (19.8%).Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of PVAC:child's male gender (OR =1.49),younger age of children (OR =1.38),poor school performance of children (OR =1.85 ),mother (OR =2.09),parents'childhood physical violence victimization experiences (OR =1.53),parents'supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment (OR =3.15),parents'lower awareness of the harmfulness of physical violence against children (OR =2.31),and lower social economic status (OR =1.47).Conclusion:The PVAC by their parents may be com-mon in the present study.Parents'supportive or tolerant attitudes toward corporal punishment and low awareness of the harmfulness of physical violence is the main risk factors of PVAC.

To assess the clinical effect and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. The relative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese medical injections (CMI) combined with radiotherapy as well as simple radiotherapy for esophageal cancer were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and VIP Database as at September 2014. Two researchers completed the data extraction and quality evaluation independently. The data were analyzed by GeMTC 0.14.3 and Stata 12. 0 software. Finally, 43 RCTs involving 3 289 patients were finally included. The star network was constructed by different comparison groups. The results of network meta-analysis showed that the seven CMIs combined with radiotherapy was superior to simple radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer in efficacy, quality of life, and reduction in the incidence of nausea and leucopenia, but with no significant difference among the seven CMIs. Probability ranking result showed a great possibility for Shenqi Fuzheng and astragalus polysaccharide injections in improving the overall response rate and quality of life, which were followed by cinobufagin and kangai injections. However, only one study was included for Shenqi Fuzheng and astragalus polysaccharide injections. Therefore, cinobufagin or kangai injections were preferred in improving the overall response rate and quality of life. Aidi or compound sophora injections were better than other CMIs in reducing? the incidences of nausea (III-IV) and leukopenia. More RCTs of Shenqi Fuzheng and astragalus polysaccharide injections combined with radiotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer were expected in the future to confirm our results. Moreover, study findings will be reported, particularly for the adverse events in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the effects of mycophenolate mofetil ( MMF) on the differentiation and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and fibronectin(FN)expression of lung fibroblasts(LF)through interfering the transdifferentiation of LF into MF in vitro.Methods:LF of neonatal rat were cultured in vitro ,induced into MF by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),and treated with different concentrations of MMF ,which was 0μmol/L(control group),0.1μmol/L(low dose group),1μmol/L(middle dose group)or 10 μmol/L( high dose group ) .Morphology of LF and MF were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope , the expressions of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were identified by immunofluorescence staining ,and then analyzed the effect of MMF on the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts .ELISA was used to detect the levels of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) and fibronectin ( FN) .Results: LF was induced into MF by TGF-β196 hours later.The immune fluorescence performance of α-SMA in the lung fibroblasts revealed MMF could suppress the expression of α-SMA,but had no effect on the phenotype of myofibroblasts .The results of ELISA showed that the levels of CTGF and FN were significantly decreased compar with that of control group and was concentration -de-pendent ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: MMF can prevent lung fibroblasts from transdifferentiating into myofibroblasts and inhibit the expressions of CTGF and FN ,suggesting that MMF has anti-fibrosis effect and one of the mechanisms is by suppressing the expressions of CTGF and FN.

Objective To investigate the value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS ) in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia ( SPN ) before operation . Methods Forty‐six cases of SPN confirmed by operation and histopathological results from January 2012 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study . According to the European Ultrasound Association ( EFSUMB) guidelines for CEUS in 2018 ,the enhancement pattern of pancreatic lesion with normal surrounding pancreatic parenchyma was used for reference . T he enhancement pattern of SPN were observed during the arterial phase ,venous phase and delayed phase . CEUS pattern of 16 cases with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ( PDAC ) with cystic changes proved by histopathology were observed and compared with SPN . Results T he mean size of 46 cases of SPN was ( 32 .72 ± 25 .51) mm . Fifteen SPN lesions located in the head of pancreas ,31 cases located in the body and tail of the pancreas . Most of SPN were solidcystic lesions with thin separation on conventional B mode ultrasoud ,without communication with the main pancreatic duct . Color flow signals could be detected in 78 .3% ( 36/46) SPN lesions . After the injection of 2 .4 ml ultrasound contrast agent , the substantial part of all SPN showed hyperenhancement ( n＝ 44 ,99 .7% ) or isoenhancement ( n ＝ 2 , 4 .3% ) during the arterial phase ,venous phase and late phase . However ,93 .8% ( 15/16 ) of the PDAC lesion with cystic changes showed consistent hypo enhancement throughout the arterial ,venous and late phase ( P ＜0 .05) . T he accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of CEUS was 95 .6% . Conclusions Depending on its unique advantages such as real‐time observation ,high‐resolution imaging ,and no radiation ,CEUS is helpful for early detection ,accurate localization and preoperative diagnosis of SPN . CEUS has potential role for clinical decision‐making before treatment .

Enterococcus is an opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial infection.In recent years, the resistance rate of Enterococcus to antimicrobial agents is increasing with the widespread use of antibiotics, even leading to the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic, which less likely to generates the cross-resistance with other antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis,so it has been regarded as the last line of defense for VRE.However, since the linezolid has appeared on the market, the reports of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus have also emerged.This article reviews the resistance mechanisms of Enterococcus to linezolid in order to provide reference for resistance surveillance as well as the research and development of new antimicrobial agents.