Vascular dementia is defined as a clinical syndrome of acquired intellectual impairment resulting from a brain injury due to a cerebrovascular disorder. It incorporates various vascular pathophysiological mechanisms and changes in the brain, and has diverse cause and clinical manifestations. The main suptypes of vascular dementia include 1) multi-infarct dementia, 2) strategic infarct dementia, and 3) subcortical vascular dementia. Both multi-infarct dementia and strategic infarct dementia show heterogeneity in etiologies, changes of the brain, as well as clinical manifestations. On the contrary, subcortical vascular dementia is suggested to be a more homogenous group. To better understand the clinical features of vascular dementia, cases corresponding to each subtype of vascular dementia are briefly discussed this review.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Dementia ; Dementia, Multi-Infarct ; Dementia, Vascular* ; Population Characteristics

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. According to the report from Korean national statistical office, the mortality rate of stroke was 73.2/100,000 persons in 2000. In Western countries, stroke mortality rates declined gradually from 1970, which accelerated markedly around 1990. Since then, there has been no further decrease in stroke mortality rates until now and the situation has been similar in Korea. In the past, hemorrhagic stroke in Korea similar to other Far East Asian countries. However, the ratio of hemorrhagic to ischemic stroke has been reversed since mid-1980s. This trend might be due to the westernization of diet and life style as well as better control of hypertension. The case fatality rate from one of the large hospital-based stroke registry was 7.2% within 30 days after the onset of acute ischemic stroke, which is similar to those of other series from western countries with an advanced medical care systems. It may be attributed to the inclusion of more asymptomatic or milder patients with small lesions detected by neuroimaging. Importantly, the delay of hospital visit after the onset of stroke and the lower compliance for secondary prevention remain serious problems in managing acute stroke in Korea. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and management of stroke, there has not been a nationwide population-based epidemiologic data on stroke in Korea. Therefore the application of Internet technology to develop multi center cooperative hospital-based registry could be an important step toward a long-waited nationwide stroke registry.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cause of Death ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Epidemiology* ; Far East ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Internet ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Mortality ; Neuroimaging ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Insemination* ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Quality Control*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Mice* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.

The Dandy-Wlaker syndrome is a developmental disoeder characterized by cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and is usually associated with hydrocephalus. This syndrome is also associated with intracranial malformations such as agenesis of corpus callosum, and extracranial malformations such as facial anormalies (cleft palate, cleft lip, and ocular anomalies), polycystic kidney, and cardiac anormalies. Reported associated ophthalmic anomalies are microphthalmos, coloboma, and congenital cataract.We experienced a case of infantile esotropia in abnormal insertion and direction of lateral rectus muscle as a variant of the Dandy-Walker syndrome accompanied by cleft palate and cleft lip in a 19-month-old male infant. Subsequent treatment of the 30delta esodeviation and left inferior oblique muscle overaction, including resection of the lateral rectus muscle in both eyes and the myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle in the left eye, yielded satisfactory results, so we report this case, with a review of the pertinent literature, as the first case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with esotropia with abnormal course of lateral rectus muscle in Korea.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Coloboma ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Dilatation ; Esotropia* ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Korea ; Lip ; Male ; Microphthalmos ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

We would like to correct the affiliation for the first author.

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*