Objective To histomorphometricly assess changes occurred in the alveolar ridge following different methods of socket preservation and to compare them against natural healing without interventions. Methods The second、 third and fourth mandibular premolars were extracted from six beagles. Six extraction sites in each dog were randomly assigned to three treatments as follows:natural healing (T1), Bio-Oss Collagen (T2) and immediate implant with Bio-Oss (T3). Six month after surgery, the dogs were euthanized and tissue samples were sectioned, fixed and mounted, then were stained with toluidine blue. The histologic studies and morphological measurements were performed by using an optical microscope and a digital image software. Results Reabsorption in the buccal aspect of the alveolar crest of ridge was showed in all groups. With respect to the mean vertical bone loss of the buccal bone plate, T3 is lower than T1 and T2(P<0.001 ), while no significant differences were observed between T1 and T2. With regard to horizontal dimension of the alveolar process , a statistical significance could be found at 3mm and 4mm below the crest of ridge in group T1 and T3(P=0.017, P=0.042), while no statistical differences were found between other groups. Conclusions Both techniques of alveolar ridge preservation were not able to completely preserve the original bone volume after tooth extraction. Immediate implant placement in combination with Bio-Oss seems to have the potential to limit the reabsorption of the alveolar process efficiently , but the bone preserving effect of Bio-Oss Collagen is undesirable.

Objective To investigate the roles of cardiac activity index(Tei index) on evaluation the right ventricular function after neonatal asphyxia.Methods Sixty neonatal asphyxia who included 35 cases of mild asphyxia(mild asphyxia group) and 25 cases of severe asphyxia(severe asphyxia group) and 30 cases of normal full-term newborns(control group) were selected.Echocardiographic examinations were performed on 24-48 h after birth,which included pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP),right ventricular ejection fraction(RVEF),tricuspid early diastolic peak(peak E) and late diastolic peak(peak A),and E/A ratio was acquired.The right ventricular cardiac activity index (RV-Tei index) was measured by Doppler spectrum.Results There was no significant difference in RVEF,E/A ratio among mild asphyxia group,severe asphyxia group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).RV-Tei index in mild asphyxia group and severe asphyxia group was increased compared with that in control group (0.489 ± 0.090,0.625 ± 0.100 vs.0.345 ± 0.120),and there was significant difference (P＜ 0.05 or ＜0.01).There was significant difference in RV-Tei index between mild asphyxia group and severe asphyxia group (P ＜ 0.05).RV-Tei index in neonatal asphyxia was positively correlated with PASP (r =0.950,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no relationship between RV-Tei index and gestational age,weight,heart rate (r =-0.068,-0.280,-0.360,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Neonatal asphyxia can lead to disorders of the right ventricular function.Tei index can evaluate early overall changes of the right ventricular function and is better than conventional ultrasound technology in neonatal asphyxia.

orrect knowledge about the benign biological behavior of the ovarian GTS and reasonable therapeutic regimen can have the disease ends with good prognosis.

C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Calcitonin ; blood ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; diagnosis ; Meningitis, Viral ; diagnosis ; Protein Precursors ; blood

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Hexanones ; urine ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Epigenetics comprises the modifications made in gene expressions without changing the DNA sequence itself. Significant epigenetic changes take place during spermatogenesis and fertilization and exert direct influences on embryogenesis. This article provides an overview of the latest researches on epigenetics of male germ cells and a brief discussion on the correlation of sperm with embryogenesis in four aspects: DNA methylation, histone modification, regulation of non-coding RNAs, and genomic imprinting.
Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Development ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genomic Imprinting ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatozoa

Steroidal saponins have a wide range of pharmacological effects and biological activities, such as anti-tumor, antifungal, hypoglycemic, immune regulation, insecticides, etc. In the last ten years, some new structures of steroidal saponins compounds were found from natural plants, they have some new and different activities. In order to accelerate the research on the drug innovation of steroidal saponins, we summarized the new progress of the research on such compounds.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Steroids ; pharmacology

Objective To detect the type of gene mutation of thalassemia in Kunming city.Methods Sixty-three cases highly suspec-tive of thalassemia were determined with the methods of ploymerase chain reaction(PCR) and reverse dot blot(RDB) for the type of gene mutation.Results According to gene analysis,35 cases were final diagnosed from 63 cases suspective of thalassemia.Among the total,4 cases were gene deficiency ?-thalassemia,and 30 cases were gene deficiency ?-thalassemia,and there was 1 case both ?-thalassemia and ?-thalassemia.There were 9 types of gene mutation with 15 gene combinations in 35 samples.The main type of ?-thalassemia was--SEA/??,there were 6 types with 11 gene combinations from the types of genes of ?-thalassemia,the highest incidence of gene mutation was 17 site,including 17 site homozygote,heterozygote and double heterozygote.Conclusions The thalassemia invasion of Yunnan has its characters,and it is valuable to launch further research.In the same patient,there are ?-thalassemia and ?-thalassemia,it signifies that those 2 types should be diagnosed in the same time,to prevent missed diagnosis.

Objective To study the interobserver variabilities and the differential diagnosis value of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-Ultrasound (BI-RADS-US) lexicon for small ( ≤ 2 cm) breast nodules. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2011, 289 patients with small (≤2 cm) breast nodules (n=317) were included. According to sizes, the lesions were divided into two groups, i.e., 0-1 cm (n=160) group and 1-2 cm (n=157)group. Each lesion was described independently by 3 radiologists using BI-RADS-US lexicon. Interobserver variabilities were assessed by Kappa test. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency difference of the descriptors between malignant and benign lesions. Sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negtive predictive value were calculated. Results (1)Moderate agreements were obtained for lesion shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, surrounding tissue and calciifcations (κ=0.44, 0.57, 0.48, 0.43, 0.51 and 0.57) in 0-1 cm group. Substantial agreements were obtained for lesion shape, orientation, margin and echo pattern (κ=0.65, 0.61, 0.64 and 0.63) in 1-2 cm group. (2)Irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, non-circumscribed margin, echogenic halo and microcalciifcations were more frequently found in malignant nodules than in benign nodules in 0-1 cm group [52.3% (34/65) vs 20.0% (19/95), 38.5%(25/65) vs 13.7%(13/95), 75.4%(49/65) vs 32.6%(31/95), 18.6%(12/65) vs 0 (0/95) and 10.8%(7/65) vs 2.1%(2/95);χ2=18.19, 13.08, 28.22, 16.39 and 3.95;P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.047]. Similarly, irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, non-circumscribed margin, echogenic halo, shadowing, changes of Cooper′s ligament and microcalciifcations were signiifcantly more frequent found in malignant nodules than in benign nodules in 1-2 cm group [74.2%(49/66) vs 12.1%(11/91), 36.3%(24/66) vs 5.5%(5/91), 93.9%(62/66) vs 22.0%(20/91), 37.9%(25/66) vs 3.3%(3/91), 30.3%(20/66) vs 7.7%(7/91), 15.2%(10/66) vs 0 (0/91) and 16.7%(11/66) vs 4.4%(4/91);χ2=62.59, 24.21, 79.40, 31.22, 13.73, 12.30 and 6.67;P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.010]. (3)In both groups, a good sensitivity was demonstrated (75.4%&93.9%) when using the non-circumscribed margin as a criterion for malignancy, and high speciifcity was achieved in two groups (80.0%-100%and 87.9%-100%) when other descriptors including irregular shape, non-parallel orientation, echogenic halo, shadowing, changes of Cooper′s ligament and microcalciifcations were used as differentiation criteria. Conclusions Good interobserver agreement can be achieved using the BI-RADS-US lexicon in the diagnosis of small breast nodules. Non-circumscribed margin are proved as the most valuable sign for screening malignant breast lesions ≤ 2 cm. High speciifcity was found for irregular shape, nonparallel orientation, echogenic halo, shadowing, Cooper′s ligament changes and microcalciifcations, which can help biopsy and preoperative diagnosis.

The recovery of the virus from genetic materials in in vitro culture systems or sensitive animals is called virus rescue. A functional infectious clone of RNA virus provides unlimited possibility for genetic studies and the related reverse genetics system that allows directed genetic manipulation of an RNA virus is an extremely powerful research tool. In the past twenty years, especially since the first infectious clone of a negative-stranded RNA virus was reported in the mid-1990's, the reverse genetics systems have been available for nearly all the major human and animal RNA virus groups. The article reviews the progress of this technology, highlighting the obstacles in the construction of reverse genetics systems for major groups of human as well as animal RNA viruses and how the virologists overcame them. There are mainly four external expression systems for construction of the RNA virus reverse genetics systems basing on the kind of RNA viruses. These systems include in vitro RNA transcripts, RNA polymerase I-driven expression plasmids, RNA polymerase II-driven expression plasmids and modified vaccinia virus/T7 RNA polymerase-driven expression system. In particular, the viral nucleoprotein and polymerase proteins are required to assemble the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes for the rescue of the negative-stranded RNA viruses. Relevant topics about the rescue of the typical viruses are discussed, including poliovirus with the de novo synthesis, Coronaviridae with the largest size of genome, Flaviviridae with the instable clones, HCV with the quasispecies nature, nodaviruses with the virus-host interaction, influenza virus with the RNA pol I transcription system, Arenavirdae with the ambisense coding strategies etc.
Animals ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; genetics ; RNA Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; RNA, Viral ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Ribonucleoproteins ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Virus Replication