Cardiac size of 291 new-born infants was measured using the method illustated on Fig 1. Among the 291 infants,53 were asphyxiated, and asphxia was only regared from Apgar score below 6 on 1 min. and 5 min. Remaining 238infants were normal, and classified to group with lung abnormalities and without lung abnormalities on chest A-Pfilm. The results are as follows; 1. The average CTR. of normal group was 52.37(C/T1;54.89, C/T2;49.43, C/T3;49.15, C/T;55.97) 2. The average CTR. of asphxiated group was 54.91 (C/T1;57.13, C/T2;51.69, C/T3;51.94,C/T4;58.25) 3. Consequently, asphyxiated infants revealed larger cardiac size than normal infant group.
Apgar Score ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; Methods ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a chronic infection, resulting in progressive liver damage. Recent studies have described the protective effect of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype on liver damage in cases of HCV infection. Their findings were explained by the influence of the ApoE genotype on HCV pathology, which seems to be integrally linked to the process of HCV uptake into hepatocytes. We investigated whether specific ApoE genotypes were associated with the different clinical aspects of HCV infection in patients with chronic HCV. METHODS: From the whole blood of 196 chronic HCV hepatitis patients, the ApoE genotypes were determined by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Several markers, including liver enzymes, platelet counts and HCV viral loads, as well as the radiologic findings, were investigated. In order to estimate the treatment outcome, the sustained virologic response (SVR), early virologic response (EVR) and end-of-treatment response (ETR) were determined according to the HCV viral loads. RESULTS: Based on genotyping, 15.8% (n=31) of the patients had the ApoE E4 allele (E2/E4, E3/E4, E4/E4), while 84.2% (n=165) were missing the ApoE E4 allele (E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3). Several clinical results of the E4-positive group, including liver enzymes, albumin, platelet counts, HCV viral loads and hepatic coarseness were not significantly different from those of E4-negative group. There were no differences in the SVR, EVR and ETR between patients with the ApoE E4 allele and those without the ApoE E4 allele. CONCLUSION: There was no significant effect of the ApoE genotype on the clinical aspects of HCV infection and the anti-viral response, including SVR, EVR and ETR, in chronic HCV hepatitis patients.
Alleles ; Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins E ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Platelet Count ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

We report the surgical endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with a lateral lesion that originated from an accessory canal. Although lesions originating from accessory canals frequently heal with simple conventional endodontic therapy, some lesions may need additional and different treatment. In the present case, conventional root canal retreatment led to incomplete healing with the need for further treatment (i.e., surgery). Surgical endodontic management with a fast-setting calcium silicate cement was performed on the accessory canal using a dental operating microscope. At the patient's 9-month recall visit, the lesion was resolved upon radiography.
Bicuspid ; Calcium ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Radiography ; Retreatment ; Silicate Cement ; Silicates

The authors reviewed 3145 pediatric patients who visited the emergecy room in this hospital during 3yrs period from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1991. 1) Among the patients visiting the emergency room, the patients under 15 years of age were 26.4% (3145) of total emergency patients (11930). 2) yearly distribution of patients were decreased 17% between 1989 and 1991. 3) Monthly distribution of visits showed higher incidence in June and July. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. 4) Weekly distribution of visits showed higher incidence on Sunday and Saturday, relatively. 5) Most popular time of visiting the emergency room was between 8:00 PM to 12:00 PM during which time 29.5% of all pediatric patient were seen. 6) Distribution of age showed peak incidence between 6 and 12 years of age (30.9%). 7) 65.18% of total emergency room isits were pediatric patients. 8) Distribution of cases was as follows: Respiratory disease 37%, accident, GI disease in turn listed respectively in ecreasing order of freqency. 9) The admission rate through emergency was 8.5% of total pediatric emergency patients. 10) 82.3% of total emergency visits had medical insurance coverage, 7% had no insurance and 10.7% were on medical aid program.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Insurance Coverage ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with suspicious developmental delay in infants and early childhood. METHODS: Participants were 133 infants, aged from birth to 6 years old and their mothers, who were being seen at 16 Public health centers in B city. Korean Denver II was used to test infant development. chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used with SPSS 19.0 to analyze data. RESULTS: Of participant infants, 7.5% were below the 3rd percentile for the weight percentile, 8.4% is a weight curve that crosses more than 2 percentile lines on the growth charts after previous achievement, and 9.8% had suspicious developmental delay according to Korean Denver II. Further the predictive factors related to suspicious development delay in the children were decrease of weight percentile (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.69, Confidence Interval [CI])=1.22-36.45), low economic state (OR=6.26, CI=1.50-26.00), and developmental delay perceived by their mothers (OR=4.99, CI=1.24-20.06). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to build a government level system to follow management of development of infants and children from the time of birth. Especially, it is necessary to develop a program for children in low income families.
Achievement ; Aged ; Child ; Child Development ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Public Health

The authors performed a retrospective review on 27 eyes of 23 children with vitreous hemorrhage, to assess the natural history, the outcome of vitrectomy and the important prognostic factors. Mean age was 3. 7 years(range: birth~13.5 years). The causes of vitreous hemorrhage included trauma(6 patients), retinopathy of prematurity(5 patients), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(4 patients)and others(8 patients). Spontaneous absorption of vitreous hemorrhage in 11 of 27 eyes was observed and took mean 2. 5 months. Sixteen eyes had undergone vitrectomy for persistent vitreous hemorrhage(mean duration: 3. 4 months). Follow up period was mean 32. 8 months(range: 20~79 months). Visual improvement was achieved in 70%of all patients and there was no statistical significance between spontaneous absorption group and vitrectomy group. Deprivation amblyopia was complicated in 7 of 9 patients whose visual acuity could be measured in both eyes. anisometropic myopia(> OR =2. 0 diopter)was observed in 7 of 14 patients. Our results supported that causes of vitreous hemorrhage in children was variable and early vitrectomy and postoperative correction with occlusion therapy might be essential in treatment of childhood vitreous hemorrhage.
Absorption ; Amblyopia ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Natural History ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Captopril* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Captopril* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of medical staffing level as bed-to-medical staff ratio on patient outcomes as length of stay (LOS) among hospitals in Korea. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty one hospitals participated in the study between January and March 2008. Data for the study was requested by an electronic data interchange from the Health Insurance Review Agency in 2008. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 15.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for length of stay was 13.6 days. The mean of operating bed-to-nurse ratio was 7.93:1. The predicting factors for LOS were bed-to-nurse's aide ratio, bed-to doctor's ratio, severely ill patient rate, and hospital type. These factors explained 28.9% of the variance in patient outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study results indicate that the relationship between medical staffing level and patient outcomes is important in the improvement of the quality of patient care. Thus, improvements in the quality of the nurse practice environment could improve patient outcomes for hospitalized patients.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Length of Stay ; Patient Care ; Statistics as Topic

Hysterosalpingograms of 375 patients with infertility were reviewed with reference to radiological features of each pathology and a comparative study of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in 36 patients was presented. The results were as follows; 1. In 375 cases infertility, 191 cases (50.9%) were primary infertility and 181 cases(49.1%) were secondary infertility. 2. The peak age distribution was 26 to 30 year old group in 211 cases (56.3%),and the peak duration of infertility was less than 3 years in 256 cases (68.3%). 3. Abnormal uterine findings were 115 cases (30.7%) and there were 73 cases of filling defects, 13 cases of irregularity , 12 cases of uterineflexion, 11 cases of congenital anomaly, and 9 cases of hypoplasia among them. 4. Abnormal tubal findings were 196 cases (52.3%) and there were 103 cases of simple obstruction, 69 cases of hydrosalpinx, and 50 cases of peritubal adhesion among them. 5. Intravasation of contrast media was noted in 42 cases (11.2%). 6. In 36 cases of laparoscopy, 23 cases (63.7%) was agreed to hysterosalpingography. 7. Aothough laparoscopy was better than hysterosalpinography in external anatomy of salpinx and relationship to overay, hysterosalpingography should be important for fundamental study of infertile women because of lower failure rate, lower risk of complications,therapeutic effect, and lower cost.
Age Distribution ; Contrast Media ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Infertility ; Laparoscopy ; Pathology