PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of organizational culture and organizational support on the innovative behavior of general hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants in this study were 356 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The organizational culture positively correlated with innovative behavior. The most significant predictors of innovative behavior were age, organizational support and hierarchy-oriented culture. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nurses' organizational culture and organizational support were linked to innovative behavior. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to develop nurses' innovative behavior and increases nurses' recognition of organizational support to achieve high performance through innovation.
Data Collection ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General* ; Organizational Culture* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing service costs associated with all health care costs incurred by the institution. METHODS: This study was an empirical case study research in which the nursing cost was separated from total medical cost. The nursing cost index was calculated through a cost allocation method after summarizing costs for personnel, raw materials and administration of each department in one public hospital. The 2014 budget plan, published in ‘Public Hospitals Alert’, was used as data and the data were analyzed using the Microsoft Office EXCEL 2013 program. RESULTS: When comparing total medical costs and nursing costs, the nursing cost were 27.14% of the total medical cost. The nursing cost per nurse per hour was calculated as ₩29,128 The nursing cost per inpatient per day was calculated as ₩157,970, and the administration cost per patient was calculated as ₩133,710. CONCLUSION: The results of the research present the process of cost allocation of specific cost elements in the hospital and evidence for administrative costs which in the past have been only vaguely formulated. These are the significant implications of this study.
Budgets ; Cost Allocation ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Health Care Costs ; Hospital Costs ; Hospitals, Public ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Methods ; Nursing Services ; Nursing*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of change commitment and learning orientation on the innovativeness of clinical nurse. METHODS: The participants in this study were 268 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collect and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The most significant predictors of innovativeness were education, normative commitment, continuance commitment and learning commitment. Continuance commitment negatively correlated with innovativeness. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nurses' commitment to change and learning commitment were strongly linked to innovativeness. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to promote commitment to change include developing positive expectations about change positive outcomes.
Learning ; Orientation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Job Satisfaction ; Korea

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of delay in waiting time, and the relationships of waiting time, patient satisfaction, and revisiting intention of outpatient in general hospitals. METHODS: The data were collected from June 22 to July 4, 2009. A total of 536 outpatients who visited 21 clinics of a general hospital were subjected to evaluate the waiting time. The survey tools used were the Korea Health Industry Development Institutes (2008) tool for patient satisfaction and Reichheld & Sasser (1990) for revisiting intention. The data were analyzed by SAS version 9.1, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean patient's waiting time was 28.3+/-30.7 min, the revealed mean score of patient's satisfaction was 2.92, and the revisiting intention showed was 4.56. The waiting time was negatively correlated with patient's satisfaction (r=-.10, p<.019). Patient's satisfaction was positively correlated with revisiting intention (r=-.51, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Waiting time management is an important factor of increasing patient's satisfaction and revisiting intention in general hospitals. It is mandatory that reservation management systems take into account the patient's characteristics of visiting outpatient department in order to shorten the real waiting time.
Academies and Institutes ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phenothiazines ; Time Management

BACKGROUND: Policy network theory was proved to be an appropriate analytic tool for the current social welfare policy making process. This study aimed to analyze policy making process related to the nurse expansion and policy output while focusing on the interactions and activities among various policy actors. METHODS: In this study, we used reports related to the need for expansion of nursing personnel journals, dissertations, newspaper articles, for hearings and debate policies for securing nurse data, and interviews. We examined three components of policy network, that is, policy actors, interactions, linkage of interest. RESULTS: For that to expand the nurse before the 2000s in expanding the supply of medical supplies have been conducted without much disagreement among policy actors under the government's initiative. However, there was lacked a close relationship between the expanding supply of nurses and inaccurate analysis of supply and demand. As the policy is applied between the various policy actors' needs and claims, conflict was intensified and many policy options had been developed. Government only took a role as a coordinator among policy actors in the 2000's. Also, it was difficult to find sufficient and clear evidence that policy-making process based on fair judgment. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is urgently required to determine the policy through a social consensus to address the appropriate policy means and the process by correct analysis of the policy issues.
Consensus ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Judgment ; Nursing ; Nursing Staff ; Periodicals ; Policy Making ; Social Welfare

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of medical staffing level as bed-to-medical staff ratio on patient outcomes as length of stay (LOS) among hospitals in Korea. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty one hospitals participated in the study between January and March 2008. Data for the study was requested by an electronic data interchange from the Health Insurance Review Agency in 2008. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 15.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for length of stay was 13.6 days. The mean of operating bed-to-nurse ratio was 7.93:1. The predicting factors for LOS were bed-to-nurse's aide ratio, bed-to doctor's ratio, severely ill patient rate, and hospital type. These factors explained 28.9% of the variance in patient outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study results indicate that the relationship between medical staffing level and patient outcomes is important in the improvement of the quality of patient care. Thus, improvements in the quality of the nurse practice environment could improve patient outcomes for hospitalized patients.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Length of Stay ; Patient Care ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to nurses' organizational citizenship behavior using multilevel analysis which included both nurse characteristics at individual levels and nursing unit characteristics at group levels. METHODS: The sample was composed of 1,996 nurses who were selected from 182 nursing units in 28 hospitals in six metropolitan cities and seven provinces using cluster sampling. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from February to March 2006. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated that individual level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were religion, job position, clinical career, self efficacy, positive affectivity, and supervisor support. The group level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were collective efficacy, number of nurses in a nursing unit, and the average salary level of a nursing unit. 30.9% of individual level variances of organizational citizenship behavior were explained by the nurses' individual level variables. The explanatory power of group level variables, which is related to group level variances of organizational citizenship behavior, was 75.5%. CONCLUSION: This research showed that it was necessary to develop appropriate strategies related to not only individual factors, but also higher-level organizational factors such as collective efficacy, to improve individual performances in the hospital.
Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration/*psychology ; Personal Satisfaction ; Questionnaires ; *Social Behavior ; Social Support ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing performance of MultiDrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) infection control by nurses in general hospitals. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey design using convenience sampling. Data were collected from 130 nurses working in 6 general hospitals. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: General hospital nurses' MDROs infection control performance was influenced by their awareness of environmental safety, recognition of MDROs infection control, number of beds in the hospital, whether nurses had nursing experience with infection control and guidelines for MDROs infection control. The most important predictors of MDROs infection control performance were awareness of environmental safety and recognition of MDROs infection control. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that it is necessary to include content related to awareness of environmental safety and recognition of infection control in developing MDROs infection control education programs for general hospital nurses.
Education ; Hospitals, General* ; Infection Control* ; Nursing ; Research Design

NAG activity has been measured in the urine of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and renal disease subjects. Results have shown significantly higher levels of Urinary NAG in hypertension, diaetes and renal disease subjects compared to normal control Subjects group(P<0.001). Urinary NAG measurement is simple and accurate and it provides a valuable information in the early detection of renal dysfunction in hypertension and diabetes subjects and also in the follow up of these patients.
Acetylglucosaminidase* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension*