No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*

In Korea, delivery of preterm has increased gradually, preterm delivery rate was 6.4% in 1995 and 9.8% in 2002. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in aspect of health factors and food habits. The health factors and dietary habits were compared between preterm delivery group and full-term delivery group on to recognize risk factor of delivering premature. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The full-term delivery group showed a high rate of professionals and the preterm delivery group showed a high rate of the service industry, showing differences in kinds of occupation(p<0.05). Heights were higher in full-term delivery group(p<0.05). Among the nutrition supplements, iron supplement consumption was the most, period of the intake of iron was significantly longer for the full-term delivery group than for the preterm delivery group(p<0.05). Also, prevalence of coffee was higher in preterm delivery group(p<0.001). The activity level was higher in full-term delivery group(p<0.005).
Coffee ; Food Habits ; Iron ; Korea ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

AIM: To evaluate fundus findings in patients with intracranial aneurysm (ICA) to determine the relation between ICA and distinguishable retinal features.METHODS: We analyzed the medical records and ocular images of 46 patients with previously diagnosed ICA referred from the Neurosurgical Department.All patients underwent ophthalmologic evaluation including fluorescein angiography (FAG).Furthermore, the presence of drusen, macular degeneration, cotton wool spot, hard exudates, retinal hemorrhage, arteriolar attenuation, A-V crossing signs, arm-to-retina time, and A-V transit time were evaluated.The results of ICA patients (Group 1) were compared with those of 22 idiopathic epiretinal membrane patients with unaffected eyes (Group 2).RESULTS: Mean ages were 60.02y (Group 1) and 60.68y (Group 2) respectively (P=0.70).The prevalence of hypertension was similar in both groups.No case with retinal macroaneurysm was found in either group.The presence of drusen, macular degeneration, cotton wool spot, hard exudates, retinal hemorrhage, arteriolar attenuation, and A-V crossing sign was not significantly different between the two groups.Mean arm-to-retina time was not significantly different in two groups, either.CONCLUSION: We cannot find any evidence that the patients with ICA shows specific changes in the FAG and fundus.

This study investigated parents' attitude about children's unbalanced diet. The subjects were 1,309 parents that their children attended at kindergarten or child care center in Kyoung-Ki province. The order of dislikes in 'vegetables and fruits' was as follows: all kinds of vegetables (56.5%), beans (17.6%), fruits (5.2%). In 'meat, fish, poultry', the order of dislikes was meats (38.2%), fishes (21.8%), milk (16.4%), eggs (10.0%). In 'cerelas', the order of dislikes was rice (31.0%), rice cakes (14.3%), noodles (11.9%). The several rationalizations for dislikes are 'taste' (19.1%), 'food habit from younger age' (18.4%), 'lack of chances for trying new food' (16.0%) etc. To compared children's ration-alizations for dislikes to their age group, the percentage of 'lack of chances for trying new food', 'strange food shape', 'lack of nutrition education' was significantly higher in 'below 5 years old' (< 5) group than other groups (< 6, < 7) and 'sweety food' was significantly higher in 'below 7 years old' (< 7) group than other groups (< 5, < 6) (p < 0.05). In parents' attitude about children's unbalanced dietary habit, subjects answered that they try to make children understand to eat dislike food (73.9%), develop new recipe for children (14.0%), neglect children's food habit (6.2%). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents age, the percentage of 'try to make children understand to eat dislike food' was significantly higher in 'below 30 years old' (< 30) group than other groups (30~35, 35~39, > or = 40) and 'developing new recipe' was significantly higher in 'over 40 years old' (40) group than other groups (< 30, 30~35, 35~39)(p < 0.05). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents' occupation, the percentage of 'neglecting' was higher in employed group and 'developing new recipe' was higher in unemployed group than the other group. According to the results of the survey, it is necessary to make new educational materials for employed parents and young children and develop new recipes to use various kind of foods instead of forcing unpleasant foods on the children for the sake of unbalanced diet.
Child ; Child Care ; Child, Preschool ; Diet* ; Eggs ; Fabaceae ; Fishes ; Food Habits ; Food Preferences ; Fruit ; Humans ; Meat ; Milk ; Occupations ; Ovum ; Parents ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: Doppler findings of pulmonary venous flow in large atrial septal defect(ASD) has been known to show a contiguous form rather than showing a form with two peaks in a cardiac cycle. The aim of this study was to find out the affecting variables in flow pattern change. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 16 isolated secondum ASD infants with defect diameters greater than 3 mm(L group), 10 infants with a defect diameter less than 3 mm(S group) and 11 infants with no structural abnormal findings(N group), among infants who visited the Pediatric Department of Soonchunhyang University Hospital and underwent a echocardiographic examination from April 2001 through June 2003. The echocardiographic examination included the midflow ratio of the pulmonary vein, calculated by division(numerator:the minimum velocity between S & D velocities, denominator: the mean value of S & D velocities). RESULTS: The mean ages of these three groups(L group, S group and N group) were 0.35+/-0.34 years, 0.22+/-0.22 years and 0.45+/-0.27 years, respectively. The midflow ratios were 0.76+/-0.20, 0.54 +/-0.11, 0.53+/-0.11 in groups, and significant difference between L group and the other two groups (P=0.002). The only affecting variable to midflow ratio is the defect area. And there is a significant causal relationship between them(P=0.003). CONCLUSION: The fact that Doppler findings of the pulmonary venous flow in a large sized atrial septal defect show a contiguous form is thought to be due to the unique hemodynamic characteristics of the ASD. The results of this study showed that such altered pattern ascertained as the defect size became larger.
Echocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pulmonary Veins

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of general characteristics, menopause status, dietary patterns and nutrient intakes between women aged from 30 to 65 years old with a hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group. The subjects were classified as belonging to the hypercholesterolemia group or normocholesterolemia group barred on The Guidelines for Korean Hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were measured by means of a 24-hr recall method with food models and measuring tools. We analyzed both data sets together using analysis of variance chi-square test and student's t-test(SPSS for WINDOWS, version 7.5). Significance was defied as a p value< 0.05. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Mean age and BMI of the hypercholesteroemia group were significantly higher than those of the normocholesterolemia group. Intakes of cereal, vegetables, mushrooms and sea food in the normocholesterolemia group were significantly higher than those in the hypercholesterolemia group. Most of the nutrient intakes were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and the hypercholesterolemia group. However, vitamin E intake of the normocholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that of the hypercholesterolemia group. There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin E intake and serum TC(r = -.363, p<0.001) and LDL-C(r = -.359, p<0.001). In addition, Serum TG had significantly correlation with carbohydrate(r = 0.137, p<0.001) and vitamin E intake(r = -0.134, p<0.001). Therefore, women who suffered from hypercholesterolemia were recommended to control body weight, and to consume foods containing high vitamin E and foods containing high dietary fiber such as vegetables, mushrooms, and sea food.
Agaricales ; Aged ; Body Weight ; Edible Grain ; Dataset ; Dietary Fiber ; Fatty Acids ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Hyperlipidemias ; Menopause ; Seafood ; Vegetables ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Inadequate nutritional status of pregnancy can cause underweight and premature birth, undergrowth and deliverance of physically and mentally defected babyies. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in the aspect of nutritional factors. The nutrient intakes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group to recognize risk factors of preterm delivery. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The pregnancy period was statistically longer in the normal term group (p < 0.0001). Weight increase was statistically higher in the normal term group (p < 0.0001). Calories (p < 0.05), carbohydrates (p < 0.0005), dietary fibers (p < 0.0001), potassium (p < 0.0005), vitamin B1 (p < 0.0005), vitamin B6 (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.0001), and folic acid (p < 0.05) intakes were statistically higher in the normal term group. Nutrient density of vitamin B1 (p < 0.05) and vitamin C (p < 0.0001) in the normal term group was statistically higher. Nutrient adequacy ratio of zinc (p < 0.05), vitamin B1 (p < 0.05) and folic acid (p < 0.05) were statistically higher in the normal term group. Index of Nutritional Quality of vitamin B1 (p < 0.05) and vitamin C (p < 0.0001) were statistically higher in the normal term group. In this study, the normal term delivery showed higher intakes of calories, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fiber, potassium, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C and folic acid than the preterm delivery group. Deficiencies in various nutrients may lead to preterm delivery, therefore, balanced nutrient intake is recommended to prevent preterm delivery.
Ascorbic Acid ; Carbohydrates ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value ; Potassium ; Pregnancy* ; Premature Birth ; Risk Factors ; Thiamine ; Thinness ; Vitamin B 6 ; Zinc

The objective of this study is to investigate how patients satisfaction are affected by satisfaction with the patient menu and differentiated service resulting from QI activities and to evaluate the efficiency of QI activities. In order to improve satisfaction with menus through QI activities, this study strengthened meal round, examined the quantity of food waste produced by patients, diversified one-dish menus and used seasonal food as much as possible to reflect patients' tastes to the maximum. With regard to cooking, additionally, it strengthened sampling and standardized recipes to maintain the constancy of taste and cooking/seasoning. From July 2003, dining time was changed from 08 : 00 to 07 : 30 for breakfast and from 17 : 30 to 18 : 00 for dinner. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows: The goal of QI was to improve food service by raising the score of "Satisfaction with Offered Menus" from 3.49 before QI to 3.55 after QI and differentiating nutrition service at the VIP ward. The score of "Satisfaction with offered menus" after QI was 3.56, and services related to the VIP ward were 7 dishes per meal, meal round once per day and the use of a napkin for a spoon in setting the table. In addition a variety of dishes were used in order to heighten the visual effect. Among the 10 items included on the patient satisfaction questionnaire, 8 items showed higher scores before QI. "Taste of meals" (p <0.05), "Satisfaction with offered menus" (p <0.05), "Kindness of meal serving assistants" (p <0.05) and "Cleanliness of clothes & features" (p <0.05) of VIP ward were significantly higher than those of a general ward.
Breakfast ; Cooking ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Food Services* ; Humans ; Meals ; Patient Satisfaction ; Patients' Rooms ; Qi ; Quality Improvement* ; Seasons

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in the Department of Nutrition and patient satisfaction, following the changes in Food Services Management. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 program. The results can be summarized as follows. The working environment for dietitians and cooking and meal serving assistants was improved following to a change catering of food service management. The number of dietitians who worked in medical nutritional therapy and food services was increased from one to four, and the number of dietary consultations and meal rounds were increased 2.5-fold and 5-fold, respectively after the change services were implemented. Among the 10 items included in the patient satisfaction questionnaire, "Taste of meals" (p < 0.01) and "Satisfaction of offered menus" (p < 0.01) showed significantly higher scores before the catering. "Kindness of meal serving assistant" this increase was not statistically significant, showed increased satisfaction after the catering, however.
Cooking ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Food Services* ; Humans ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Patient Satisfaction ; Referral and Consultation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to assess how the changes in the food services environment on patients satisfaction with the hospital food service. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows: The flow line and environment of the food services in the hospital were improved through remodeling, which included the replacement of all cooking utensils, ventilation facilities and material storages, the purchase of a combi steamer, and the change of meal carts and trays. After the remodeling, the hospital food service was improved so that it provided spoons at each meal, diversified the menu utilizing the combi steamer, served event meals three times a week as well as water boiled with burned rice in the morning twice a week. In addition, various types of tableware were used in the table settings to produce attractive visual effects. Among the 10 items included on the patient satisfaction questionnaire, "satisfaction with offered menus" (p<0.01) showed significantly higher scores before the remodeling. "cooking/seasoning of food", "amount of meals" and "taste of meals" were not statistically significant, but showed increased satisfaction after the remodeling. However "temperature of food", "cleanliness of clothes and features" and "satisfaction with meal times" were not statistically significant, but showed decreased satisfaction after the remodeling.
Burns ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Food Service, Hospital* ; Food Services* ; Humans ; Meals ; Patient Satisfaction ; Ventilation ; Water ; Surveys and Questionnaires